1,964 research outputs found
Network formation in repeated interactions: experimental evidence on dynamic behaviour
No full textExperiments, Networks, Behavioral game theory, Learning dynamics,
Coordination in Networks Formation: Experimental Evidence on Learning and Salience
No full textWe present experiments on repeated non-cooperative network formation games, based on Bala and Goyal (2000). We treat the one-way and the two-ways flow models, each for high and low link costs. The models show both multiple equilibria and coordination problems. We conduct experiments under various conditions which control for salient labeling and learning dynamics. Contrary to previous experiments, we find that coordination on non-empty Strict Nash equilibria is not an easy task for subjects to achieve, even in the mono-directional model where the Strict Nash equilibria is a wheel. We find that salience significantly helps coordination, but only when subjects are pre-instructed to think of the wheel network as a reasonable way to play the networking game. Evidence on learning behavior provides support for subjects choosing strategies consistent with various learning rules, which include as the main ones Reinforcement and Fictitious Play
Advancing healthcare through data: the BETTER project's vision for distributed analytics
No full textIntroduction: Data-driven medicine is essential for enhancing the accessibility and quality of the healthcare system. The availability of data plays a crucial role in achieving this goal.
Methods: We propose implementing a robust data infrastructure of FAIRification and data fusion for clinical, genomic, and imaging data. This will be embedded within the framework of a distributed analytics platform for healthcare data analysis, utilizing the Personal Health Train paradigm.
Results: This infrastructure will ensure the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of data, metadata, and results among multiple medical centers participating in the BETTER Horizon Europe project. The project focuses on studying rare diseases, such as intellectual disability and inherited retinal dystrophies.
Conclusion: The anticipated impacts will benefit a wide range of healthcare practitioners and potentially influence health policymakers
A codon usage-based approach for the stratification of Influenza A across recent spillovers
No full textInfluenza A virus (IAV) is a highly adaptable pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health. Genomic surveillance of IAVs is complex due to their broad host range, zoonotic potential, and rapid evolution. Strategies based on codon preference analysis have been successfully employed for the discrimination of IAVs with different host specificity in the past. Hence, monitoring changes in codon usage offers a promising strategy for tracking IAVs’ host range and identifying significant epidemiological events.
In this study, we developed a computational workflow for the stratification of IAVs based on codon usage profiles by analysing recent IAV-associated epidemiological emergencies: 1) the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in North America, 2) the H7N9 epidemic in China (2013--2017), and 3) the long-term circulation of H5N1 in domestic birds and its subsequent spillover to dairy cows. We explore the application of codon usage metrics for capturing patterns of viral diversification and expand previous related findings in the field. Our results uncovered important differences in genomic features, which are not always reflected in the clade-based nomenclature. Interestingly, a reduced set of amino acids and associated codons was sufficient to summarize salient patterns of IAV genomes across the 3 paradigmatic cases herein considered, suggesting shared evolutionary signatures across IAV serotypes.
Codon usage-based stratification effectively highlighted key epidemiological events and enabled detailed comparisons of genomic features across IAV serotypes. The approach developed in this work provides a scalable framework for IAV genomic surveillance, offering insights into viral evolution and shared patterns of codon usage preferences. Its general applicability makes it suitable for extending to other Influenza A serotypes, particularly those for which available genomic data are limited or a reference nomenclature is not established
A framework for safe decision making: A convex duality approach
No full textWe study the problem of online interaction in general decision making problems, where the objective is not only to find optimal strategies, but also to satisfy certain safety guarantees, expressed in terms of costs accrued. In particular, we focus on the online learning problem in which an agent has to find the optimal solution of a linear objective. Moreover, the agent has to satisfy a linear safety constraint at each round. We propose a theoretical framework to address such problems and present BAN-SOLO, a UCB-like algorithm that, in an online interaction with an unknown environment, attains sublinear regret of order O(√T) and satisfies a safety constraint with high probability at each iteration. BAN-SOLO provides a general framework that can be applied to any setting in which estimators of the objective and the cost function are available. At its core, it relies on tools from convex duality to manage environment exploration while satisfying the safety constraint imposed by the problem. To show the applicability of our framework, we provide two game theoretical applications: normal-form games and sequential decision-making problems
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
Coordination in Networks Formation: Experimental Evidence on Learning and Salience
No full textWe present experiments on repeated non-cooperative network formation games, based on Bala and Goyal (2000). We treat the one-way and the two-ways flow models, each for high and low link costs. The models show both multiple equilibria and coordination problems. We conduct experiments under various conditions which control for salient labeling and learning dynamics. Contrary to previous experiments, we find that coordination on non-empty Strict Nash equilibria is not an easy task for subjects to achieve, even in the mono-directional model where the Strict Nash equilibria is a wheel. We find that salience significantly helps coordination, but only when subjects are pre-instructed to think of the wheel network as a reasonable way to play the networking game. Evidence on learning behavior provides support for subjects choosing strategies consistent with various learning rules, which include as the main ones Reinforcement and Fictitious Play.Experiments, Networks, Behavioral game theory, Salience, Learning dynamics
Report of the Study Group on Calibration of Acoustic Instruments in Fisheries Science (SGCal) [7-8 May 2011 Reykjavik, Iceland]
No full textContributors: Matteo Bernasconi, Gavin Macaula
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