1,722,666 research outputs found
Analytic probability distributions for snow-dominated streamflows
Full text linkWe propose a novel analytical description of the streamflow probability distribution functions (pdfs) in Alpine catchments characterized by pronounced, snow-dominated winter low flows. Knowledge about such hydrological regimes is crucial for water resources management in mountain environments and the related wide range of socio-economic, environmental and ecological services. We use a stochastic framework, generalizing that employed by Botter et al. (2007b), to link precipitation (rain and snow) and streamflow dynamics. The effect of snow dynamics on the flow regime is specifically included by incorporating the temporary disconnection of high-elevation areas that experience freezing conditions over the entire winter season, and the delay produced on streamflow formation by the temporary accumulation (and later melting) of snow at lower elevations. The novel analytical model employs four parameters that can be directly estimated from observed discharge, precipitation and air temperatures, and one calibration parameter (the elevation threshold z delimiting catchment areas with a permanent seasonal snow cover that is nonresponsive during winter owing to snow accumulation without melt). We test the developed model for 14 catchments with contrasting hydroclimatic conditions, located in the Swiss and the Italian Alps. Overall, the proposed analytic model reproduces the observed streamflow pdfs remarkably well. Exceptions exist, though, and the possible origin of deviations between observed and modeled pdfs are discussed. We suggest that our approach marks a progress toward the general statistical characterization of catchment streamflow variability.ECH
Catchment mixing processes and travel time distributions
No full textThis work focuses on the description and the use of the probability density functions (pdfs) of travel, residence and evapotranspiration times, which are comprehensive descriptors of the fate of rainfall water particles traveling through catchments, and provide key information on hydrologic flowpaths, partitioning of precipitation, circulation and turnover of pollutants. Exploiting some analytical solutions to the transport problem derived by Botter et al. (2011), this paper analyzes the features of travel, residence and evapotranspiration time pdfs resulting from different assumptions on the mixing processes occurring during streamflow formation and plant uptake (namely, complete mixing and translatory flow). The ensuing analytical solutions are analyzed through numerical Monte Carlo simulations of a stochastic model of soil moisture and streamflow dynamics. Travel and residence time pdfs are shown to be time-variant as they mirror the variability of the relevant hydrological fluxes. In particular, the temporal fluctuations of the mean residence time are shown to reflect rainfall dynamics, whereas the variability of the mean travel time is chiefly driven by streamflow dynamics, with lower frequency and higher amplitude fluctuations. Dry climates enhance the effect of the type of mixing on catchment transport features (e. g., mean travel times and seasonal dynamics of stream concentrations). The implications for the interpretation of tracer experiments are also discussed, showing through specific examples that models disregarding nonstationarity may significantly misestimate travel time pdfs
BOTTER APARTMANI
No full textAyşe Övür’ün “Botter Apartmanı” adlı yapıtında ebeveyn figürlerin diğer figürlerin yaşam algısına etkisi hangi yönleriyle ele alınmıştır
BOTTER APARTMANI
Full text linkAyşe Övür’ün “Botter Apartmanı” adlı yapıtında ebeveyn figürlerin diğer figürlerin yaşam algısına etkisi hangi yönleriyle ele alınmıştır
Archeologisch vooronderzoek ten behoeve van de herontwikkeling van het plangebied Botter 135 ('Botter-locatie') te Barendrecht, gemeente Barendrecht
No full textIn opdracht van KuiperCompagnons heeft Vestigia Archeologie & Cultuurhistorie een archeologisch bureauonderzoek verricht in het kader van de herontwikkeling van de zogenaamde Botter-locatie, gelegen aan de Botter 135 te Barendrecht, gemeente Barendrecht
Botter Apartmanının Gesamtkunstwerk Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
No full textİnsanlığın paradigmatik özgürlük çerçevesinde bir gelecek tasavvuru ile kültürel dünya düzeni oluşturmasının bir önceliği de mekân yaratma sanatıdır. Bu minvalde dönemin fonksiyonel özellikleri, teknolojisi, estetiği ve dönem şartlarının birlikte yorumlanması ve değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu özelliği ile mimarlık, insan ve toplum yaşamının en önemli oluşumlarından birini geçmişten günümüze kadar taşımıştır. Bu yorumlamayı gesamtkunstwerk kavramı ile kısaca anlatabiliriz. Zira bu kavramın temelinde bütüncül sanat anlayışı yatmaktadır. Mimarisi, fonksiyonu, estetiği, kullanılan malzemesi, dönemin iktisadi ve içtimai hayatı bir yapının üzerine de yansımasıdır. Botter apartmanını da toplumsal yaşamı, kültürün toplumdaki yeri, felsefesi, sanatı, bilimi, dönemin anlayışını ve teknolojisini bünyesinde toplamış bir yapı olarak değerlendirebiliriz. Bu makalede Botter apartmanı, gesamtkunstwerk bakış açısıyla hem malzemesi, hem iç ve dış mekân süsleme unsurları hem de dönemin ve bölgenin gelişimi ve sanat anlayışı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bakımdan, Botter apartmanı İstiklal Caddesine kattığı anlam ile birlikte ele alındığında gesamtkunstwerk bakış açısının somutlaşmış hali olarak da yorumlayabiliriz
Botter: An AI disinformation experiment
No full textBotter is a speculative design experiment in the form of a satirical social network populated exclusively by AI bots. It was developed to critique and explore the impact of artificial content generation on public perception and discourse. Utilising AI models, including GPT-4 for textual content and Dalle2 and Dalle3 for image generation, Botter produces fictional news stories in the form of social media posts, challenging users to critically engage with and co-create artificial narratives.
Designed to mimic conventional social media platforms, Botter encourages user interaction through a system of 'bosts', upvotes, and comments.
User interactions and feedback (over 2000 posts and 6000 visitors as of Feb 2024) reveal a fascination with the platform's novelty and satirical tone, contrasted by concerns over the believability and potential consequences of AI powered fake news
The Suspensory Ligament of the Clitoris: A New Anatomical and Histological Description
No full textBackground: The importance of the clitoris as an organ has been neglected by doctors and anatomists over the centuries. Its central role in female sexuality is widely recognized and respected. Although multiple studies have been conducted on the fundiform ligament of the penis, the literature concerning the suspensory ligament of the clitoris is extremely poor. The possibility to describe its complex structure may help us understand female orgasm and sexuality. Aim: Carrying out an anatomical and histological study about the supporting ligaments of the clitoris and in particular the suspensory ligament of the clitoris. Study Design: A total of 10 female cadavers were dissected specifically for this study. All the supporting structures of the clitoris were studied, photographed and measured. A histological study of these structures was also carried out. Results: The suspensory ligament of the clitoris is a multidimensional structure consisting of three anatomically and histologically distinct components. The superficial layer originates from the anterior abdominal wall, it is the anatomical extension of the fascia superficialis of the abdomen. It mainly consists of loosely organized elastic fibers, fibroblasts and few loosely organized collagen fibers. The intermediate component also originates from the anterior abdominal wall through the extensions of the abdominal aponeurosis that reach the body of the clitoris. It completely encloses the clitoral body and sends lateral extensions to the labia majora. Histologically, this layer mainly consists of well-organized collagen fibers as well as fibroblasts. The deep component is shorter and extends from the pubic symphysis to the knee of the clitoris and also connects the two crus to the pubic symphysis. It almost exclusively consists of very well organized collagen fibers. Conclusion: The suspensory ligament of the clitoris is a multidimensional structure that extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the clitoris. Unlike previous descriptions of the ligament supporting the clitoris, we observed that this structure consists of three anatomically and histologically distinct layers. These new anatomical considerations must be taken into account for any surgery affecting the subcutaneous tissues of the pubis and the abdomen as well as for reconstructive surgery of the clitoris and metoidioplasty. Botter C, Botter M, Pizza C, et al., The Suspensory Ligament of the Clitoris: A New Anatomical and Histological Description. J Sex Med 2022;19:12–20
Stochastic recession rates and the probabilistic structure of stream flows
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of interevent variability of streamflow recession
rates on two key streamflow statistics, namely, the equilibrium probability density function
(pdf) and the autocorrelation. The relevance of the problem lies in the need to quantify
and predict streamflow availability, on the basis of measurable rainfall and landscape
attributes, by explicitly incorporating the stochasticity of the underlying climate and
transport processes. Novel expressions for the seasonal pdf and the autocorrelation of the
daily streamflows are derived by incorporating the randomness of the recession rates into a
probabilistic framework where the streamflow fluctuations are explicitly related to the
intermittency of the rainfall forcing. The presence of stochastic recession time constants is
shown to impact only the third‐ and higher‐order moments of the probability density
function of the daily streamflows, without altering the mean and the variance of the pdf.
A remarkable effect is instead produced on the correlation structure, which may exhibit
long‐term persistence even in the presence of a weak randomness of the recession rate.
A relevant case study is then discussed to show that incorporating the stochasticity of
the recession time constant leads to an improvement of the model ability to capture the
behavior of the equilibrium streamflow pdf and of the underlying correlation function
Integration of HD-sEMG and Ultrasounds for the Assessment of Muscle Function
Full text linkElectromyograms (EMGs) and ultrasound (US) images provide complementary information on muscle function. The integration of these two techniques may provide key insights into the electromechanical properties of skeletal muscles as well as into physiological adaptations due to ageing, pathologies, injuries or rehabilitation. From a technological point of view, the simultaneous acquisition of US and surface EMG from the same muscle region is challenging as the two detection systems may interfere with each other. This paper will describe these methodological issues and how they have been addressed to ensure high quality detection of both surface EMGs and US images. Finally, an overview on current and possible, future applications will be provided
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