1,720,973 research outputs found
Cultural dynamics, social mobility and urban segregation
No full textWe consider the relationship between cultural dynamics, urban segregation and inequality. To this end, we develop a model of neighbourhood formation and cultural transmission. The tension between culture preservation and socioeconomic integration drives the pattern of segregation in the city. We study the dynamics of culture and urban configurations. In the long run, the city may end-up segregated or integrated depending on cultural distance and the initial cultural composition of the population. We also show that segregation fosters the influence of family background on economic fate. Finally, segregation has ambiguous effects for long-run efficiency
The dynamics of environmental concern and the evolution of pollution
No full textWorking Paper SMART – LERECO N°13-09 13-09We develop an overlapping generations model within which the evolution of pollution and theformation of environmental concern are endogenous. On the one hand, peopleheterogeneously concerned with environmental issues contribute to pollution which is apublic bad. On the other hand, the transmission of environmental attitudes is the result ofsome economic choice which is affected by pollution. The model predicts that the long runproportion of environmentally concerned individuals will always be high. Though, dependingon the pollution-generating technology, the transition from a low-environmentally concernedsociety to a high-environmentally concerned one is accompanied by two different outcomesregarding the long run level of pollution. If the technology is “clean”, there is a stable steadystate level of pollution. However, if it is “dirty”, pollution experiences an unlimited growthwhich eventually causes an environmental disaster. This result captures some stylized factsregarding the joint evolution of environmental concern and pollution in developing nations. Inthe latter case, we show that intergenerational transfers from the older generation to the youngworking one restore the possibility to reach a stationary level of pollution.Nous développons un modèle à générations emboîtées dans lequel l’évolution de la pollutionet la formation de la préoccupation environnementale sont endogènes. D’un côté, despersonnes concernées de façon hétérogène par les questions environnementales participentvolontairement à la dépollution. D’un autre côté, la transmission des attitudes vis-à-vis del’environnement résulte d’un choix économique qui dépend lui-même de la pollution. Lemodèle prédit que la proportion à long terme d’individus préoccupés par l’environnement seraforte dans tous les cas. Cependant, selon la nature de la technologie qui génère la pollution, latransition d’une société peu préoccupée par l’environnement vers une société fortementpréoccupée par l’environnement s’accompagne de deux effets différents sur le niveau depollution à long terme. Si la technologie est « propre », on aboutit à un niveau d’équilibrestable de pollution. A l’inverse, si elle est « sale », la pollution connaît une croissanceillimitée qui finit par causer un désastre environnemental. Ce résultat reproduit les faitsstylisés observés quant à l’évolution conjointe de la préoccupation environnementale et lapollution dans les pays en développement. Dans le deuxième cas, nous montrons que destransferts intergénérationnels de la génération âgée vers la génération active jeune rétablissentla possibilité d’atteindre un état stationnaire de pollution
The economics of Green consumption, cultural transmission and sustainable technological change
No full textInternational audienceA model which formalizes the interplay between green consumer culture and sustainable technology is used to revisit the trade-off between economic growth and environmental preservation. The theory includes (i) green preferences formed through cultural transmission which involves rational socialization actions, (ii) innovation endogenously directed to sustainable or unsustainable sectors depending on culture through market size effects. The model captures an important feature of sustainable innovation processes which is the existence of path dependency. The approach allows to examine implications for both market-based instruments (i.e., environmental taxes) and non-monetary interventions (i.e., environmental education). The two types of policies are either complements or substitutes depending on the substitutability between clean and dirty goods. Finally, an important disregarded issue is examined: the political sustainability of environmental taxes
A cultural model of private provision and the environment
No full textThis paper analyses an overlapping generations model of environmental externalities and capital accumulation where private contributions to environmental quality are motivated by a desire to socialize others into environmental attitudes. In this framework, the formation of environmental preferences is the result of a cultural transmission process depending on the extent of private contributions. In the short run, we show that three equilibria may arise: a first one where all green agents contribute to the environment, a second one where nobody contributes to the environment and a third interior one. We show that the capital-accumulation process and the change in preferences that occur in this economy lead the interior equilibrium to be selected, in which some, but not all, green agents contribute to the environment. The model thus provides an economic rationale for the gap between the number of people who care about the environment and the number who adopt pro-environmental behaviours. We also show that the fraction of contributors rises with capital, so that we explain the negative relationship between this gap and country income. Last, we show that this gap is particularly detrimental for welfare, and analyse the impact of a number of public policie
Inégalités sociales et politiques environnementales
No full textA number of empirical studies have shown that culture matters for economic outcomes. Yet, the mechanisms through which culture affects economic variables are far less understood. I model cultural transmission and economic process as two interacting phenomenons by use of the micro-funded model of cultural transmission introduced in Bisin and Verdier (2001). This model combines purposeful transmission by parents and passive transmission by peers. Since the socialization decision by parents depends on a trade-off between some costs and benefits, socialization rates depend on other variables (e.g social composition of the population, prices, incomes). This is particularly well-suited to the study of co-movements of cultural, social and economic variables. I first apply this model to the study of capital-pollution accumulation. My model provides an economic rationale for the gap between the number of people who care about the environment (i.e. environmental attitudes) and the number who adopt pro-environmental behaviours as well as the negative relationship between this gap and countries' income. Second, I study interactions between cultural transmission of preferences for eco-friendly products and innovation in environmentally friendly sectors. I show the existence of a race between preferences and the technology which explains different stylized facts on "green" markets (i.e success of bioplastics, failure of electric cars). Finally, I develop a model where preferences for education and neighbourhood formation are endogenous. It allows me to study the relationship between intergenerational mobility and urban segregation. I show that the joint dynamics of segregation and distribution of traits in the whole population exhibits multiple history-dependent steady-states, that is, the initial rate of education in the society matters for the relationship between intergenerational social mobility urban segregation
The dynamics of environmental concern and the evolution of pollution
No full textWorking Paper SMART – LERECO N°13-09 13-09We develop an overlapping generations model within which the evolution of pollution and theformation of environmental concern are endogenous. On the one hand, peopleheterogeneously concerned with environmental issues contribute to pollution which is apublic bad. On the other hand, the transmission of environmental attitudes is the result ofsome economic choice which is affected by pollution. The model predicts that the long runproportion of environmentally concerned individuals will always be high. Though, dependingon the pollution-generating technology, the transition from a low-environmentally concernedsociety to a high-environmentally concerned one is accompanied by two different outcomesregarding the long run level of pollution. If the technology is “clean”, there is a stable steadystate level of pollution. However, if it is “dirty”, pollution experiences an unlimited growthwhich eventually causes an environmental disaster. This result captures some stylized factsregarding the joint evolution of environmental concern and pollution in developing nations. Inthe latter case, we show that intergenerational transfers from the older generation to the youngworking one restore the possibility to reach a stationary level of pollution.Nous développons un modèle à générations emboîtées dans lequel l’évolution de la pollutionet la formation de la préoccupation environnementale sont endogènes. D’un côté, despersonnes concernées de façon hétérogène par les questions environnementales participentvolontairement à la dépollution. D’un autre côté, la transmission des attitudes vis-à-vis del’environnement résulte d’un choix économique qui dépend lui-même de la pollution. Lemodèle prédit que la proportion à long terme d’individus préoccupés par l’environnement seraforte dans tous les cas. Cependant, selon la nature de la technologie qui génère la pollution, latransition d’une société peu préoccupée par l’environnement vers une société fortementpréoccupée par l’environnement s’accompagne de deux effets différents sur le niveau depollution à long terme. Si la technologie est « propre », on aboutit à un niveau d’équilibrestable de pollution. A l’inverse, si elle est « sale », la pollution connaît une croissanceillimitée qui finit par causer un désastre environnemental. Ce résultat reproduit les faitsstylisés observés quant à l’évolution conjointe de la préoccupation environnementale et lapollution dans les pays en développement. Dans le deuxième cas, nous montrons que destransferts intergénérationnels de la génération âgée vers la génération active jeune rétablissentla possibilité d’atteindre un état stationnaire de pollution
Cultural transmission and economic behaviours : an application to environmental issues and urban inequalities
No full textA number of empirical studies have shown that culture matters for economic outcomes. Yet, the mechanisms through which culture affects economic variables are far less understood. I model cultural transmission and economic process as two interacting phenomenons by use of the micro-funded model of cultural transmission introduced in Bisin and Verdier (2001). This model combines purposeful transmission by parents and passive transmission by peers. Socialization rates depend on socio-economic variables (e.g social composition of the population, prices, incomes) so that the model is particularly well-suited to the study of co-movements of cultural, social and economic variables. I first apply this model to the study of capital-pollution accumulation. My model provides an economic rationale for the gap between the number of people who care about the environment (i.e, environmental attitudes) and the number who adopt pro-environmental behaviours as well as the negative relationship between this gap and countries' income. Second, I study interactions between cultural transmission of preferences for eco-friendly products and innovation in environmentally friendly sectors. This model explains different stylized facts on clean sectors (e.g, success of bioplastics, failure of electric cars). Finally, I develop a model where preferences for education and neighbourhood formation are endogenous. It allows me to study the relationship between intergenerational mobility and urban segregation. The model predicts a non linear relationship between social mobility and urban segregation which depends on the rate of education in a given urban area. We discuss the efficiency of a number of public policies aiming at modfying the social composition of the neighborhood.(ECGE - Sciences économiques et de gestion) -- UCL, 201
The dynamics of environmental concern and the evolution of pollution
No full textWe develop an overlapping generations model within which the evolution of pollution and the
formation of environmental concern are endogenous. On the one hand, people
heterogeneously concerned with environmental issues contribute to pollution which is a
public bad. On the other hand, the transmission of environmental attitudes is the result of
some economic choice which is affected by pollution. The model predicts that the long run
proportion of environmentally concerned individuals will always be high. Though, depending
on the pollution-generating technology, the transition from a low-environmentally concerned
society to a high-environmentally concerned one is accompanied by two different outcomes
regarding the long run level of pollution. If the technology is “clean”, there is a stable steady
state level of pollution. However, if it is “dirty”, pollution experiences an unlimited growth
which eventually causes an environmental disaster. This result captures some stylized facts
regarding the joint evolution of environmental concern and pollution in developing nations. In
the latter case, we show that intergenerational transfers from the older generation to the young
working one restore the possibility to reach a stationary level of pollution.Nous développons un modèle à générations emboîtées dans lequel l’évolution de la pollution
et la formation de la préoccupation environnementale sont endogènes. D’un côté, des
personnes concernées de façon hétérogène par les questions environnementales participent
volontairement à la dépollution. D’un autre côté, la transmission des attitudes vis-à-vis de
l’environnement résulte d’un choix économique qui dépend lui-même de la pollution. Le
modèle prédit que la proportion à long terme d’individus préoccupés par l’environnement sera
forte dans tous les cas. Cependant, selon la nature de la technologie qui génère la pollution, la
transition d’une société peu préoccupée par l’environnement vers une société fortement
préoccupée par l’environnement s’accompagne de deux effets différents sur le niveau de
pollution à long terme. Si la technologie est « propre », on aboutit à un niveau d’équilibre
stable de pollution. A l’inverse, si elle est « sale », la pollution connaît une croissance
illimitée qui finit par causer un désastre environnemental. Ce résultat reproduit les faits
stylisés observés quant à l’évolution conjointe de la préoccupation environnementale et la
pollution dans les pays en développement. Dans le deuxième cas, nous montrons que des
transferts intergénérationnels de la génération âgée vers la génération active jeune rétablissent
la possibilité d’atteindre un état stationnaire de pollution
Efficacité et impact redistributif d’une taxe carbone appliquée à l’agriculture
No full textDiplôme : DAAil s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATIONAs we have seen through the French Government’s recent attempt to implement a carbon tax, this kind of political instrument seems to be more and more feasible in the fight against global warming. Given the significant place of agricultural sector in greenhouse gases emissions, we propose studying the effect of a carbon tax on agriculture. After a review of the existing economics literature in order to assess the viability of the instrument, we develop a short run model which is specifically applied to livestock. The issue is to estimate a system composed of a translog profit function, its derivatives and a function of greenhouse gases emissions. We then simulate a carbon tax not only to determine profit losses and reduction of greenhouse gases emissions but also distributional effects within the sample. We find that even if the instrument lead to important economic losses it has no significant impact on inequalities among cattle farmers. This empirical study is followed by the setting up of a theoretical model of optimal control aiming at studying dynamic effects with regard to the producer’s behavior. To finish with this second model we compute and discuss the comparative statics of the stationary equilibrium.Comme en témoigne sa récente tentative de mise en œuvre par le gouvernement français, la taxe carbone semble être un instrument de plus en plus envisageable dans la lutte contre l'effet de serre. Etant donné la place non négligeable du secteur agricole dans les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, nous nous proposons d'étudier les effets d'une taxe carbone sur l'agriculture. Après une appréciation de la politique en question à travers une esquisse de la littérature économique existante, nous réalisons un premier modèle de court terme que nous appliquons plus particulièrement à l'élevage. Il s'agit d'estimer un système notamment constitué d'une fonction de profit translog et d'une fonction de Gaz à effet de serre. Nous effectuons, par la suite, des simulations et déterminons les baisses de profit et de gaz à effet de serre consécutives à l'application d'une taxe. Nous essayons ensuite de déterminer l'impact redistributif de l'instrument au sein de notre échantillon. Nos résultats montrent que malgré des pertes économiques non négligeables, la taxe n’a pas d’effets significatifs sur les inégalités de profit entre éleveurs bovins. Dans un second temps nous mettons en place un modèle théorique de contrôle optimal destiné à étudier les effets dynamique de la taxe sur le comportement du producteur et nous étudions la statique comparative de l'équilibre stationnaire
The dynamics of environmental concern and the evolution of pollution
Full text linkWe develop an overlapping generations model within which the evolution of pollution and the formation of environmental concern are endogenous. On the one hand, people heterogeneously concerned with environmental issues contribute to pollution which is a public bad. On the other hand, the transmission of environmental attitudes is the result of some economic choice which is affected by pollution. The model predicts that the long run proportion of environmentally concerned individuals will always be high. Though, depending on the pollution-generating technology, the transition from a low-environmentally concerned society to a high-environmentally concerned one is accompanied by two different outcomes regarding the long run level of pollution. If the technology is “clean”, there is a stable steady state level of pollution. However, if it is “dirty”, pollution experiences an unlimited growth which eventually causes an environmental disaster. This result captures some stylized facts regarding the joint evolution of environmental concern and pollution in developing nations. In the latter case, we show that intergenerational transfers from the older generation to the young working one restore the possibility to reach a stationary level of pollution
- …
