5,862 research outputs found
A Life Below with Joe Sulentic, Deadwood SD, Lawrence County
No full text4 x 5 b/w photograph, man examining a rock wallChinese Authority - Joe Sulentic, author of a book on the Chinese in Deadwood, points out a bit of history in the tunnels that run below Deadwood's streets. The Chinese came to Deadwood in the 1800's. SD Tourism Phot
Front Façade of Hawley Residence, Howard SD, Miner County
No full text35 mm slide, leafless trees in front of a two-story house with a bay window and an enclosed entry in a snow-covered landscapeDrawer info: McCook - Minnehaha; Minor CountyMinor County Howard Cameron Hawley House (Author of "Executive Suite") 2/84 M
High diagnostic yield of tuberculosis from screening urine samples from HIV-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
No full text: ABSTRACT:: We determined the diagnostic yield of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis (TB) when testing small volumes of urine from ambulatory HIV-infected patients prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Compared to a gold standard of sputum culture, the sensitivity of urine Xpert among those with CD4 cell counts of <50, 50-100 and >100 cells/?L were 44.4%, 25.0% and 2.7% (P=0.001), respectively. Urine Xpert testing provides a means of rapid TB diagnosis in patients with advanced immunodeficiency and poor prognosis. These data are indicative of high rates of TB dissemination and renal involvement in this clinical population
Rear and Side Façade of Hawley Residence, Howard SD, Miner County
No full text35 mm slide, a two-story house with a bay window and an enclosed entry in a snow-covered landscapeDrawer info: McCook - Minnehaha; Minor CountyMinor County Howard Cameron Hawley House (Author of "Executive Suite") 2/84 M
Front and Side Façade of Hawley Residence, Howard SD, Miner County
No full text35 mm slide, leafless deciduous trees in front of a two-story house with a single-story addition and an enclosed entry in a snow-covered landscapeDrawer info: McCook - Minnehaha; Minor CountyMinor County Howard Cameron Hawley House (Author of "Executive Suite") 2/84 M
Fort Sully Hospital, Sully County
No full text7 x 5 photograph, two people in front of a two-story building with dormers and a covered wrap-around porch surrounded by a post and wire fenceFort Sully P97 [stamp] Property of: South Dakota State Historical Society Pierre, South Dakota [stamp] Give photo credit to: South Dakota State Historical Society. Ft. Sully (Hospital in 1951) As it stood on the farm of Paul Steffen in Llewellyn Park Tsp., Sully County. Photo in collection of Bessie B. Lumley, Oneida, SD. Copied from the thesie, History of Ft. Sully (underlined) by Steven Hoekman, Univ, of S.D. Photo cred-it must be acquired from author or Univ. of S.D. (underlined) A
Jumping sustainability meme; SD transfer from society to universities
No full textSince the 1972 Stockholm Conference, many Sustainable Development declarations, charters, and partnerships have been developed, both in the overall societal context and within higher education frameworks. This paper addresses two issues: (1) a comparison of the development of sustainable development initiatives in society and in universities and (2) an analysis of how those initiatives are influencing educational institutions? SD activities. The analysis indicates that SD needs to be incorporated in a transdisciplinary manner throughout: curricula, research, operations, outreach and engagement with stakeholders, collaboration with other universities, assessment and reporting, institutional framework, on-campus life experiences, and educate the educators programmes. These key elements must be integrated systemically in the HEIs in order to provide learning and career value to those participating in the SD transition. One of the key observations is that the concept of \u84meme? diffusion/transfer from the diverse declarations, charters and partnerships is slow and inefficient. The question is why is it so slow and ineffective and what can be done to speed it up throughout society? The authors propose the following ways to speed up the transfer, and implementation of the SD in higher education \u84meme?: universities and their leaders should become more proactive in engaging with SD, SD should be made the \u84Golden Thread? throughout the university system, and recognise those engaged with SD and foster multiplier effect
How UV photolysis accelerates the biodegradation and mineralization of sulfadiazine (SD)
No full textabstract: Sulfadiazine (SD), one of broad-spectrum antibiotics, exhibits limited biodegradation in wastewater treatment due to its chemical structure, which requires initial mono-oxygenation reactions to initiate its biodegradation. Intimately coupling UV photolysis with biodegradation, realized with the internal loop photobiodegradation reactor, accelerated SD biodegradation and mineralization by 35 and 71 %, respectively. The main organic products from photolysis were 2-aminopyrimidine (2-AP), p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABS), and aniline (An), and an SD-photolysis pathway could be identified using C, N, and S balances. Adding An or ABS (but not 2-AP) into the SD solution during biodegradation experiments (no UV photolysis) gave SD removal and mineralization rates similar to intimately coupled photolysis and biodegradation. An SD biodegradation pathway, based on a diverse set of the experimental results, explains how the mineralization of ABS and An (but not 2-AP) provided internal electron carriers that accelerated the initial mono-oxygenation reactions of SD biodegradation. Thus, multiple lines of evidence support that the mechanism by which intimately coupled photolysis and biodegradation accelerated SD removal and mineralization was through producing co-substrates whose oxidation produced electron equivalents that stimulated the initial mono-oxygenation reactions for SD biodegradation.This is the authors' final accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-014-9711-
Traffic-related air pollution in relation to cognitive function in older adults.
No full textBACKGROUND: Few epidemiologic studies have investigated associations of air pollution with cognition in older adults, and none has specifically compared associations across particle sources. We investigated whether exposure to particulate air pollution, characterized by size and source, was associated with cognitive function and decline in cognitive function. METHODS: We included participants of the Whitehall II cohort who were residents of greater London and who attended the medical examination in study wave 2007-2009 (n = 2867). Annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) (PM10 and PM2.5 from all sources and from traffic exhaust) were modeled at resolution of 20 × 20 m for 2003-2009. We investigated the relationship between exposure to particles and a cognitive battery composed of tests of reasoning, memory, and phonemic and semantic fluency. We also investigated exposure in relation to decline in these tests over 5 years. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 66 (standard deviation = 6) years. All particle metrics were associated with lower scores in reasoning and memory measured in the 2007-2009 wave but not with lower verbal fluency. Higher PM2.5 of 1.1 μg/m (lag 4) was associated with a 0.03 (95% confidence interval = -0.06 to 0.002) 5-year decline in standardized memory score and a 0.04 (-0.07 to -0.01) decline when restricted to participants remaining in London between study waves. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for an association between particulate air pollution and some measures of cognitive function, as well as decline over time in cognition; however, it does not support the hypothesis that traffic-related particles are more strongly associated with cognitive function than particles from all sources
The effectiveness of interventions to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children: a systematic review
No full textSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) arises as a consequence of a sudden period of food shortage and is associated with loss of a person’s body fat and wasting of their skeletal muscle. Many of those affected are already undernourished and are often susceptible to disease. Infants and young children are the most vulnerable as they require extra nutrition for growth and development, have comparatively limited energy reserves and depend on others. Undernutrition can have drastic and wide-ranging consequences for the child’s development and survival in the short and long term. Despite efforts made to treat SAM through different interventions and programmes, it continues to cause unacceptably high levels of mortality and morbidity. Uncertainty remains as to the most effective methods to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to treat infants and children aged < 5 years who have SAM.Data sourcesEight databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, CAB Abstracts Ovid, Bioline, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconLit EBSCO and The Cochrane Library) were searched to 2010. Bibliographies of included articles and grey literature sources were also searched. The project expert advisory group was asked to identify additional published and unpublished references.Review methodsPrior to the systematic review, a Delphi process involving international experts prioritised the research questions. Searches were conducted and two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were applied to the full texts of retrieved papers by one reviewer and checked independently by a second. Included studies were mapped to the research questions. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Differences in opinion were resolved through discussion at each stage. Studies were synthesised through a narrative review with tabulation of the results.ResultsA total of 8954 records were screened, 224 full-text articles were retrieved, and 74 articles (describing 68 studies) met the inclusion criteria and were mapped. No evidence focused on treatment of children with SAM who were human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive, and no good-quality or adequately reported studies assessed treatments for SAM among infants < 6 months old. One randomised controlled trial investigated fluid resuscitation solutions for shock, with none adequately treating shock. Children with acute diarrhoea benefited from the use of hypo-osmolar oral rehydration solution (H-ORS) compared with the standard World Health Organization-oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS). WHO-ORS was not significantly different from rehydration solution for malnutrition (ReSoMal), but the safety of ReSoMal was uncertain. A rice-based ORS was more beneficial than glucose-based ORSs, and provision of zinc plus a WHO-ORS had a favourable impact on diarrhoea and need for ORS. Comparisons of different diets in children with persistent diarrhoea produced conflicting findings. For treating infection, comparison of amoxicillin with ceftriaxone during inpatient therapy, and routine provision of antibiotics for 7 days versus no antibiotics during outpatient therapy of uncomplicated SAM, found that neither had a significant effect on recovery at the end of follow-up. No evidence mapped to the next three questions on factors that affect sustainability of programmes, long-term survival and readmission rates, the clinical effectiveness of management strategies for treating children with comorbidities such as tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori infection and the factors that limit the full implementation of treatment programmes. Comparison of treatment for SAM in different settings showed that children receiving inpatient care appear to do as well as those in ambulatory or home settings on anthropometric measures and response time to treatment. Longer-term follow-up showed limited differences between the different settings. The majority of evidence on methods for correcting micronutrient deficiencies considered zinc supplements; however, trials were heterogeneous and a firm conclusion about zinc was not reached. There was limited evidence on either supplementary potassium or nicotinic acid (each produced some benefits), and nucleotides (not associated with benefits). Evidence was identified for four of the five remaining questions, but not assessed because of resource limitation.LimitationsThe systematic review focused on key questions prioritised through a Delphi study and, as a consequence, did not encompass all elements in the management of SAM. In focusing on evidence from controlled studies with the most rigorous designs that were published in the English language, the systematic review may have excluded other forms of evidence. The systematic review identified several limitations in the evidence base for assessing the effectiveness of interventions for treating young children with severe acute malnutrition, including a lack of studies assessing the different interventions; limited details of study methods used; short follow-up post intervention or discharge; and heterogeneity in participants, interventions, settings, and outcome measures affecting generalisability.ConclusionsFor many of the most highly ranked questions evidence was lacking or inconclusive. More research is needed on a range of topic areas concerning the treatment of infants and children with SAM. Further research is required on most aspects of the management of SAM in children < 5 years, including intravenous resuscitation regimens for shock, management of subgroups (e.g. infants < 6 months old, infants and children with SAM who are human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive) and on the use of antibiotics.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Technology Assessment programme.<br/
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