1,721,082 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence of primary and secondary proteases produced by free or immobilized cells of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on lignin peroxidase activity
No full textInternational audienc
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Production of aryl metabolites in solid-state fermentations of the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta
No full textInternational audienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Do smear-ripened cheese microflora survive to digestive stress and can it have immunomodulatory properties?
No full textL’industrie agroalimentaire utilise une grande diversité de micro-organismes lors de la fabrication d’aliments fermentés tels que le fromage. La plupart de ces micro-organismes sont vivants lors de leur ingestion. En partant de ce constat, notre travail a eu pour objectif d’étudier la réponse au stress digestif de micro-organismes issus du microbiote de fromage à pâte molle ainsi que de caractériser leur potentiel immunomodulateur.La première partie de ce travail a consisté à investiguer la résistance au stress digestif d'une sélection de 35 micro-organismes (bactéries, levures et un champignon filamenteux). Pour cela, nous avons conçu une méthode de digestion in vitro en trois étapes consistant en une exposition aux stress rencontrés respectivement dans (i) l’estomac, (ii) le duodenum, (iii) l’estomac puis le duodénum. Dans le même temps, nous avons déterminé le potentiel immunomodulateur in vitro de ces micro-organismes en utilisant des PBMCs. Les résultats ont montré une forte résistance aux stress digestifs in vitro de la part des levures. Les bactéries ont donné des résultats plus contrastés. Les profils PBMCs ont donné les levures comme plutôt anti-inflammatoires (à l’exception d’une espèce) tandis que les bactéries ont répondu de manière plus contrastée avec des profils parfois différents au sein d’une même espèce.La seconde partie des travaux a permis de développer le Digesteur Dynamique Gastro-Intestinal (DIDGI) et à utiliser une sélection réduite de micro-organismes pour aborder l’influence de leur croissance en condition d’affinage sur leur capacité à résister au stress digestif. Dans le même temps, nous avons évalué la résistance à la digestion de ce même microbiote in vivo (modèle murin). La croissance en fromage a eu une incidence sur certaines bactéries et levures quant à leur capacité à survivre aux expérimentations DIDGI. Une part importante des micro-organismes utilisés a conservé sa viabilité après ingestion par des souris.La troisième partie de ce travail a consisté à (i) fabriquer deux fromages dont les microbiotes possédaient, a priori, des profils immunomodulateurs opposés puis à (ii) nourrir des souris auxquelles nous avions provoqué deux types de colites. Dans le premier modèle, les symptômes ont été (en tendance) légèrement exacerbés, quel que soit le profil immunomodulateur du fromage. Dans le second modèle, le fromage "pro-inflammatoire" a significativement aggravé les symptômes de la colite.La quatrième et dernière partie des travaux a consisté à caractériser la réponse moléculaire d’une bactérie à Gram-positif et d’une bactérie à Gram-négatif. Pour cela, le même type d’approche "stress digestif batch" que dans la première partie de la thèse, a été retenue, couplée à une analyse du transcriptome après séquençage RNAseq. Les résultats ont montré que les deux bactéries pouvaient sur-réguler ou sous-réguler une part importante de leur métabolisme. D’après cette analyse préliminaire, nous avons identifié des mécanismes communs aux deux bactéries ainsi qu’un certain nombre de réponses semblant plus spécifiques au sein de chacune des deux espèces.Worldwide, the Food Industry uses a broad range of microorganisms while making fermented products, like cheese, most of microorganisms being alive when the food is consumed. Our work aimed at studying the digestive stress response of the surface-ripened cheese microflora and at characterizing their potential immunomodulative properties.In the first part of this work, we investigated the resistance to digestive stress of a selection of 35 microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and one fungus). We designed a three-step in vitro digestive batch experiment mimicking stresses encountered in (i) the stomach, (ii) the duodenum, (iii) the stomach followed by the duodenum. Alongside, we determined in vitro the microorganisms immunomodulating properties using PBMCs. Batch stress experiments results showed a strong resistance of yeasts to both gastric and duodenal stresses. Bacteria results were more contrasted. PBMCs profiles showed an overall anti-inflammatory response for yeasts (with the exception of one species) while bacteria profiles were fairly different, with both pro- and anti-inflammatory profiles among the same species.The second part of the work consisted in developing a Dynamic Gastro-Intestinal Digestive system (DIDGI) and to experiment on a reduced selection of microorganisms and to assess the influence of the growth under real ripening conditions on the ability of microorganisms to withstand digestive stress. Alongside, we tracked the microorganisms’ ability to survive the mouse digestive tract. Some microorganisms grown in cheeses showed fairly different responses during DIDGI experiments compared to lab-cultured microorganisms. A significant part of microorganisms was able to survive the digestive tract of mice.The third part of the work dealt with the microbial ecosystems' influence on the host's immune responses by (i) designing experimental smear-ripened cheeses with mix of microorganisms that had rather pro- or rather anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory profils and (ii) fed the ripened cheeses to mice with standardized microbiota. The effect of cheeses consumption on two different models of acute colitis was investigated. Results showed that both cheeses tend to exacerbate the symptoms in one of the colitis model and that the “pro-inflammatory” cheese significantly aggravated the symptoms of the second model of colitis.The fourth and last part of the work consisted in characterizing the molecular response to a similar in vitro batch digestive stress used in the first part of the work. Therefore, we selected a Gram-positive bacterium and a Gram-negative bacterium and used RNAseq for transcriptome analysis. A preliminary analysis of the results showed that both organisms were able to up- or down-regulate a major part of their metabolism, using both similar mechanisms and specific response per bacterium
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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