427 research outputs found
blackwater lake stream morphology
No full textHere we provide the data table required to recreate Figure 1 from Bolnick and Otto, "The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal," published in Ecology and Evolution. The data table presents clinical data of threespine stickleback across a lake-stream interface, demonstrating remarkably abrupt transition in phenotype between these habitats. The data comes from samples collected and measured as described in Bolnick,D.I. L. Snowberg, C. Patenia, O. L. Lau, W. E. Stutz, and T. Ingram. 2009. Phenotype-dependent native habitat preference facilitates divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. Evolution 63:2004-2016. However, the analyses in the present figure 1 of Bolnick and Otto are a novel reanalysis of that prior data
Data from: The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal
No full textDispersal moves individuals from patches where their immediate ancestors were successful to sites where their genotypes are untested. As a result, dispersal generally reduces fitness, a phenomenon known as "migration load." The strength of migration load depends on the pattern of dispersal and can be dramatically lessened or reversed when individuals move preferentially toward patches conferring higher fitness. Evolutionary ecologists have long modeled nonrandom dispersal, focusing primarily on its effects on population density over space, the maintenance of genetic variation, and reproductive isolation. Here, we build upon previous work by calculating how the extent of local adaptation and the migration load are affected when individuals differ in their dispersal rate in a genotype-dependent manner that alters their match to their environment. Examining a one-locus, two-patch model, we show that local adaptation occurs through a combination of natural selection and adaptive dispersal. For a substantial portion of parameter space, adaptive dispersal can be the predominant force generating local adaptation. Furthermore, genetic load may be largely averted with adaptive dispersal whenever individuals move before selective deaths occur. Thus, to understand the mechanisms driving local adaptation, biologists must account for the extent and nature of nonrandom, genotype-dependent dispersal, and the potential for adaptation via spatial sorting of genotypes.blackwater lake stream morphologyHere we provide the data table required to recreate Figure 1 from Bolnick and Otto, "The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal," published in Ecology and Evolution. The data table presents clinical data of threespine stickleback across a lake-stream interface, demonstrating remarkably abrupt transition in phenotype between these habitats. The data comes from samples collected and measured as described in Bolnick,D.I. L. Snowberg, C. Patenia, O. L. Lau, W. E. Stutz, and T. Ingram. 2009. Phenotype-dependent native habitat preference facilitates divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. Evolution 63:2004-2016. However, the analyses in the present figure 1 of Bolnick and Otto are a novel reanalysis of that prior data
Soviet Ukrainization in the autobiography of D.I. Baghalia
No full textThe article analyzes the part of "Autobiography" of D.I. Bagaliya, devoted to Soviet Ukrainization. Selected reflections of the author on the active participation of the historian in the scientific, educational and cultural life of the USSR in the 1920s - early 1930s
PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN BIAYA JARINGAN IRIGASI D.I WARUNGKIARA
Get PDFOne of the functions of irrigation is as a means of water resources that have an important role. One of the roles of irrigation in the utilization of water resources is to regulate the supply of agricultural land needs. One of the irrigation areas that is a resource for the community is D.I Warungkiara. In the current condition, the irrigation network of D.I Warungkiara which is not functioning properly has an impact and disrupts the sustainability of people\u27s lives because water, which is a basic need, does not get optimally. This is because the management system and irrigation network are problematic. Therefore, the author aims to analyze the costs of AKNOP by identifying the problem first in the field with the initial stages of minimizing the impact that occurred in D.I Warungkiara. This research will be carried out using the AKNOP method, namely by making observations or observations in the field and planning a budget for the operation and maintenance. The data that has been observed will be used as an inventory database for irrigation networks to analyze damage to irrigation networks and calculate the overall cost. Based on the results of research that has been carried out at D.I Warungkiara there are several problems that exist in existing buildings such as cracks in masonry, destroyed spillway buildings but many buildings are still in good condition and only need routine maintenance. The AKNOP budget that has been analyzed has a value of 1,457,594,592 Rupiah which includes the management costs for the implementation of operations and maintenance, as well as irrigation operations and maintenance of surface irrigation networks
Analisis Dampak Tenaga Pendidik, Tenaga Kesehatan, dan Bantuan Sosial terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta Tahun 2016-2020
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of government spending on education, health, and social sectors on the human development index in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta. This type of research is quantitative with secondary data. While the location of this research is in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, the data used in this study is the Human Development Index (IPM), Number of Health Workers, Number of Educators, and Total Social Assistance Funds observed for 5 years (2016-2020). The results of this study indicate that teaching staff and social assistance have a positive effect on the Human Development Index in Prov. D.I. Yogyakarta during 2016-2020. Meanwhile, health workers have no effect on the Human Development Index in Prov. IN. Yogyakarta during 2016-2020. The suggestion given by the author is that the district/city government of D.I. Yogyakarta pays more attention to government spending on the health sector so that it can affect the Human Development Index
Non-random gene flow: An underappreciated force in evolution and ecology
No full textDispersal is an important life-history trait involved in species persistence, evolution, and diversification, yet is one of the least understood concepts in ecology and evolutionary biology. There is a growing realization that dispersal might not involve the random sample of genotypes as is typically assumed, but instead can be enriched for certain genotypes. Here, we review and compare various sources of such non-random gene flow, and summarize its effects on local adaptation and resource use, metapopulation dynamics, adaptation to climate change, biological invasion, and speciation. Given the possible ubiquity and impacts of non-random gene flow, there is an urgent need for the fields of evolution and ecology to test for non-random gene flow and to more fully incorporate its effects into theory. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe
Using δ13c Stable Isotopes To Quantify Individual-level Diet Variation
No full textIndividual-level diet variation can be easily quantified by gut-content analysis. However, because gut contents are a 'snapshot' of individuals' feeding habits, such cross-sectional data can be subject to sampling error and lead one to overestimate levels of diet variation. In contrast, stable isotopes reflect an individual's long-term diet, so isotope variation among individuals can be interpreted as diet variation. Nevertheless, population isotope variances alone cannot be directly compared among populations, because they depend on both the level of diet variation and the variance of prey isotope ratios. We developed a method to convert population isotope variances into a standardized index of individual specialization (WIC/TNW) that can be compared among populations, or to gut-content variation. We applied this method to diet and carbon isotope data of four species of frogs of the Brazilian savannah. 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Network analysis reveals contrasting effects of intraspecific competition on individual versus population diets
No full textOptimal foraging theory predicts that individuals should become more opportunistic when intraspecific competition is high and preferred resources are scarce. This density-dependent diet shift should result in increased diet breadth for individuals as they add previously unused prey to their repertoire. As a result, the niche breadth of the population as a whole should increase. In a recent study, R. Svanback and D. I. Bolnick confirmed that intraspecific competition led to increased population diet breadth in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). However, individual diet breadth did not expand as resource levels declined. Here, we present a new method based on complex network theory that moves beyond a simple measure of diet breadth, and we use the method to reexamine the stickleback experiment. This method reveals that the population as a whole added new types of prey as stickleback density was increased. However, whereas foraging theory predicts that niche expansion is achieved by individuals accepting new prey in addition to previously preferred prey, we found that a subset of individuals ceased to use their previously preferred prey, even though other members of their population continued to specialize on the original prey types. As a result, populations were subdivided into groups of ecologically similar individuals, with diet variation among groups reflecting phenotype-dependent changes in foraging behavior as prey density declined. These results are consistent with foraging theory if we assume that quantitative trait variation among consumers affects prey preferences, and if cognitive constraints prevent individuals from continuing to use their formerly preferred prey while adding new prey.</p
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