1,721,110 research outputs found
Risiko- und Notfallmanagement unter Unsicherheit - Teil 1
No full textComplex decision situations, such as in nuclear emergency and remediation management, require the consideration of technical, economic, ecological, socio-psychological and political aspects. Approaches for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) help to take into account various incommensurable aspects and subjective preferences of the decision makers and thus contribute to transparency and traceability of decision processes. This paper focuses on the handling of uncertainties in such decision processes. Monte Carlo approaches can be used to model, propagate and finally visualise the uncertainties, as a case study on a hypothetical radiological accident scenario illustrates. In general, the presented approach can be adopted for any complex decision situation, especially for industrial emergencies. Further research would be necessary for the analysis of their consequences for entire supply chains
Risiko- und Notfallmanagement unter Unsicherheit (Teil 2)
No full textComplex decision situations, such as in nuclear emergency and remediation management, require the consideration of technical, economic, ecological, socio-psychological and political aspects. Approaches for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) help to take into account various incommensurable aspects and subjective preferences of the decision makers and thus contribute to transparency and traceability of decision processes. This paper focuses on the handling of uncertainties in such decision processes. Monte Carlo approaches can be used to model, propagate and finally visualise the uncertainties, as a case study on a hypothetical radiological accident scenario illustrates. In general, the presented approach can be adopted for any complex decision situation, especially for industrial emergencies. Further research would be necessary for the analysis of their consequences for entire supply chains
What drives the profitability of household PV investments, self-consumption and self-sufficiency?
No full textCombined assessment of material and energy supply risks in the energy transition: A multi-objective energy system optimization approach
Full text linkThis paper proposes a novel framework to study the trade-off between different energy transition supply risks through multi-objective energy system optimization. While the increasing use of clean energy technologies reduces reliance on fossil fuels imports and hence energy supply risks, these technologies depend heavily on critical raw materials, the supply chains of which present high geographical concentration and political instability. Current energy system planning lacks endogenous evaluations (e.g., minimization) of such supply risks. To address this gap, two consistent supply risk functions are derived considering concentration, import reliance, and political stability of supply chains of critical raw materials on the one hand and energy commodities on the other hand. We enhance the open-source energy system modeling framework TEMOA by multi-objective optimization using the AUGMECON method to consider these functions endogenously as objectives and demonstrate the capabilities of this new approach for the Italian power sector decarbonization by 2050. First, total system cost and CO2 emissions are minimized to establish a baseline. Then, four multi-objective optimizations between material and energy supply risks are conducted, each allowing for increasing total system cost. This approach allows the underlying energy system to adapt to minimize supply risks. Results highlight a significant trade-off between the two risks. Minimizing the material supply risk increases energy supply risk by reducing investments in wind turbines and batteries. These technologies are replaced by solar PV and natural gas plants with CCS, which raises gas imports and energy supply risk. Higher costs lead to wind energy disappearance, replaced mainly by natural gas plants, increasing reliance on CCS and imports. These findings emphasize the importance of balancing material and energy supply risks in energy system planning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The reference installation approach for the estimation of industrial assets at risk
No full textWhen natural disasters and extreme events such as storms, floods and earthquakes occur, it is not only people, residential buildings and infrastructure that are seriously affected, but also industry. Direct losses to installations as well as indirect losses, e.g., the interruption of production, can cause severe damage to companies and the economy as a whole. For a comparative and quantitative risk assessment, and being a prerequisite for emergency planning and crisis management (e.g., planning of mitigation measures), a financial appraisal of industrial assets at risk is needed. This paper presents the reference installation approach, which is a methodology that allows a consistent and transparent assessment of individual industrial asset values. The results of this bottom-up approach can be used for a detailed spatial mapping of industrial assets taking into account the characteristics of different sectors
Optimal control of compressor stations in a coupled gas-to-power network
Full text linkWe introduce a tool for simulation and optimization of gas pipeline networks coupled to power grids by gas-to-power plants. The model under consideration consists of the isentropic Euler equations to describe the gas flow coupled to the AC powerflow equations. A compressor station is installed to control the gas pressure such that certain bounds are satisfied. A numerical case study is presented that showcases effects of fast changes in power demand on gas pipelines and necessary operator actions
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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