3,251 research outputs found
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
Experimental seasonal monitoring and forecasting of total subsurface water storage over Germany
No full textImpacts of regional climate change have become apparent during recent summer droughts that affected Germany since 2018. In this context, the need has been increasing for relevant and usable information on the status and the evolution of subsurface water resources by the interested public and decision makers across sectors, such as agriculture and water resources. Pertaining to this need, we have developed and operate a hydrological monitoring and forecasting system, in which the integrated hydrological model ParFlow with its internal land surface module CLM (Common Land Model) simulates on a daily basis the terrestrial part of the water cycle down to a depth of 60m for Germany and beyond at about 0.6km horizontal resolution (Belleflamme et al., 2023). The atmospheric driver for the daily ParFlow 9-day forecasts is the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) deterministic HRES forecast. To account for the uncertainty of the weather forecast, and especially precipitation, a 50-member ensemble driven by the ECMWF ENS forecast is calculated every second day. In addition, at the beginning of each meteorological season, we add a 7-month 50-member forecast using ECMWF SEAS atmospheric forcing. To provide easily accessible information on the current state, the past and the potential future evolution, we created the “FZJ Water Resources Bulletin for Germany” (FZJ WRB) (https://www.adapter-projekt.de/bulletin/index_en.html). The FZJ WRB always follows a recurring content and structure. Currently, it features the monthly total subsurface climatological storage anomaly from the surface to 60m subsurface depth in mm water column, including the spatial distribution of the past meteorological season. The time series of the monthly evolution since 2011 for Germany is combined with the 7-month forecasts initialised at the beginning of each meteorological season, including uncertainty information from 50 ensemble members. This helps to evaluate, e.g., the severity of a drought condition in a climatological context. The last part of the bulletin presents storage anomaly information for each NUTS3 administrative region for the same forecasting period. While solely based on simulation results, the FZJ Water Resources Bulletin provides the first Germany-wide consistent picture of water resources anomalies up to the seasonal timescale, and at a spatial resolution that is relevant for all water sectors. References: Belleflamme, A., Goergen, K., Wagner, N., Kollet, S., Bathiany, S., El Zohbi, J., Rechid, D., Vanderborght, J., and Vereecken, H. (2023). Hydrological forecasting at impact scale: the integrated ParFlow hydrological model at 0.6 km for climate resilient water resource management over Germany. Frontiers in Water, 5, 1183642. doi:10.3389/frwa.2023.118364
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
No full textEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
The monarchy of Portugal in Alexandre Herculano's work
No full textA pesquisa A Monarquia Portuguesa na Obra de Alexandre Herculano analisa a construção do modelo ideal de monarca por Alexandre Herculano, com especial ênfase na produção histórica em que os monarcas portugueses foram retratados com maior riqueza de detalhes e analisados de forma mais criteriosa. A pesquisa se dá a partir da conjuntura histórica portuguesa marcada pelo estabelecimento do Estado Liberal e pelos debates entre os diferentes grupos políticos em que a participação dos intelectuais é um ponto relevante. No tocante a Alexandre Herculano, o envolvimento do autor em diversas polêmicas e articulações políticas é uma evidência da importância e da atuação da intelligentsia na sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Ao lado da conjuntura histórica na qual a obra de Herculano foi produzida, o universo conceitual forjado pelo autor com fundamento nos pressupostos teóricos e políticos também foi contemplado, pois o modelo de monarca construído pelo autor foi elaborado a partir deste universo conceitual que, conforme os pressupostos teóricos empregados nesta pesquisa atuam e interferem nos debates contemporâneos à obra.The research The Portuguese Monarchy in Alexandre Herculanos work analyses the building of the monarchs ideal model (by Alexandre Herculano) especially focusing on the historical production on which the Portuguese monarchs were detailedly portrayed and discerningly analysed. Considering the Portuguese historical conjuncture marked not only by the establishment of the Liberal State but also by the debates among the different political groups in which the intellectuals partaking is relevant. Concerning Alexandre Herculano, the authors involvement in several debates and political articulations is an evidence of the intelligentsias outstanding role in the Portuguese society of the nineteenth century. Along with the historical context in which Herculanos work was produced, the conceptual universe created by the author reasoned on theoretical and political assumptions was also considered because the monarchs model built by the author was created from this universe of concepts that, according to the theoretical assumptions used in this research, act and expand their sphere of influence towards the contemporary debates to his work
Detection of past and future atmospheric circulation changes over the North Atlantic region with the help of an automatic circulation type classification
No full textFuture projections of the atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, especially the North Atlantic, have high uncertainties and some of the projected changes are opposed to circulation changes that have been observed since the 2000s. In this thesis, we focus on three particular aspects of the past and projected future summertime atmospheric circulation over the broader North Atlantic region. First, we analyse whether the 2007-2012 summertime anticyclonic anomaly over the Beaufort Sea, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and Greenland might rather be due to global warming or to the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation by putting it in perspective with the circulation variability over the last 150 years given by five reanalysis datasets. Then, this analysis is extended for the future circulation projected towards 2100 by CMIP3 and CMIP5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) over Greenland. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the uncertainties of the future atmospheric circulation projections on the mitigating or enhancing influence of the summertime circulation changes on temperature and precipitation over Europe.
We use an automatic circulation type classification to analyse in detail the atmospheric circulation changes by grouping similar daily SLP (mean sea level pressure) or Z500 (500 hPa geopotential height) fields into homogeneous circulation types. It appears that the choice of the index, on the basis of which the days are grouped together, strongly influences the characteristics of the circulation types and the kinds of circulation changes that can be detected. In comparison with Euclidean distance and pressure gradient-based indices, correlation-based indices, especially the Spearman rank correlation, are the most suitable indices when focusing on the circulation pattern.
Over the Arctic region, four periods with circulation anomalies similar to that of 2007-2012 (i.e. a summertime anticyclonic anomaly over the western Arctic region) have been detected over the last 150 years, despite a higher uncertainty of the circulation given by the reanalyses due to the scarcity of observational data before 1940. Nevertheless, the 2007-2012 anomaly appears to be exceptional and several connexions with other variables, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation index and sea ice loss, suggest that it could be part of a major climatic anomaly extending beyond the Arctic region. However, the occurrence of similar periods in the past and the influence of several external and internal forcings do not allow us to attribute it to global warming.
The future summertime atmospheric circulation projected by GCMs over Greenland confirms this conclusion. In fact, no significant circulation pattern changes are simulated towards 2100, besides a generalised Z500 increase caused by the projected warming. Since GCMs are able to simulate atmospheric circulation changes over other regions and since the atmospheric circulation itself is influenced by other variables, such as sea ice or snow extent, which are already impacted by long-term changes, we conclude that the 2007-2012 anomaly could rather be attributed to the internal variability of the climatic system.
Finally, we evidence that projected future atmospheric circulation changes impact on the SLP and precipitation changes simulated over Europe towards 2100 for summer. Over north-western Europe, these circulation changes could mitigate the SLP decrease by around 50 % and cancel out the precipitation increase. Nevertheless, high uncertainties among the GCMs on the magnitude and even on the sign of these changes cast doubt on the reliability of these projections. On the other hand, future atmospheric circulation changes are not projected to affect significantly the warming and drying simulated for the next decades over the Mediterranean region and eastern Europe.Les projections futures de la circulation atmosphérique pour les hautes latitudes de l'hémisphère nord, en particulier l'Atlantique Nord, sont entachées d'une grande incertitude. Certains changements projetés sont opposés aux changements de circulation observés depuis les années 2000. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur trois aspects de la circulation estivale, à la fois passée et projetée dans le futur, pour l'Atlantique Nord. D'abord, nous tentons de déterminer si l'anomalie anticyclonique estivale de 2007-2012 au-dessus de la mer de Beaufort, de l'archipel arctique canadien et du Groenland pourrait être attribuée au réchauffement climatique ou plutôt à la variabilité interne de la circulation atmosphérique. Pour cela, nous la comparons à la variabilité de la circulation des 150 dernières années donnée par cinq réanalyses. Ensuite, cette analyse est étendue à la circulation future simulée d'ici 2100 par les Modèles de Circulation Générale (GCM) pour le Groenland. Enfin, nous évaluons l'impact des incertitudes des projections futures de la circulation atmosphérique sur l'effet atténuateur ou amplificateur des changements de circulation sur la température et les précipitations en été en Europe.
Nous utilisons une classification de types de circulations automatique pour analyser en détail les changements de circulation atmosphérique en groupant les champs journaliers de SLP (pression réduite au niveau de la mer) ou de Z500 (hauteur géopotentielle à 500 hPa) semblables en types de circulations homogènes. Il apparaît que le choix de l'indice, sur base duquel les jours sont regroupés, influence fortement les caractéristiques des types de circulations, ainsi que les différents changements de circulation qui peuvent être détectés. Les indices basés sur la corrélation, en particulier la corrélation des rangs de Spearman, sont les plus appropriés pour étudier la localisation des centres de pression, par rapport aux indices basés sur la distance euclidienne ou sur le gradient de pression.
Pour l'Arctique, nous avons détecté, sur les 150 dernières années, quatre périodes présentant des anomalies de circulation semblables à celle de 2007-2012 (à savoir une anomalie anticyclonique sur l'ouest de l'Arctique en été), alors que la circulation représentée par les réanalyses est entachée d'une plus grande incertitude due à la rareté des données d'observations avant 1940. Toutefois, l'anomalie de 2007-2012 se révèle être exceptionnelle. En outre, plusieurs connexions avec d'autres variables, comme l'oscillation nord-atlantique et la diminution de la banquise, permettent de supposer que cette anomalie fait partie d'une anomalie climatique majeure s'étendant au-delà de l'Arctique. Cependant, l'existence de périodes similaires dans le passé et l'influence de nombreux forçages internes et externes ne nous permettent pas d'attribuer l'anomalie de 2007-2012 au réchauffement climatique.
Cette conclusion est confirmée par la circulation atmosphérique future projetée par les GCM pour le Groenland en été. En effet, aucun changement significatif de types de circulations n'est simulé d'ici 2100, excepté une hausse généralisée de Z500 due au réchauffement projeté. Vu que les GCM sont capables de simuler des changements de circulation pour d'autres régions et que la circulation atmosphérique est elle-même influencée par des variables qui subissent déjà des changements à long terme, telles que l'étendue de la banquise et de la couverture neigeuse, nous concluons que l'anomalie de 2007-2012 en Arctique pourrait être attribuée à la variabilité interne du système climatique.
Finalement, nous montrons que les changements de circulation atmosphérique projetés pour le futur influencent les changements de SLP et de précipitations simulés pour l'Europe en été, d'ici 2100. Au nord-ouest de l'Europe, ces changements de circulation pourraient atténuer la diminution de SLP de 50 % et annuler l'augmentation des précipitations. Néanmoins, de grandes incertitudes entre les GCM sur l'ampleur et même sur le signe de ces changements jettent le doute sur la fiabilité de ces projections. Par ailleurs, les changements de circulation atmosphérique projetés pour le futur ne devraient pas affecter significativement le réchauffement et la diminution des précipitations simulés pour les prochaines décennies pour la région méditerranéenne et l'est de l'Europe
A comparison of the images of women in selected works by Moliere and Alexandre Dumas, fils, 1978
No full textThe purpose of studying these two dramatists is to discover, to analyze and to compare the female characters in their respective plays. By so doing, the author wishes to discern their Ideas, attitudes and prejudices concerning women. The study is presented in four chapters. The introduction, which is Chapter I, presents the lives and works of Moliere and Alexandre Dumas, fils. Details of their personal life histories are given so that the reader can more fully understand the influence of the society in which they lived upon their work. Chapter II represents a study of the images of women in Moliere's theater. In this chapter one finds that females, in general, are presented as having intelligence, wit and high moral standards. In many instances women are shown to surpass men in these areas. The third chapter discusses the images of women as presented in selected plays by Alexandre Dumas, fils. It deals with Dumas's depiction of women as inferior to man in every aspect of their physical, mental and moral being. The fourth chapter is a comparison of both authors' ideas concerning the mental and moral status of women. Their ideas regarding a woman's place in marriage and society are presented. The conclusion is that Moliere, quite lenient and fair in his portrayals, fills the stage with delightful images of noble women of his era, while Dumas paints a very dismal and discouraging image of the woman of his day
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