1,721,107 research outputs found
Do human rights offenders oppose human rights resolutions in the United Nations?
Full text linkVoting, Human rights, United Nations, Instrumental voting, D78,
Labor Supply and Wage Formation Under Skill Shortages and Labor Market Tightness
Full text linkOver the past two decades, the shortage of skilled labor has become a central issue in economic policy debates across industrialized nations. Reports from governmental, supranational, and intergovernmental organizations highlight concerns about the scarcity of skilled labor. Against this backdrop, my dissertation investigates labor supply and wage-setting in the context of skill shortages and contributes to the literature on labor market mechanisms under such conditions. It focuses on the example of nursing, as this profession not only plays a crucial role in public health but is also among those most affected by skill shortages in many developed countries.
The first three main chapters of my dissertation address labor supply-related questions. Chapter 2 analyzes occupational retention among nurses and identifies factors associated with varying duration of employment in the profession. Chapter 3 examines nurses’ preferences for job characteristics and assesses how these characteristics influence the attractiveness of nursing jobs. Chapter 4 explores how these preferences differ across individuals and investigates the factors associated with this heterogeneity. Chapter 5 shifts the focus to labor demand and examines whether, and to what extent, wages respond to skill shortages.
I use a variety of data sources and methodological approaches to address each research question as closely as possible and provide empirical evidence on key aspects of labor market behavior under skill shortages. My findings offer insights for relevant agents in the healthcare sec-tor and, where applicable, inform broader labor market policy discussions. Political and employer actions to increase the supply of skilled labor could focus on raising wages, offering permanent contracts early in the career, and addressing objective as well as subjective job characteristics. Preference heterogeneity underscores the importance to differentiate work arrangements to align with individual preferences and circumstances. The finding that wages only partially respond to shortages highlights untapped potential to use wage adjustments as a tool to address skill shortages
Local Networks within the Basic Security Support for Job-Seekers. Objectives, Shapes, Potentials.
No full textViele gesellschaftliche Problemlagen stellen sich als so komplex und vielschichtig dar, dass zu ihrer Bearbeitung eine Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Akteure in kollaborativen Policy-Netzwerken notwendig ist. Dies ist auch bei der Bekämpfung der (Langzeit-)Arbeitslosigkeit der Fall. Die Untersuchung von zwanzig lokalen Netzwerken im Politikfeld Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende liefert Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Netzwerkeigenschaften und den arbeitmarktlichen Rahmenbedingungen: So finden sich in Kommunen mit eher schwieriger Arbeitsmarktlage tendenziell stabilere, größere und heterogenere Netzwerke. Dies kann als Hinweis darauf gewertet werden, dass sich der Träger der Grundsicherung von Netzwerken mit diesen Eigenschaften eine verstärkte Unterstützung seiner Arbeit verspricht. Darauf deutet auch die Auswertung eines größeren, wenn auch weniger detaillierten Datensatzes hin, nach der ein positiver Zusammenhang besteht zwischen der Akteursheterogenität und den Ergebnissen der Arbeit des Grundsicherungsträgers. Allerdings ist eine abschließende Bewertung der Kausalität dieses Zusammenhangs nicht möglich.Social policy problems such as long-term unemployment tend to be of a complex and multidimensional nature. They cannot be tackled, let alone solved by one single actor, but need the cooperation of a variety of actors in policy networks. The in depth analysis of 20 policy networks of local German unemployment agencies shows a relationship between network characteristics labour market conditions: In a difficult labour market environment, the policy networks tend to be larger, more stable and more heterogeneous. This could indicate that the labour market agency expects networks with these features to facilitate its work and to improve its results. This interpretation is further supported by an analysis of a larger, albeit less detailed data set of similar networks. Based on this data, it can be shown that there is a significantly positive relationship between network heterogeneity and the success of the labour market agency. However, a final conclusion about the causal effect cannot be drawn
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The combined employment effects of minimum wages and labor market regulation: A meta-analysis
Full text linkThis paper provides a meta-analysis of 55 empirical studies estimating the employment effects of minimum wages in 15 industrial countries. It strongly confirms the notion that the effects of minimum wages are heterogeneous between countries. As possible sources of heterogeneity, it considers the benefit replacement ratio, employment protection and the collective bargaining system. While the results are in line with theoretical expectations, the degree to which they are robust differs across these institutions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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