164 research outputs found
LATAR DALAM KINDERROMAN “OMA! SCHREIT DER FRIEDER” KARYA GUDRUN MEBS
No full textABSTRAK
NINDIA NOVIANTI, 2020. Latar dalam Kinderroman “Oma! Schreit der Frieder” Karya Gudrun Mebs. Skripsi, Jakarta : Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui latar yang terdapat dalam Kinderroman “Oma! Schreit der Frieder“ karya Gudrun Mebs sebagai salah satu cara untuk menambah pemahaman mahasiswa tentang karya sastra, khususnya dalam bentuk prosa, yaitu Kinderroman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka.
Fokus penelitian ini yaitu latar dalam Kinderroman “Oma! Schreit der Frieder“ karya Gudrun Mebs. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang menggambarkan latar dalam Kinderroman, yang dianalisis berdasarkan jenis latar menurut teori Claus Gigl. Bedasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan 6 jenis latar yang dalam Kinderroman Oma! Schreit der Frieder karya Gudrun Mebs, yaitu Handlungsraum sebanyak 34 data, Stimmungsraum 30 data, Lebensraum 9 data, Gedankenraum 6 data, Symbolraum 4 data dan Kontrastraum 1 data. Latar yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Handlungsraum, karena pengarang ingin lebih menunjukan suatu peristiwa sebagai tempat atau lokasi kegiatan tokoh beraktivitas.
Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai materi tambahan untuk membantu pemahaman mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman mengenai latar terutama dalam Kinderroman.
Kata Kunci: Latar, Kinderroman, Oma! Schreit der Frieder, Gudrun Mebs
ABSTRACT
NINDIA NOVIANTI, 2020. The Setting in Kinderroman "Oma! Schreit der Frieder" by Gudrun Mebs. Thesis, Jakarta: German Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Language and Art, Jakarta State University.
The purpose of this study is to find out the setting contained in the "Oma! Schreit der Frieder" by Gudrun Mebs as one way to increase students' understanding of literary works, especially in the form of prose, namely Kinderroman. This study uses qualitative methods with literature study techniques.
The focus of this research is the setting in the Kniderroman "Oma! Schreit der Frieder" by Gudrun Mebs. The data in this study are sentences that describe the setting in Kinderroman, which are analyzed based on the type of setting according to Claus Gigl's theory. Based on the results of the analysis found 6 types of background in Oma! Schreit der Frieder by Gudrun Mebs, namely Handlungsraum with 34 data, Stimmungsraum 30 data, Lebensraum 9 data, Gedankenraum 6 data, Symbolraum 4 data and Kontrastraum 1 data. The most common setting is Handlungsraum, because the author wants to show an event more as a place or location for activities of a character.
Based on this analysis, this research is expected to be used as additional material to help students understand the German Language Study Program regarding background, especially in Kinderroman.
Keywords: Setting, Kinderroman, Oma! Schreit der Frieder, Gudrun Mebs
"Third Generation"-Type Functional Tris(2-pyridyl)borate Ligands and their Transition-Metal Complexes
No full textPhenyltris(2-pyridyl)borates (Tpyb) are a promising class of tripodal “scorpionate”-type ligands with potential utility in the development of transition metal complexes with interesting optical, electronic or magnetic properties, and as building blocks to metallosupramolecular polymers. We report here a new class of “third generation”-type Tpyb ligands that contain different functional groups attached to the boron-bound aryl moiety. The synthesis, characterization and metal ion complexation behavior of ligands with iodo and trimethylsilyl groups is discussed. The electrochemical and absorption characteristics of the corresponding low-spin Fe(II) and Ru(II) complexes are compared. We demonstrate the further elaboration of the iodo derivatives with alkynes via Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling, a process that proceeds with high yield for the Fe(II) and Ru(II) complexes, but not for the free ligand. The borylation of the silyl-substituted Ru(II) complex with BBr3 was also investigated. In addition to the expected borylation product, Ru(Tpyb-Bpin)2, the replacement of one (major product) or two phenyl groups is observed, suggesting that electrophilic borylation occurs at both the C(Ph)-Si and the C(Ph)-B aromatic carbons. The successful attachment of a range of different functional groups at the periphery of the Tpyb metal complexes is expected to provide opportunities to access new polymeric materials via C-C coupling or click-type reactions.Peer reviewe
International Journal of Molecular Sciences / MicroRNAs associated with the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in biliary tract cancer cell lines
No full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a palliative treatment option for unresectable hilar biliary tract cancer (BTC) showing a considerable benefit for survival and quality of life with few side effects. Currently, factors determining the cellular response of BTC cells towards PDT are unknown. Due to their multifaceted nature, microRNAs (miRs) are a promising analyte to investigate the cellular mechanisms following PDT. For two photosensitizers, Photofrin® and Foscan®, the phototoxicity was investigated in eight BTC cell lines. Each cell line (untreated) was profiled for expression of n = 754 miRs using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards. Statistical analysis and bioinformatic tools were used to identify miRs associated with PDT efficiency and their putative targets, respectively. Twenty miRs correlated significantly with either high or low PDT efficiency. PDT was particularly effective in cells with high levels of clustered miRs 25-93*-106b and (in case of miR-106b) a phenotype characterized by high expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin and high proliferation (cyclinD1 and Ki67 expression). Insensitivity towards PDT was associated with high miR-200 family expression and (for miR-cluster 200a/b-429) expression of differentiation markers Ck19 and Ck8/18. Predicted and validated downstream targets indicate plausible involvement of miRs 20a*, 25, 93*, 130a, 141, 200a, 200c and 203 in response mechanisms to PDT, suggesting that targeting these miRs could improve susceptibility to PDT in insensitive cell lines. Taken together, the miRNome pattern may provide a novel tool for predicting the efficiency of PDT and—following appropriate functional verification—may subsequently allow for optimization of the PDT protocol.Andrej Wagner, Christian Mayr, Doris Bach, Romana Illig, Kristjan Plaetzer, Frieder Berr, Martin Pichler, Daniel Neureiter and Tobias Kiesslic
Dietary N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease biliary cholesterol saturation in gallstone disease
No full textBecause fatty acid composition of biliary phospholipids influences cholesterol secretion into bile, we investigated whether replacement of n-1 monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in biliary phosphatidylcholines reduces supersaturation with cholesterol and prevents precipitation of cholesterol crystals in bile of gallstone patients. Seven patients with radiolucent gallstones in functioning gallbladders were studied before (control) and after 5 wk of dietary supplementation with marine fish oil (11.3 gm/day = 3.75 gm n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids/day). Duodenal bile was collected for analysis during intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin. Gallbladder emptying in response to cholecystokinin was comparable before and during intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.001) the fractions of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and decreased the fractions of linoleic (p < 0.001) and arachidonic acids (p < 0.02) in biliary phospholipids. Concomitantly, the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids decreased (-19%; p < 0.05). As a consequence, the cholesterol saturation index was reduced by -25% (p = 0.01), from 1.60 ± 0.44 to 1.24 ± 0.38. However, in vitro nucleation time of duodenal bile was not prolonged. The decrease in cholesterol saturation was not sufficient to prevent nucleation of cholesterol crystals in bile of gallstone patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that cholesterol saturation can be influenced by the fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholines secreted in bile
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