1,720,955 research outputs found
Cultural landscape and forest conservation in the Indigenous Land of Boa Vista do Sertão do Prumirim (Tekoa Jaexaá Porã)
No full textA Terra Indígena Boa Vista do Sertão do Prumirim, ocupada pelos indígenas do povo Guarani Mbya é considerada uma área duplamente protegida e a mais eficaz na conservação da vegetação nativa em todo o território nacional. Os indígenas dessa comunidade são responsáveis por conservar 5.298 hectares de Floresta Atlântica o que representa 97% da cobertura da área atual. As atividades dos indígenas neste território envolvem o uso parcial dos recursos naturais, baseados na sua cosmovisão de conservação de florestas. Tal cosmovisão determina o uso e cobertura da terra, incluindo a construção de moradias em áreas de menor valor para a proteção da vegetação nativa. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender relações entre cultura e natureza na área de estudo e construir e analisar expectativas de mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra. O método utilizado baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a área de estudo e um conjunto de ferramentas participativas para a construção de mapas em sistema de informação geográfica, cálculo e análise de métricas de ecologia de paisagem, comparando o cenário de expectativas com a o mapa recente. Os resultados mostram um cenário para os próximos 13 anos, baseado no desejo de ocupar áreas já "abertas", e demandas voltadas principalmente para a construção de moradias e espaços comunitários de lazer e práticas culturais, que representam menos de 1% da cobertura da terra. Embora não seja um conceito que exista na cultura Guarani Mbya, a área caracteriza-se como uma paisagem cultural, que se adapta ao contexto atual sem renunciar aos valores culturais de conservação de florestas. Os indígenas desejam restaurar áreas na zona que corresponde as áreas intocadas e guardadas por entidades sagradas. O cenário de expectativa prevê uma diminuição de apenas 0,08% de floresta, com aumento de 1,5 metros na distância entre os fragmentos florestais em 13 anos. Por outro lado, fica evidente que há uma manutenção da disponibilidade de recurso ótimo para a conservação da biodiversidade. As análises de ecologia de paisagem indicam que o cenário de expectativas dos indígenas nesta área de estudo segue um padrão de uso e ocupação atual, próprio dos Mbya, que se caracteriza pelo aldeamento em áreas de menor valor para a conservação e por estabelecer uma fronteira de amortecimento entre a ocupação humana e a floresta composta principalmente por sistemas agroflorestais que funcionam como uma zona de amortecimento para a floresta e ao mesmo tempo aumenta o bem-estar da população. A relação entre os indígenas e a natureza nesta localidade é baseada na sua cosmologia e é na própria cosmologia, nos conhecimentos tradicionais e no seu modo de organização social que se encontram os valores imateriais que conduzem a conservação da floresta. Este estudo trouxe aspectos metodológicos inovadores no mapeamento, com potencial contribuição para outras terras indígenas em contextos similares, especialmente aquelas em processo de demarcação. As métricas de paisagem, quando aplicadas à perspectiva de uma paisagem cultural, complementam a compreensão sobre os efeitos das dinâmicas espaço-temporais da paisagem. Porém, as métricas não são suficientes para compreender a complexidade desse tipo de paisagem, bem como mensurar os efeitos no bem-estar das populações que as constroem. Neste estudo de caso, a cosmologia Guarani Mbya emerge como uma inspiração para o planejamento de paisagens para a conservação da biodiversidade. Esta cosmologia tem resistido e conservado a Mata Atlântica.The Boa Vista do Sertão do Prumirim Indigenous Territory, occupied by the Guarani Mbya indigenous people, is considered a doubly protected area and the most effective in conserving native vegetation across the national territory. The indigenous community is responsible for conserving 5,298 hectares of Atlantic Forest, representing 97% of the current land cover. Their activities involve partial use of natural resources based on their worldview of forest conservation. This worldview dictates land use and cover, including housing construction in areas of lesser value for native vegetation protection. The aim of this study was to understand the relationships between culture and nature in the study area and to construct and analyze expectations for changes in land use and cover. The methodology involved a literature review of the study area and a set of participatory tools for constructing maps in a geographic information system, calculating and analyzing landscape ecology metrics, and comparing the expectation scenario with the recent map. The results show a scenario for the next 13 years based on the desire to occupy already "open" areas, mainly for housing and community leisure spaces and cultural practices, representing less than 1% of land cover. Although not a concept existing in Guarani Mbya culture, the area is characterized as a cultural landscape, adapting to the current context without renouncing cultural values of forest conservation. Indigenous people wish to restore areas in the zone corresponding to those untouched and guarded by sacred entities. The expectation scenario predicts a decrease of only 0.08% of forest, with a 1.5-meter increase in distance between forest fragments over 13 years. However, there is evident maintenance of optimal resource availability for biodiversity conservation. Landscape ecology analyses indicate that the indigenous expectation scenario in this study area follows a current pattern of use and occupation typical of the Mbya, characterized by settlement in areas of lesser conservation value and by establishing a buffer zone between human occupation and the forest, mainly composed of agroforestry systems functioning as a buffer zone for the forest while increasing population well-being. The relationship between indigenous peoples and nature in this locality is based on their cosmology, traditional knowledge, and social organization, which harbor intangible values guiding forest conservation. This study has brought innovative methodological aspects in mapping, with potential contributions to other indigenous lands in similar contexts, especially those in the demarcation process. Landscape metrics, when applied to the perspective of a cultural landscape, complement the understanding of the effects of spatiotemporal landscape dynamics. However, metrics alone are insufficient to comprehend the complexity of such landscapes or measure their effects on the well-being of the populations that build them. In this case study, the Guarani Mbya cosmology emerges as an inspiration for landscape planning for biodiversity conservation. This cosmology has resisted and conserved the Atlantic Forest.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
El potencial económico de los productos forestales no madereros en las reservas legales de El Cerrado
No full textTo promote the sustainable utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Legal Reserves of the Cerrado biome, we present a five-step conceptual model that was implemented in a local Settlement in Central Brazil. This study assesses the potential for NTFP harvesting by evaluating tree species with high Importance Values through a comprehensive forest inventory. Three species were selected based on their high importance value and commercial potential: Annona crassiflora (araticum), Caryocar brasiliense (pequi), and Eugenia dysenterica (cagaita). Over a period of twelve months, we monitored the phenophases and fruit production in the study area. Linear regressions were employed to predict fruit productivity by utilizing morphometric characteristics of the trees. Canopy diameter emerged as a significant predictor of productivity for C. brasiliense. Taking into account regional market prices, the estimated gross revenue from fruit production reached RS 4641.00 (U 882.00), que podría aumentar en un 340 % con una fabricación sencilla. El período de producción mostró una pequeña superposición entre las tres especies, lo que podría conducir a una mejor utilización de los recursos naturales a lo largo del año. Sin embargo, es esencial llevar a cabo un plan estratégico que incluya un estudio de viabilidad económica. El estudio destaca la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales para comprender mejor los ingresos generados por los PFNM y su papel en el desarrollo rural. En general, el manuscrito contribuye a la comprensión del potencial económico en las Reservas Legales y proporciona información valiosa para la planificación y gestión sostenibles
A paisagem cultural Guarani Mbya na terra indígena “Boa Vista do Sertão do Prumi-rim” no litoral de São Paulo
No full textIndigenous lands in Brazil are suggested to be effective for biodiversity conservation. This study focus on investigating the relationship between culture and nature in the Boa Vista Indigenous Land. A landscape analysis was conducted through a focus on the Boa Vista Village, analyzed at this location which are the practices and factors related to forest conservation, by the Guarani-Mbya people. The presence of respectful practices involving partial use of natural resources rooted in a forest conservation worldview. Traditional knowledge, beliefs, and values attributed to the landscape of this place, highlighted a determining role in the indigenous community’s land and use occupation. Stands out: the traditional agricultural, the construction of dwellings in less-valuable areas for protecting native vegetation, and the respect for guardian spirits when entering the forest. It is concluded that the relationship between indigenous peoples and nature in this locality is based on their cosmology along intangible values thus its traditional knowledge and social organization modes underlie the native forest conservation.Los Territorios Indígenas en Brasil han demostrado ser eficaces en la conservación de la biodiversidad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre cultura y naturaleza en el Territorio Indígena “Boa Vista”, con el fin de comprender los factores que contribuyeron al éxito en la conservación de selva por los Guarani-Mbya. En el análisis del paisaje indica la existencia de prácticas respetuosas de uso parcial de los recursos naturales, basadas en la cosmovisión. Los conocimientos tradicionales, creencias y valores atribuidos al paisaje de este lugar evidencian un papel determinante en el uso y ocupación de la tierra. Entre las prácticas establecidas, sobresale el respeto a los espíritus guardianes del bosque, la agricultura tradicional y la construcción de viviendas en áreas de menor valor para la protección de la vegetación nativa. Se concluye que la relación entre los indígenas y la naturaleza se basa en su cosmologia y modo de organización social donde se encuentran los valores inmateriales que conducen a la conservación.As Terras Indígenas no Brasil têm se mostrado eficazes na conservação da biodiversidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre cultura e natureza na Terra Indígena Boa Vista, visando compreender os fatores que contribuíram para o sucesso na conservação das florestas pelos Guarani-Mbya. A análise da paisagem foi conduzida com enfoque na Aldeia Boa Vista, indicando a existência de práticas respeitosas de uso parcial dos recursos naturais, enraizadas na cosmovisão. Os conhecimentos tradicionais, crenças e valores atribuídos à paisagem deste lugar evidenciam um papel determinante no uso e ocupação da terra. Na relação entre os Mbya com a floresta, destaca-se o respeito aos espíritos da mata, o cultivo agrícola tradicional e a construção de moradias em áreas de menor valor para a proteção da vegetação nativa. Conclui-se que a relação entre os indígenas e a natureza nesta localidade é baseada na sua cosmologia e é nesta, nos conhecimentos tradicionais e no seu modo de organização social que se encontram os valores imateriais que conduzem a conservação da floresta
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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