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Urbanity: looking into the discourse of researchers
No full textInternational audience“Urbanity” has become a “fuzzy/unclear concept” (Bourdin, 2010) which is even polysemous in the discourses of researchers in urban studies. I have undertaken, in my PhD, a series of interviews with researchers in order to try to understand and to deconstruct the discourse about urbanity, aiming to surpass a classical and limited bibliographic approach. This series of interviews was held with geographers, urban sociologists, psychologists, architects and urban planners. Urban studies, today, require an interdisciplinary approach, which is especially the case with such a difficult concept like urbanity. This additional methodological approach helps us understand this polysemous terms and the paradigms underlying the concept of urbanity, so as to recognize the different theoretical approaches suggested by the researchers about this topic.At the crossroads of these approaches, this article proposes a theoretical typology to understand meanings of urbanity in the contemporary urban studies. It identifies four ways to tackle urbanity: Urbanity considered above all as an interaction; urbanity thought as an interaction in situation; urbanity thought in a critical and relative approach and urbanity as a key to reading contemporary urban realities. This categorization is not based on an existing line of thought but on specific ways to handle the topic of urbanity
Au-delà de l’urbanité : une approche géopsychologique du sentiment d’urbanité
No full textRegarding the process of metropolisation and densification of urban areas, what sense should urbanity have from individuals’ point of view ? This PhD dissertation proposes a framework based on the individual dimension of relationships with the city. We focus on what we define as the « sense of urbanity », namely the emotional and cognitive state of an individual characterizing his relationship to urban spaces and/or the city. This state is variable and relative according to individuals components : individual urban practices, past residential journeys, space capital and individual representations of the city. In order to understand how this sense of urbanity is built at the individual scale, we opted for a two-step methodology based on commented photo trails and on an online questionnaire. This work highlights three levels in the way that individuals build their sense of urbanity : a collective level widely shared by individuals, a social level related to the social group (social belonging, generational belonging) and a level based on the individual experiences of the city. Through a comprehensive approach, this PhD dissertation proposes to compare established categories (city, urban) to the living word in order to build definitions and theoretical categories enriched with lived or perceived individual realities. This also comes down to answering the question what is urban in a fragmented urban world?Face au processus de métropolisation et de densification des espaces urbains quel sens donner à l’urbanité du point de vue des individus? Dans le cadre d’une thèse portant précisément sur cette dimension individuelle des rapports à la ville, nous nous concentrons sur ce que nous définissons comme le sentiment d’urbanité, défini comme un état affectif et cognitif d’un individu caractérisant son rapport aux espaces urbains et/ou à la ville. Cet état est variable et relatif selon des composantes variables selon les individus : les pratiques urbaines individuelles, les parcours résidentiels passés, le capital spatial et les représentations individuelles de la ville. Afin de chercher à comprendre comment ce sentiment d’urbanité se construit chez les individus, nous avons opté pour une méthodologie en deux temps. Un premier temps consacré à des parcours photos commentés, puis un second temps consacré à un questionnaire en ligne. Ce travail permet de mettre en avant trois principaux niveaux de construction du sentiment d’urbanité chez les individus. Un premier niveau collectif très largement partagé par les individus, un second niveau plutôt social et fonction du groupe social (appartenance sociale, appartenance générationnelle) et un troisième niveau individuel fonction des expériences individuelles de la ville. L’objectif de cette thèse est aussi, par une approche compréhensive, de chercher à confronter des catégories établies (ville, urbain) à la parole habitante pour parvenir à bâtir des définitions et des catégories théoriques enrichies de réalités individuelles vécues ou perçues. Ce qui revient aussi à répondre à la question qu’est-ce qu’être urbain dans un monde urbain diffus
Urbanity: looking into the discourse of researchers
No full textInternational audience“Urbanity” has become a “fuzzy/unclear concept” (Bourdin, 2010) which is even polysemous in the discourses of researchers in urban studies. I have undertaken, in my PhD, a series of interviews with researchers in order to try to understand and to deconstruct the discourse about urbanity, aiming to surpass a classical and limited bibliographic approach. This series of interviews was held with geographers, urban sociologists, psychologists, architects and urban planners. Urban studies, today, require an interdisciplinary approach, which is especially the case with such a difficult concept like urbanity. This additional methodological approach helps us understand this polysemous terms and the paradigms underlying the concept of urbanity, so as to recognize the different theoretical approaches suggested by the researchers about this topic.At the crossroads of these approaches, this article proposes a theoretical typology to understand meanings of urbanity in the contemporary urban studies. It identifies four ways to tackle urbanity: Urbanity considered above all as an interaction; urbanity thought as an interaction in situation; urbanity thought in a critical and relative approach and urbanity as a key to reading contemporary urban realities. This categorization is not based on an existing line of thought but on specific ways to handle the topic of urbanity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Ambiance Change Triggers in an Urban Context
No full textInternational audienceThis paper focuses on the issue of ambiance change indicators. A series of guided photo tours was carried out in Nantes (West of France). During this guided tour, inhabitants had to identify the changes in ambiance that they are experiencing. We aim to analyze the indicators that trigger a change of ambiance in an urban environment connected to the density or diversity dimensions that characterize the urban environment. The results show that three levels of understanding of urban environments can be identified: a first level shared by all, a second one shared by social groups, and a last one related to the individual. These three-levels of the inhabitants’ definition of urban ambiance anchors enable us to question participation in urban planning
Beyond urbanity : a geopsychological approach of sense of urbanity
No full textFace au processus de métropolisation et de densification des espaces urbains quel sens donner à l’urbanité du point de vue des individus? Dans le cadre d’une thèse portant précisément sur cette dimension individuelle des rapports à la ville, nous nous concentrons sur ce que nous définissons comme le sentiment d’urbanité, défini comme un état affectif et cognitif d’un individu caractérisant son rapport aux espaces urbains et/ou à la ville. Cet état est variable et relatif selon des composantes variables selon les individus : les pratiques urbaines individuelles, les parcours résidentiels passés, le capital spatial et les représentations individuelles de la ville. Afin de chercher à comprendre comment ce sentiment d’urbanité se construit chez les individus, nous avons opté pour une méthodologie en deux temps. Un premier temps consacré à des parcours photos commentés, puis un second temps consacré à un questionnaire en ligne. Ce travail permet de mettre en avant trois principaux niveaux de construction du sentiment d’urbanité chez les individus. Un premier niveau collectif très largement partagé par les individus, un second niveau plutôt social et fonction du groupe social (appartenance sociale, appartenance générationnelle) et un troisième niveau individuel fonction des expériences individuelles de la ville. L’objectif de cette thèse est aussi, par une approche compréhensive, de chercher à confronter des catégories établies (ville, urbain) à la parole habitante pour parvenir à bâtir des définitions et des catégories théoriques enrichies de réalités individuelles vécues ou perçues. Ce qui revient aussi à répondre à la question qu’est-ce qu’être urbain dans un monde urbain diffus ?Regarding the process of metropolisation and densification of urban areas, what sense should urbanity have from individuals’ point of view ? This PhD dissertation proposes a framework based on the individual dimension of relationships with the city. We focus on what we define as the « sense of urbanity », namely the emotional and cognitive state of an individual characterizing his relationship to urban spaces and/or the city. This state is variable and relative according to individuals components : individual urban practices, past residential journeys, space capital and individual representations of the city. In order to understand how this sense of urbanity is built at the individual scale, we opted for a two-step methodology based on commented photo trails and on an online questionnaire. This work highlights three levels in the way that individuals build their sense of urbanity : a collective level widely shared by individuals, a social level related to the social group (social belonging, generational belonging) and a level based on the individual experiences of the city. Through a comprehensive approach, this PhD dissertation proposes to compare established categories (city, urban) to the living word in order to build definitions and theoretical categories enriched with lived or perceived individual realities. This also comes down to answering the question what is urban in a fragmented urban world
Au-delà de l’urbanité : une approche géopsychologique du sentiment d’urbanité
No full textRegarding the process of metropolisation and densification of urban areas, what sense should urbanity have from individuals’ point of view ? This PhD dissertation proposes a framework based on the individual dimension of relationships with the city. We focus on what we define as the « sense of urbanity », namely the emotional and cognitive state of an individual characterizing his relationship to urban spaces and/or the city. This state is variable and relative according to individuals components : individual urban practices, past residential journeys, space capital and individual representations of the city. In order to understand how this sense of urbanity is built at the individual scale, we opted for a two-step methodology based on commented photo trails and on an online questionnaire. This work highlights three levels in the way that individuals build their sense of urbanity : a collective level widely shared by individuals, a social level related to the social group (social belonging, generational belonging) and a level based on the individual experiences of the city. Through a comprehensive approach, this PhD dissertation proposes to compare established categories (city, urban) to the living word in order to build definitions and theoretical categories enriched with lived or perceived individual realities. This also comes down to answering the question what is urban in a fragmented urban world?Face au processus de métropolisation et de densification des espaces urbains quel sens donner à l’urbanité du point de vue des individus? Dans le cadre d’une thèse portant précisément sur cette dimension individuelle des rapports à la ville, nous nous concentrons sur ce que nous définissons comme le sentiment d’urbanité, défini comme un état affectif et cognitif d’un individu caractérisant son rapport aux espaces urbains et/ou à la ville. Cet état est variable et relatif selon des composantes variables selon les individus : les pratiques urbaines individuelles, les parcours résidentiels passés, le capital spatial et les représentations individuelles de la ville. Afin de chercher à comprendre comment ce sentiment d’urbanité se construit chez les individus, nous avons opté pour une méthodologie en deux temps. Un premier temps consacré à des parcours photos commentés, puis un second temps consacré à un questionnaire en ligne. Ce travail permet de mettre en avant trois principaux niveaux de construction du sentiment d’urbanité chez les individus. Un premier niveau collectif très largement partagé par les individus, un second niveau plutôt social et fonction du groupe social (appartenance sociale, appartenance générationnelle) et un troisième niveau individuel fonction des expériences individuelles de la ville. L’objectif de cette thèse est aussi, par une approche compréhensive, de chercher à confronter des catégories établies (ville, urbain) à la parole habitante pour parvenir à bâtir des définitions et des catégories théoriques enrichies de réalités individuelles vécues ou perçues. Ce qui revient aussi à répondre à la question qu’est-ce qu’être urbain dans un monde urbain diffus
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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