1,720,973 research outputs found
Toujou radyo: the digital extensions of Haitian music broadcasting
Get PDF“Radio” is a hard word to pin down. It refers to a physical device with certain properties— perhaps a dial and antenna—but also to a whole world of sonic communication: newscasts, call- in shows, police dispatches, music streaming services— media that can be transmitted in any number of ways, on any number of devices. This dissertation focuses on Haitian music broadcasting as a social practice, meaning the programming formats, aesthetic conventions and listener experiences that make this particular medium function. I then trace those practices from Haiti’s terrestrial airwaves, out to the many digital media platforms that are ubiquitous in Haiti and Haitian-American communities today, arguing that there is a clear line of continuity across these various forms of radio. In doing so, this research offers a possible model for understanding the so-called 'digital revolution' of which we are all part, with the distinction that this model is rooted in media practices of the Global South. The four case studies that form the body of this dissertation are each framed around the specificity of Haitian radio—for both its producers and listeners—and progress outwards from the medium’s terrestrial roots, to its farthest digital extensions. Chapter One introduces some of the program formats and hosting techniques heard commonly on Haiti’s airwaves, with a special focus on the art of ‘animation,’ by which broadcasters bring music to life through verbal commentary. Chapter Two provides a deeper history of broadcasting in Haiti and the Caribbean, arguing that radio in the region has been transnational in scope from its earliest applications. In Chapter Three the focus shifts to the United States, and to the specific regulatory, social and geographic dynamics that have informed the development of radio broadcasting among Haitian immigrants here. Finally, Chapter Four tells the stories of two musicians who have themselves taken on many of the roles and practices of broadcasters, as an opportunity for comparative analysis. Each case study considers how a diverse range of practices and technologies can be understood as still radio—toujou radyo—while investigating the musical consequences and social impact of these digital extensions
Music, real abstraction, and growth in the Black Atlantic
No full text2024This dissertation argues that reconsidering the history of music and modernity from the point of view of Africa and its diaspora calls for a new approach to the music concept. Breaking with the ethno/musicological orthodoxy that “there is no such thing as music,” it instead draws on recent critical theory to argue that, under global modernity, “Music” exists as a “real abstraction”—one that has exhibited a startling tendency toward ceaseless growth. The argument unfolds through four case studies that show how this Music’s growth has been sustained by repeated accumulation of African and Black musics, which have been framed paradoxically as both its quintessence and antithesis. Chapter One considers the emergence of Music through early modern globalization; looking in particular at the circulation of African musics to the Iberian Peninsula, it draws on the work of Sylvia Wynter to demonstrate how the encounter of European and African musics gave rise to an abstract Music that was implicated in questions of the similarly new abstraction of the Human. Chapter Two offers an examination of Music’s growth by tracing how mixed-race musicians in the nineteenth-century Spanish Caribbean developed new forms of racially hybrid, “creolized” dance music through abstraction and how the pressures of racialization incorporated these new forms into Music. Chapter Three studies the work of Nigerian musical intellectuals in the decades around Nigeria’s political independence in 1960 as they reckoned with Music as a colonial legacy; these thinkers became champions of Music’s growth as they argued that postcolonial Nigeria could assume a leading position in the musical world by offering its traditional musics as a means for Music’s progress and expansion. Finally, Chapter Four listens to the hyper-referential sound of contemporary Afrobeats and observes the integration of its producers into the global music industry to ask if Music’s growth may be approaching—even exceeding—its limits
Sounding and musicking in the Carnaval de Barranquilla: perpetuating and challenging gender and sexuality normativities through performance
No full text2025This dissertation explores the mutual influence between gender and sexuality, music-making and sonic practices in the Carnaval de Barranquilla, the Carnaval Gay de Barranquilla, and the feminist collective Raras no tan Raras. I show that heteronormativity, macho attitudes, and homophobia are reified in music-making and sonic practices in Barranquilla and its carnival expressions. Nevertheless, I also argue that music-making and sonic practices can alter how gender and sexuality are experienced. Through ethnographical observations, I show how exclusion and gender roles can be transferred into music and sonic practices and how music and sound have helped women and LGTBIQ+ people in Barranquilla fight against these systems of oppression. In this way, this dissertation studies how gender and sexuality intersect one of the most important genres in the Carnaval de Barranquilla, Cumbia. Carnaval Gay de Barranquilla practitioners dance to cumbia by playing it in stereos or hiring millo ensembles. Contrarily, Raras no tan Raras play and compose their own music despite not being experienced musicians. In these two cases, I suggest that both forms of musicality can serve to reshape gender and sexuality relationality. To understand the interrelationality between music and sound, and gender and sexuality, I analyze three aspects of Barranquilla and its Carnival expressions: the normativities that govern gender and sexuality, the pre-subjective and subjective effects of music and sound, and the spontaneous and ephemeral relationships that emerge during performances. For this reason, the theoretical perspectives that serve to analyze such aspects are homonormativity (a recurring concept that offers some critical lenses to uncover the adaptations with which heteronormativity is perpetuated), music affect theory (the notion that sound and music are affective forces that have pre-subjective effects on people) and the social production of space (space not as a physical void waiting to be filled but as the product of relations between social entities).Ultimately, this dissertation posits that analyzing the interrelationality between gender and sexuality and music and sound offers different insights into how systems of oppression are perpetuated and how they can be challenged
Sounding the dead in Cambodia: cultivating ethics, generating wellbeing, and living with history through music and sound
Get PDFThis dissertation rethinks the ethics of history and trauma in post-genocide Cambodia by examining how Cambodians use a broad repertoire of sounded practices to form relations of mutual care with ancestors, dead teachers, deities, and other predecessors. At its root, the dissertation is the study of an ethical-religious-aesthetic system by which Cambodians recall predecessors’ legacies, care for the dead, and engage ancestors and deities as supportive co-presences. Traditional and popular musics, Buddhist chants and incantations, whispers, and the non-acoustic practice of “speaking in the heart” (niyāy knung citt) are among the primary sounded practices that Cambodians use to engage the dead. Parts One and Two detail those sounded practices and their social implications. I discuss how previous approaches have misinterpreted the nature and capacities of Cambodian music and other ritualized sounds through historicist, colonialist, and secular epistemologies, which cast those sounds as “culture” or “performance” and ignore their capacities as modes of ethics and exchange with the dead. Instead, by rethinking those sounded practices as Cambodian-Buddhist ethics and exchange, I examine how Cambodians fulfill an obligation to care for the ancestors who have supported themselves. I suggest fulfilling that obligation generates personal wellbeing and provides a new model for what living with history can sound like and feel like. Taken together, in Parts One and Two, I detail the non-linear temporalities, types of personhood, ethics, exchange with the dead, and the intergenerational mode of living with history that Cambodians bring into being through music and sound.
Part Three zooms further out to discuss how sounded relations with the dead have consequences for national and international politics, which leads to larger critiques of the Cambodian government’s politicization of Khmer Rouge remembrance and international humanitarian efforts that attempt to help Cambodians heal from trauma. Since at least the mid-1990s, a plurality of international activists, scholars, volunteers, and development workers have concluded that Cambodians perpetuate a silence about the Khmer Rouge era that furthers their traumatization. Most observers suggest that Cambodians need to provide public testimony about that violent past in order to heal. This dissertation contests those conclusions, following work in anthropology and trauma studies that problematizes the universalization of the Western psychotherapeutic notion of biomedical trauma and its treatments. I suggest that those calls for a testimonial voice presuppose historicist modes of remembrance and knowledge production that naturalize liberal Western models of personhood, citizenship, justice, wellness, and political agency. To move away from those models, I argue that Cambodian sounded and ritual practices generate what I term “modes of being historical” and “ways of living with history” that are intimate, familial, intergenerational, engage national pasts, and can be a mode of political action. Those “modes of being historical” include but are not limited to telling stories of others’ struggles and deaths. I illustrate how Cambodians have long used a multitude of sounded practices to engage the past, grapple with life’s difficulties, and care for themselves and their ancestors.
This dissertation posits that sound studies and ethnomusicology can further the emerging scholarly shifts toward the culturally specific ways people cope with difficult pasts. I propose a new approach to post-violence ethics and history by arguing for the decolonizing possibilities of emphasizing the modes of being historical, ethical relations of mutual care, and ontological entanglements with the dead that Cambodians generate through music and sound
Creatividades sonoras y rituales en las comunidades afrocolombianas de la zona cultural del Norte del Cauca y Sur del Valle del Cauca
No full textLa presente investigación doctoral documenta diversos aportes teóricos, epistemológicos y metodológicos de las humanidades en el estudio de la tradición musical de las comunidades afrocolombianas que conforman la zona cultural del norte del departamento del Cauca (Caloto, Santander de Quilichao, Buenos Aires, Puerto Tejada, Padilla, Villa Rica, Suárez, Guachené) y del sur del Valle del Cauca (Cali y Jamundí). Una de las inquietudes que se han ido resolviendo en el periplo de la historia afro es aquella relacionada con los saberes que portaban las culturas africanas. La pregunta que orienta este trabajo indaga: ¿Cuáles son las formas de creatividad presentes en los procesos de producción cultural de las prácticas sonoras que hacen parte de géneros musicales y rituales? ¿Y cuál ha sido la contribución de estas prácticas a la configuración de la cosmovisión y la afirmación de la identidad de los habitantes afros de la zona cultural del norte del Cauca y el sur del Valle del Cauca? En virtud de lo anterior, mi hipótesis inicial se sustenta en que las poblaciones afrocolombianas de esta región, desde los tiempos de la cruenta e inhumana esclavización a la que fueron sometidas, han desarrollado actividades creativas que se pueden estudiar a través de sus invenciones sonoras y rituales. En estas expresiones, tanto hombres como mujeres —con roles de género bien definidos— han integrado todos los componentes de su vida cotidiana, como la espiritualidad, la cocina, formas de producción y luchas sociales, en una música que les ha permitido pervivir a pesar de los cambios sociales, culturales y económicos.DoctoradoDOCTOR(A) EN HUMANIDADE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Social sound world : sonolectics of the sound irruptions associated with the violent acts that occurred in San Juan Nepomuceno between the years of 1998 to 2005
No full textLa tesis propone una sonoléctica (lectura sonoro-social) para la comprensión de las irrupciones sonoras asociadas a los actos violentos ocurridos en San Juan Nepomuceno entre los años de 1998 y 2005, época del recrudecimiento de la violencia paramilitar, por medio de una experiencia audible develada en un proceso de investigación-creación. También, se expone la aplicación de un modo sonoléctico a partir de la recolección y análisis de información que conlleva a la reflexión, la escritura y las creaciones sonoras. El recorrido teórico de la investigación consta de puentes comunicativos entre el sonido, las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas y su encuentro en lo sonoro-social. Soportado en las teorías metodologías del paisaje sonoro (Schafer M. , 1977), la acustemología de la violencia (Ochoa Gautier, 2006)(2014) y el mundo del arte (Becker, 2008). Por último, se presenta la materialización de las creaciones sonoras, compiladas en la obra Sonoléctica El Rugido del Malibú, compuesta por las 4 sonolécticas: 1) Sonogenia, 2) Un asesinato al aire, 3) Sonidos apagados y 4) El Rugido del Malibú, que fueron creadas en formato de creación sonora experimental guiada por un medio visual.Beca Bolívar gana conCiencia, Gobernación de Bolívar y la Fundación CEIBASanjuaneros/ Campesinos- Montes de María ColombiaThe thesis proposes a sonolectic (sound-social reading) for the understanding of the sound irruptions associated with the violent acts that occurred in San Juan Nepomuceno- Colombia between the years of 1998 and 2005, the time of the resurgence of paramilitary violence, through an audible experience. revealed in a process of research-creation. Also, the application of a sonolectic mode is exposed from the collection and analysis of information that leads to reflection, writing and sound creations. The theoretical path of the research consists of communicative bridges between sound, the Social and Human Sciences and their encounter in the sonorous-social. Supported in the methodological theories of the soundscape (Schafer M., 1977), the acoustemology of violence (Ochoa Gautier, 2006)(2014) and the world of art (Becker, 2008). Finally, the materialization of the sound creations is presented, compiled in the work Sonolectic El Roar of Malibu, composed of the 4 sonolectics: 1) Sonogeny, 2) A murder in the air, 3) Muted sounds and 4) El Roar of Malibu, which were created in the format of experimental sound creation guided by a visual medium.Doctor en Ciencias Sociales y HumanasDoctoradohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-372Xhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=000136831
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