1,721,198 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Attribution-emotion relationships in sporting contests
Full text linkAttribution theory has been a popular area for research insports psychology since the middle of the 1970s. However^much of this research has focused on the antecedents ofattributions with relatively little research on theconsequences of making attributions. It has been proposedin educational psychology that there are emotionalconsequences of making attributions for achievement. Thepresent research investigated attribution-emotionrelationships in the context of sporting achievementsusing one versus one sporting contests. Four studies wereconducted« two in laboratory settings and two in fieldsettings. Using self-report measures of attributions andemotions results suggested that attributions and emotionsin sporting contests are related. Winners tended to makeinternal attributions while losers tended to make internaland external attributions for outcome. But attributionsthat correlated with emotions were primarily internal forboth winners and losers. A similar pattern emerged when acomparison was made between players satisfied with theirperformance and those players dissatisfied with theirperformance. The importance subjects attached to winningthe contests was found to be a significant moderatingvariable in relationships between attributions andemotions. Some emotions were only correlated withattributions when it was important to win. These emotions were primarily esteem-related. Similarly, there was someevidence for losers using defences against certainemotions when they made particular attributions and whenit was important to win. Outcome importance was alsocorrelated mainly with negative rather than positiveemotions. Finally, in predicting emotion it was found thatthe strongest predictor was performance satisfaction.Attributions for performance were relatively weakpredictors of emotion and attributions for outcome weakerstill. It was concluded that attributions can be relatedto emotions, that the importance of the event can moderatethese relationships, and that attributions for outcome andperformance both need assessment in sport attributionstudies as they are likely to differ in their relationshipwith emotion. Implications for further research arediscussed
Psychological benefits of exercise and physical activity
No full textThis paper reviews contemporary literatura on the psychological benefits of regular involvement in physical activity and exercise. Despite methodological problems, the evidence points towards favourable effects for physical activity for reducing anxiety, depression and reactivity to stress, as well as enhancing aspects of self-esteem. However, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are still unresolved and future research is required on the motivational effects of affective changes from exercise.Este artículo revisa la literature contemporánea sobre los beneficios psicológicos de la práctica regular de actividad física y ejercicio. A pesar de los problemas metodológicos, la evidencia apunta a unos efectos favorables de la actividad física en la reducción de la ansiedad, depresión y reactividad al estrés, así como a una mejora de la autoestima. Sin embargo, todavía no se conocen bien los mecanismos subyacentes a tales efectos y se requiere una mayor investigación sobre los efectos motivacionales de los cambios afectivos derivados de la práctica del ejercicio físico
Psychological benefits of exercise and physical activity
No full textThis paper reviews contemporary literatura on the psychological benefits of regular involvement in physical activity and exercise. Despite methodological problems, the evidence points towards favourable effects for physical activity for reducing anxiety, depression and reactivity to stress, as well as enhancing aspects of self-esteem. However, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are still unresolved and future research is required on the motivational effects of affective changes from exercise.Este artículo revisa la literature contemporánea sobre los beneficios psicológicos de la práctica regular de actividad física y ejercicio. A pesar de los problemas metodológicos, la evidencia apunta a unos efectos favorables de la actividad física en la reducción de la ansiedad, depresión y reactividad al estrés, así como a una mejora de la autoestima. Sin embargo, todavía no se conocen bien los mecanismos subyacentes a tales efectos y se requiere una mayor investigación sobre los efectos motivacionales de los cambios afectivos derivados de la práctica del ejercicio físico
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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