2,156 research outputs found
Mediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome
No full textMediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome Background: The metabolic syndrome refers to a clustering of risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypertension and it is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. In this thesis we studied whether a Mediterranean diet favourably affects the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We assessed the association between a Mediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy elderly European subjects (SENECA study) and in a Dutch study population that was oversampled with subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus type 2 (CoDAM study). In addition, we conducted a controlled-feeding trial to compare the effects of replacing a high saturated fatty acids (SFA) diet with a high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet or a Mediterranean diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose metabolism (glucose concentration and insulin sensitivity). Results: In both the SENECA study and the feeding trial we find support for the hypothesis that a Mediterranean diet has a beneficial effect on two characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, namely HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In addition, the findings of the SENECA study suggested that subjects with good adherence to a Mediterranean diet had a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (prevalence ratio 0.81, 95%CI 0.65; 1.03) and a smaller waist circumference (-1.1 cm, 95%CI -2.4; 0.3) than subjects with poor adherence. In the CoDAM study, we did not find these associations. In none of our studies we found support for the hypothesis that a Mediterranean diet has a beneficial effect on glucose concentration, insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Conclusion: This thesis finds support for a beneficial effect on two out of five characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and also suggests a beneficial effect on a third characteristic (abdominal obesity). We therefore conclude that a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent the metabolic syndrome and consequently diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. <br/
PIDR(s): IDR(s) as a Projection Method
No full textThe Induced Dimension Reduction(s) method (or the IDR(s) method) is an example of an iterative method used for solving systems of linear equations. Projection methods are a special type of iterative method. They find an approximate solution in a subspace (the right subspace) by requiring that the residual is orthogonal to another subspace (the left subspace). In this thesis we investigate how we can implement IDR(s) as a projection method. We call this method IDR(s), which stands for Projected IDR(s).We present an implementation of PIDR(s) for solving systems of linear equations and for solving eigenvalue problems. These implementations are not meant to be optimal, but they are used to show that IDR(s) can indeed be seen as a projection method.Track: educationScience Education and CommunicationApplied Science
A Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Mesolithic Wild Aurochs (Bos primigenius)
No full textBackground
The derivation of domestic cattle from the extinct wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) has been well-documented by archaeological and genetic studies. Genetic studies point towards the Neolithic Near East as the centre of origin for Bos taurus, with some lines of evidence suggesting possible, albeit rare, genetic contributions from locally domesticated wild aurochsen across Eurasia. Inferences from these investigations have been based largely on the analysis of partial mitochondrial DNA sequences generated from modern animals, with limited sequence data from ancient aurochsen samples. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technologies, however, are affording new opportunities for the examination of genetic material retrieved from extinct species, providing new insight into their evolutionary history. Here we present DNA sequence analysis of the first complete mitochondrial genome (16,338 base pairs) from an archaeologically-verified and exceptionally-well preserved aurochs bone sample.
Methodology
DNA extracts were generated from an aurochs humerus bone sample recovered from a cave site located in Derbyshire, England and radiocarbon-dated to 6,738±68 calibrated years before present. These extracts were prepared for both Sanger and next generation DNA sequencing technologies (Illumina Genome Analyzer). In total, 289.9 megabases (22.48%) of the post-filtered DNA sequences generated using the Illumina Genome Analyzer from this sample mapped with confidence to the bovine genome. A consensus B. primigenius mitochondrial genome sequence was constructed and was analysed alongside all available complete bovine mitochondrial genome sequences.
Conclusions
For all nucleotide positions where both Sanger and Illumina Genome Analyzer sequencing methods gave high-confidence calls, no discrepancies were observed. Sequence analysis reveals evidence of heteroplasmy in this sample and places this mitochondrial genome sequence securely within a previously identified aurochsen haplogroup (haplogroup P), thus providing novel insights into pre-domestic patterns of variation. The high proportion of authentic, endogenous aurochs DNA preserved in this sample bodes well for future efforts to determine the complete genome sequence of a wild ancestor of domestic cattle
Actie podium van de stad - De plek voor overlapping van publieke en private actie; onderzoeksrapport. Het grote huis en de kleine stad - de stad van ankers in plaats van wortels; essay, onderdeel van onderzoeksrapport.
No full textHet onderzoeksrapport is in samenwerking van bovengenoemde auteurs tot stand gekomen. Het essay is enkel geschreven door M.B. Dekker.At home in the city - BerlinDwellingArchitectur
KAJIAN PENDUGAAN ME DARI DE PADA SAPI, KERBAU DAN DOMBA DI INDONESIA
No full textADSTRAK Sejumlah 100 data kesetimbangan energi yang diperoleh dari temak Indonesia, terdiri dari 36 data dari domba lokal, 24 data dari kerbau lumpur, 12 data dari sapi Peranakan Limousin (PL) dan 28 data dari sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) digunaktin untuk mt:ngetahui proporsi nilai energy termetabolh (ME) dari energi tercema (DE) pada temak di Indonesia. Data tersebut diperoleh dari 14 penelitian ten tang kesetimbangan r.nergi dengan berbagai macam perlakuan pakan. Nilai ME dit~ntukan dengan mengukur energi yang dikonsumsi, energi yang keluar me1alui feses, urin dan gas methan dengan metode total koleksi. Total koleksi di dilaksanakan selama 7 hari untuk ciomba dan 5 hari untuk sapi dan kerbau, setelah temak terlebih dulu dibi:J.sakan dengan pakan perlakuan sedikitllya 2 minggu. Produksi methan diukur dengan metode Facemask yang dilengkapi dengan Methane analyser (Horiba, Jpn) selama 10 menit dengan interval 3 jam selama 2 hari sl;gera setelah berakhimya peri ode total koleksi. Produksi methan ini kemudian dikonversikan menjadi produksi tOlal harian. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai ME Gomba lokal Indonesia, kerbau, sapi PO dan sapi PL masing masing adalah 78.0, 74,1 72,5, dan 74,3% dari nilai DE. Nilai ME tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan 80% yang direkomendasikan oleh ARC (lnO), atau 82% yang direkomendasikan oleh Japanese feeding standard (AFFRCS, 1999). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa proses metabolisme dalam kondisi panas dan lembab :.eperti di Indoresia kurang efisien jika dibandingkan dengan pada kondisi sub-tropis. Kata kunci: DE, ME, kerbau, Sapi, Domba. ABSTRACT • I , :,.'-j". A ·'total J't'1'66 data of energy balance trials from Indonesian livestock, composed of 36 data from indigenous sheep, 24 data from swamp buffaloes, 12 data from grade OngoIe-Limousin Crossbred cattle, and 28 data from Grade Ongole cattle were used to study the :,PF9Portion of metabolisable energy (ME) from digestible energy (DE). Those data were obtained from 14 balance trials of various feeding treatments. Metabolisable energy was determined by measuring gross energy intake, energy loss in form of faeces, urine and methane by total collection methods. Total collections was conducted for a 7day
period for sheep and 5-day period for cattle and buffalo, following at least 2-week feed adaptation period. Methane production was measured by the facemask method equipped with methane analyser (Horiba, Japan) for 10 minutes at 3-hour intervals for 2 days immediately after the total collection ended. This methane production was then converted to daily total production. The results showed that metabolisable energy of Indonesia indigenous sheep, swamp buffalo, Grade Ongole cattle and Grade Ongole-Limousin Crossbred were 78.0, 74.1, 72.5 and 74.3% of DE. The value of ME was less than 80% that was recommended by Agricultural Research Council (1980), or 82% as recommended by Japanese Feeding Standart (AFFRCS, 1999). It was considered that m~tabolism pro(;ess in hot and humid areas such as Indonesia was less efficient as compared with that in the sub-tropics. Key words: DE, ME, buffalo, callIe, sheep
Author Correction:A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6, published online 25 November 2021The original version of this Article contained errors in the author list where Marjolein D. Bosch was omitted from the author list, and Mikołaj Urbanowski was incorrectly listed as an author of the original Article, and has subsequently been removed.The Author contributions section now reads:“S.T. W.N. and A.N. conceived the project; S.T., W.N., A.P., M.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., M.D. B., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H., performed research; S.T., A.P., W.N., M.B., M.D.B., S.C., M.D., H.F., A.M., D.P., M.P.R., C.M.R., V.S-M., G.M.S., P.S., M.S., K.S., A.V., F.W., H.W., A.W., M.Z., S.B., A.N., J-J. H. analysed all archaeological data; S.T. and A.P. wrote the paper with the collaboration of all the co-authors.”The original Article and its accompanying Supplementary Information file have been corrected
Internet and e-health Care: an Interdigital Field of Study
No full textThe foreword focuses on a historical definition of the e-health field. The author contributed to shaping the e-health field in the international community being one of the pioneers' scholars since the 1990s. The chapter discusses current and challenging future scenarios based on the international evolution that brings about new challenges
Meta-Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Several Population Bottlenecks during Worldwide Migrations of Cattle
No full textSeveral studies have investigated the differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Eurasian, African and American cattle as well as archaeological bovine material. A global survey of these studies shows that haplogroup distributions are more stable in time than in space. All major migrations of cattle have shifted the haplogroup distributions considerably with a reduction of the number of haplogroups and/or an expansion of haplotypes that are rare or absent in the ancestral populations. The most extreme case is the almost exclusive colonization of Africa by the T1 haplogroup, which is rare in Southwest Asian cattle. In contrast, ancient samples invariably show continuity with present-day cattle from the same location. These findings indicate strong maternal founder effects followed by limited maternal gene flow when new territories are colonized. However, effects of adaptation to new environments may also play a role
Interrogation of modern and ancient genomes reveals the complex domestic history of cattle
No full textThe analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence polymorphisms from modern cattle populations has had a profound impact on our understanding of the events surrounding the domestication of cattle. From these studies, it has been possible to distinguish between pre- and post-domestic genetic differentiation, supporting previous assertions from archaeological studies and, in some cases, revealing novel aspects of the demographic history of cattle.
Analyses of genetic material retrieved from the remains of extinct ancestral wild cattle have also added valuable layers of information pertaining to cattle domestic origins; however, information from these investigations have, in general, been limited to small, variable portions of the mitochondrial genome owing to technical challenges associated with the retrieval and amplification of ancient DNA.
In recent years, however, new high-throughput, massively parallel genomics technology platforms, such as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have provided a new impetus to the studies of genetic variation in extant and ancient cattle.
Arrays of SNP have facilitated high-resolution genetic surveys of global cattle populations and detection of ancient and recent genomic selective sweeps. Next-generation sequencing analyses of modern and ancient cattle hold great promise for identifying and cataloging of pre- and post-domestication patterns of genomic variation and correlating this with natural and artificial selection processes
LA PRIMA RICEZIONE DELLA FENOMENOLOGIA NEGLI STATI UNITI: UN'ANALISI STORICO-CRITICA
No full textMy research analyzes the characteristics of the first reception of husserlian phenomenology in the United States. The base of this work is a detailed historiographical reconstruction of this phase representing the point of departure of all those studies on phenomenological tradition that have been developed in the American academic world. Several institutions belong to the context in which this reception took place: the New School for Social Research as the original center for the teaching of phenomenology and a number of societies arisen since the sixties to diffuse Husserl’s philosophy in the United States (First Part: Chapter 2 and Chapter 3).
This first reception, promoted since the late thirties by Kaufmann, Schutz, Gurwitsch, Cairns and Farber, must be distinguished from an earlier phase, presenting only the general approach to Husserl’s thought of some American scholars (Second Part: Chapter 1). The origin of the studies of each author undoubtedly typifies their promotion of husserlian phenomenology: Gurwitsch, Schutz and Kaufmann belong to the European tradition, (First Part: Chapter 1) while the Americans Farber and Cairns mainly owe the growing interest in Husserl’s thought to their studies in Freiburg (Second Part: Chapter 2). Nevertheless, during this phase of reception of phenomenology, the original adherence to his lesson – useful to distinguish them from others Husserl’s students emigrated in United States – gradually disappears from their critiques. The aim of my research is to single out the salient features that characterize the different interpretations of Husserl’s thought elaborated by each author, whereas their originality can be indicated as decisive for following developments (Third Part). Gurwitsch builds an interesting critique of Husserl’s whole-part theory, focuses his analysis on the noema, and elaborates a non-egological conception of consciousness. Schutz’s critique of transcendental phenomenology mainly refers to his concept of mundane intersubjectivity. For what concerns Cairns, his few writings published until now don’t allow to deepen the exam on his interpretation. After the arrival in the United States, Kaufmann concentrates his discussion on the relationship between husserlian phenomenology and the logic. Farber proposes a critique which is far from being an original interpretation, although his analysis remains bound to the interest in phenomenology until the end.
With this work I want to explain how the interest about husserlian phenomenology began in the United States, who were its promoters, and also what kind of interpretations they developed in the American academic world. It must be considered that they hadn’t a decisive influence on further developments of phenomenological studies, but in any case helped bringing the attention on Husserl’s thought throughout their teaching
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