26 research outputs found
( REFORMASI HUKUM ) JURNAL MIMBAR ILMIAH HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM JAKARTA ( vol. VI. no 2. JULI _ DESEMBER 2003
No full textPROSPEK PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Get PDFTulisan ini membahas masalah perbankan yang merupakan bagian dari kajian fiqhi muamalah yaitu suatu hal yang mengatur hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya baik dari segi hukum, ketertiban, dan keadaan secara perorangan maupun pemasyarakatan, antara lain hukum kekeluargaan. hukum sipil, hukum perdata ketatanegaraan, hukum internasional dan hukum ekonomi (mengatur hak-hak seorang pekerja dan orang yang mempekerjakannya serta mengatur sumber keuangan negara dan pendistribusiannya bagi kepentingan dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Dalam ekonomi Islam etika dalam ekonomi menjadi pegangan dalam kegiatan ekonomi dan berjalan sesuai prinsip-prinsip, kodrat dan aturan hukum yang ada. Prinsip-prinsip itu, yaitu, antara lain, prinsip otonomi. Dalam prinsip ekonomi Islam juga terdapat ketentuan bahwa dalam melakukan suatu bidang usaha (muamalah) harus selalu diwarnai dengan nilai-nilai hukum, sebab dari sanalah awalnya sah dan tidaknya suatu transaksi yang dibolehkan dalam ajaran agama. Seluruh transaksi yang terjadi boleh mengandung unsur yang haram dan harus dijauhi, sebab sangsinya adalah dosa (neraka) yang jelas-jelas dapat merugikan diri dan masyarakat. Dengan demikian perlu adanya etika dan prinsip dalam melakukan kegiatan ekonomi ekonomi dalam masyarakat, baik dalam tataran individual maupun bermasyarakat dan bernegara.ABSTRACTThis article will explore the issue of banking as one of fiqhi muamalah subjects. Fiqhi muamalah may cover regulations on human relation within the subjects of laws, regulations and condition of both individuals and societies, which may include family laws, civil laws, national laws, international laws, economic laws and many others, which are related to the needs and welfare of the society. In Islamic economics, ethics plays a significant role and has to be taken into account on every economic activity, and be based on Islamic principles and legal rules. One of the principles is autonomy. In Islamic economic principle, it is also outlined that all economical activities has to be based on the values of Islamic laws, because they are the main sources to decide whether or not such an economical activity is legalized and allowed. It is also in this principle that all transactions should not contain forbidden (haram) ingredients. If that happens, the transactions have to be avoided because it is believed to be evil and harmful to the self and the community. Any one happens to get involved in such a transaction, may be treated as a sinner. Thus, there is a need to the approved ethics and principles in doing economic activities for the sake of both individuals and societies.
ETHICS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN THE PERSFEKTIF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS LAW
No full textEthics, the value of which is sourced from the primary source of Islamic teachings inthe formation of the principles of Islamic banking in the legal system of Islamic economy. Theprinciple has been terekonstrumsi into the principle of a unified whole and undivided oneunified principle which has the same meaning and effect of all time. The two are inseparableand mutually binding becomes reference in carrying out the charitable effort (muamalah). Allactivity in the economy, including banking should always be in accordance with the principlesof Islamic teachings so as to avoid a banking practice that is full of violations of Islamic valuesand norms. The enforcement principle – the principle of Islamic banking Shariah Islamic lawin the dinormakan economy meant is to mengkonsistensikan the Islamic teachings with thepractice of the banking terkaontaminasi with other systems are generally incompatible with theethics and principles of Islam. Islam offers concept to humanity which is sourced from theQur'an and Sunnah in terms of conducting relationships or transactions with other persons,including in the field of finance as manisfestasi of Islamic teachings in the field of banking.Ethics, values and principles into the source and reference in formulating norms of Islamic lawgoverning the legal relationship in banking issues. All financial transactions in banking shouldbe subject to the legal norms of islam and every muslim needs to take hatian and not get caughtup in the banking system that are not kosher (usury and subhat) so that the existence of theIslamic banking is getting solid growth and strong for the benefit of mankind
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah Pada Transaksi Murabahah Pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) Cabang Palu dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Get PDFPenelitian ini membahas tentang Strategi Penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada Transaksi Murabahah di PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) cabang Palu Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Analisis data dengan mereduksi data, penyajian dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, pembiayaan bermasalah pada transaksi murabahah di Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) cabang Palu, faktor utama permasalahan dalam transaksi Murabahah adalah Faktor Internaldan Eksternal. Namun setelah disusun strategi penanganan pembiayaan bermasalah pada transaksi Murabahah, permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dan sudah berjalan dengan efektif. Dilihat dari tinjauan perspektif ekonomi syariah pelaksanaan kegiatan pembiayaan Murabahah di BMI Cabang Palu sesuai peraturan dari Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Adapun saran dari Peneliti yakni BMI cabang Palu Lebih mengembangkan produk pembiayaan Murabahah, agar tidak hanya sebatas pembiayaan tanah dan bangunan saja
Lex Superior Versus Lex Inferior: Selection Between Social Norms and Applicable Legal Norms
No full textHuman life cannot separate from social norms that become a benchmark for behavior. Social norms have validity and power applicable to legal subjects. In addition to human social norms, it is also bound by legal norms, which also have validity and power applicable to legal subjects. Types of research methods used are normative legal research focusing on positive legal norms in the form of legislation, namely by reviewing the laws and regulations governing the registration of arbitration decisions to realize legal certainty for the parties while empirically is to see the reality directly occur in the field. In such situations, it will be able to arrive at one meeting point, namely social norms with legal norms in the same position. The choice of personal priority will take only one norm in this paper called Lex superior versus Lex inferior. Norms with a superior Lex position will face with inferior Lex norms, which in turn are only one social norm that will fulfill both in the position of superior Lex and inferior Lex. Humans only choose one social norm that believed and expected to fulfill their interests and demands (material and spiritual). Consequently, logically from this position, humans will be trapped in the struggle of the superior Lex norm with Lex inferior in a continuous and alternating manner throughout their lives. Inharmonious and disharmonic interactions, often people trapped in a pattern of logical relationships that are diverse and alternating both constructive, contrarian, and sub-alternative
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Transaksi Murabahah pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) Cabang Palu dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
No full textPenelitian ini membahas tentang Strategi Penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada Transaksi Murabahah di PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) cabang Palu Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Analisis data dengan mereduksi data, penyajian dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, pembiayaan bermasalah pada transaksi murabahah di Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) cabang Palu, faktor utama permasalahan dalam transaksi Murabahah adalah Faktor Internaldan Eksternal. Namun setelah disusun strategi penanganan pembiayaan bermasalah pada transaksi Murabahah, permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dan sudah berjalan dengan efektif. Dilihat dari tinjauan perspektif ekonomi syariah pelaksanaan kegiatan pembiayaan Murabahah di BMI Cabang Palu sesuai peraturan dari Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Adapun saran dari Peneliti yakni BMI cabang Palu Lebih mengembangkan produk pembiayaan Murabahah, agar tidak hanya sebatas pembiayaan tanah dan bangunan saja
PARADIGMA TAFSIR AL-MANAR
Get PDFAbstract: The essential of Al-Mana>r in the process of interpretation become its interpretation phenomenal. Many names were given indistinguishing al-Mana>r style such al-manhaj al-ijtima>y, al-laun al-adaby al-ijtima>’y and so forth. The writer elaborates the paradigm that used by al-mana>r’s author to investigate the reasons in giving various naming. As the result, those naming are understandable. This article investigated al-Mana>r paradigm into three perspectives. First, interpretation means an earnest effort which implemented to decide some cases which are not discussed in Qur’an and hadist. In consequence, human taught becomes an important aspect in interpreting. Second, all the effort is an attempt to make the interpretation of Qur’an as guidance (hida>yah). Then third, interpretation effort is an attempt to make Qur'an readers happiness in this world and in the hereafter. Al-Mana>r has inspired various interpreting works. Therefore, Al-Mana>r refers to the social interpreting (al-madrasah al-'aqliyah al-ijtima>'iyyah). Al-Mana>r paradigm can be categorized as rational paradigm because it puts sense in the important position. Muh}ammad 'Abduh argues that, "Logic is the main principal of Islam. Logical thinking in Islam means a prelude to the true faith” and “Reasoning becomes priority when a literal understanding and logical reasoning clash.” Keywords: Paradigm, Help, Happiness, al-Madrasah.</jats:p
The role of value of information in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning for optimal decision-making under uncertainty
No full textTo preserve structural safety of deteriorating engineering systems through optimal maintenance, it is imperative to efficiently integrate structural health information with decision-making optimization frameworks. Although there may be abundance of available data, these are often uncertain and incomplete. In addition, joint inspection and maintenance (I&M) optimization is inherently complex due to high-dimensional state and action spaces, stochastic objectives, long planning horizons, and various constraints, among others. As shown recently, these computational challenges can be effectively addressed through optimization principles of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) and constrained Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The POMDP framework provides a way of updating the decision-maker's perception about the system state by naturally incorporating the Value of Information (VoI) in the optimality equations. As such, optimal observation-gathering actions are those which guide maintenance decisions towards reduced life-cycle costs and risks. The role of VoI in DRL-driven I&M has also been shown to be central to the formation of policy gradients, which are necessary to obtain the optimal I&M plan with deep learning actor-critic architectures. Leveraging this property, a recently devised DRL architecture is further examined in this work, consisting of fully decoupled 'maintainer' and 'inspector' actors, which allow for greater efficacy and interpretability in multi-agent DRL settings. Several numerical analyses are carried out to assess the performance of the relevant architectures on stochastic systems with a varying number of components, multiple maintenance-inspection actions per component, and system-level failure risks.Architectural Technolog
