19 research outputs found
Sans norme ni sanction : l'homosexualité dans un état postmoraliste
No full textIreland is discovering its gays. The Spring of 1994 saw several people «coming out», but public opinion was not particularly moved. Momentous socio-moral changes had just taken place : in 1993, queers' became legal ; in 1994 Ireland adopted the UN definition of the family, acknowledging the multiplicity of family types. From the only openly gay politician's campaigns to the latest changes in the law and public policy, this article retraces the legalisation of homosexuality in Ireland in a wider framework : the author argues that a new moral order has emerged in Ireland, whereby the individual's moral choice and subjective rights have won out in face of the Catholic Church's diktats. A tradition of tolerance and the legitimization of the « liberal agenda » have contributed to the emergence of a new identity : Irish and gay.Récemment affichée a l'échelle nationale, l'homosexualité d'un certain nombre de personnes et personnalités n'a pas provoqué l'émoi. Et cela à peine un an après la légalisation des rapports homosexuels, et au moment ou une nouvelle définition officielle de la famille, reconnaissant toutes les formes qu'elle peut prendre, rentre en vigueur sous l'égide des Nations Unies. Cet article se propose de retracer les grands moments de la campagne pour les droits civiques des homosexuels irlandais, tout en la replaçant dans son contexte. Nous ne sommes pas témoins de la faillite des valeurs, ni de la fin de la morale, mais de l'avènement d'une éthique minimale, sanctionnée par l'Etat, basée sur les droits fondamentaux des individus. Une longue tradition de tolérance et la légitimation d'un programme libéral ont favorisé l'émergence d'une nouvelle identité : homosexuel et irlandais.Hug Chrystel. Sans norme ni sanction : l'homosexualité dans un état postmoraliste. In: Études irlandaises, n°20-1, 1995. L'État en Irlande, sous la direction de Claude Fierobe et Emile-Jean Dumay. pp. 205-216
"Learned Chaucer" : The evolution of Chaucer's reputation as the author of A Treatise on the Astrolabe
No full textIn 1532, William Thynne printed the first edition of the complete works of Geoffrey Chaucer. It was also the first time his astronomical prose text, A Treatise on the Astrolabe, appeared in print.
In his treatise, Chaucer describes the use of an astronomical instrument called the astrolabe. To be able to use such an instrument required knowledge of the Ptolemaic model of the universe.
In Thynne's edition, Chaucer aqcuired the soubriquet "learned scientist" and subsequent comments seem to indicate that it was thanks to A Treatise on the Astrolabe.
In my thesis, I explore all the editions of Chaucer where the Astrolabe has appeared and give an account of the editors's views and evaluations of the text and of its author.
Most importantly, I attempt to determine how historical factors may have affected these views
Author Correction: Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19
No full textInternational audienc
Le tissage de la mythologie dans la Fantasy anglo-saxonne
No full textDans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de l écriture d un monde comme tissage métaphorique en nous intéressant aux œuvres de trois auteurs de Fantasy anglo-saxonne : J.R.R. Tolkien (The llord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillon), C.S. Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) et J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter). Notre analyse porte sur la manière dont les auteurs tissent le monde de la subcréation, empruntant à la mythologie des éléments qu ils réinsèrent à leur propre mythologie, fils mythologiques dont l entrelacement donne du poids à l univers de la Fantasy. Le processus de création, de construction d un monde apparaît comme une activité complexe qui ne se limite pas à l aspect narratif d une histoire, mais repose sur divers paramètres, la superposition de multiples couches de tissu qui a une incidence sur la solidité de l ouvrage finalisé. Dans notre travail, nous évoquons trois aspects de ce tissage à plusieurs échelles : la toile sur fond mythologique que les auteurs tissent pour apporter un cadre à la fiction, les motifs du mal ourdis sur toile de fond, puis les figures tisserandes, qu elles soient représentées au sein du texte ou qu elles se matérialisent sous la forme de l auteur lui-même.In this thesis, we tackle the problem of the writing of a world as a metaphorical weaving, taking an interest in the works of three authors of anglo-saxon s Fantasy. J.R.R. Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion), C.S. Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) and J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter). Our analysis deals with the way the authors weave the world of subcreation, borrowing from mythology elements that they reinsert into their own mythology, mythological threads whom intertwining gives weight to the universe of Fantasy. The process of creation construction of a world, appears to be a complex activity which is not limited to the narrative aspect of a story, but rests upon various parameters, the superposition of multiple lays of material that has an incidence on the solidity of the finalized work. In our thesis, we evoke three aspects of this several-scales weaving : the mythological backdrop woven by the authors to give a setting to the fiction, the patterns of evil woven on this canvass, then the weaver figures, being represented within the text or being materialized under the form of the author himself.PARIS13-BU Droit-Lettres (930792101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Effect of depression on the occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.
No full textEffect of depression on occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.
Khira El Bouragui1, 2*, Chrystel Besche-Richard2, Laurent Lefebvre1 and Mandy Rossignol1
1 UMONS - University of Mons, Belgium
2 URCA - University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
Introduction
Cognitive biases have been highlighted in depression impairing inhibition abilities (Joormann, 2007). This study aims to evaluate oculomotor inhibition, which is defined as a suppression of reflexive saccades toward peripheral cues (Nigg, 2000). To measure such processes, authors have developed an anti-saccade paradigm, in which participants have to suppress their reflexive saccade towards cues to generate a volitional saccade in the opposite direction. We adapted this task with emotional information to assess oculomotor inhibition in depression.
Method
The aim of this study is to provide evidence for inhibition deficits in a non-clinical sample using a large panel of emotions (happiness, anger, disgust and surprise). 118 students (18 to 31 years old) were submitted to an anti-saccade task. They had to focus their attention toward (pro-saccade condition) or away from (anti-saccade condition) a cue that could be (a) a non-emotional stimulus (ovals), (b) an emotional social stimulus (human faces) or (c) an emotional non-social stimulus (animals or plants) and to decide the orientation (up or down) of the arrow (target) appearing immediately after the cue. Reaction times (RT) and correct answers' rates (CA) were recorded.
Results and discussion
CA scores did not show significant difference between group and may be explained by a celling effect. RT results showed a main effect of the group for emotional information. The depressed group was slower across tasks. The global slowing effect related to depression may be interpreted in terms of motivational deficits. Results also outlined a main effect of the stimuli type. Participants were faster in the social condition than the non-social one. It seems that non-social stimuli enhance the difficulty of the task. This effect might be attributed to the more pronounced salience of human faces (Wild et al., 2001). Furthermore, interaction between task and emotion has been found and will be discussed in terms of vigilance model (Hegerl et al., 2012) and approach-avoidance model (Elliot, 2006).
References
Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and emotion, 30(2), 111-116.
Hegerl, U., Wilk, K., Olbrich, S., Schoenknecht, P., & Sander, C. (2012). Hyperstable regulation of vigilance in patients with major depressive disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 13(6), 436-446.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 281-298.
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 220.
Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? Evoked emotions while viewing emotionally expressive faces: quality, quantity, time course and gender differences. Psychiatry research, 102(2), 109-124.
Keywords: Depression, inhibition, anti-saccade, cognitive biases, emotional faces Conference: 12th National Congress of the Belgian Society for Neuroscience, Gent, Belgium, 22 May - 22 May, 2017. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Cognition and Behavior Citation: El Bouragui K, Besche-Richard C, Lefebvre L and Rossignol M (2019). Effect of depression on occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: 12th National Congress of the Belgian Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2017.94.00060 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers' terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 24 Apr 2017; Published Online: 25 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Ms. Khira El Bouragui, UMONS - University of Mons, Mons, Belgium, [email protected]
δ-Opioid receptor-mediated increase in cortical extracellular levels of cholecystokinin-like material by subchronic morphine in rats
No full textChronic stress induces transient spinal neuroinflammation, triggering sensory hypersensitivity and long-lasting anxiety-induced hyperalgesia
No full textEnhanced Cortical Extracellular Levels of Cholecystokinin-Like Material in a Model of Anticipation of Social Defeat in the Rat
No full textThe involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the mechanisms of stress and/or anxiety was assessed byin vivomicrodialysis in rats subjected to a social stress paradigm. During the initial 30 min period of each conditioning session, a male Sprague Dawley rat (intruder) was placed in a protective cage inside the cage of a male Tryon Maze Dull rat (resident), allowing unrestricted visual, olfactory, and auditory contacts but precluding close physical contact between them. During the following 15 min period, both the protective cage and the resident were removed (nondefeated intruders) or only the protective cage was removed allowing the resident to attack the intruder (defeated rats). This procedure was repeated once daily for 4 d. On the fifth day, a guide cannula was implanted into the prefrontal cortex of intruders. During a single 30 min test session, performed 4 d later, intruders were subjected to only the 30 min protected confrontation to the resident. Anxiety-like behavior (immobility, ultrasonic vocalizations, and defensive postures), associated with an increase (approximately +100% above baseline) in cortical outflow of CCK-like material (CCKLM), were observed in defeated intruders. Pretreatment with diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.p.), but not buspirone (0.5–2 mg/kg, i.p.), prevented both the anxiety-related behavior and CCKLM overflow. The selective CCK-B receptor antagonist CI-988 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the anxiety-like behavior without affecting the increase in CCKLM outflow. These data indicate that anticipation of social defeat induces a marked activation of cortical CCKergic neurons associated with anxiety-related behaviors in rats.</jats:p
Liability and Trust Analysis Framework for Multi-Actor Dynamic Microservices
No full textInternational audienceMicroservices architecture has become an increasingly common approach for building complex software systems. With the distributed nature of microservices, multiple actors can contribute to a service, hence affecting the dynamics of the environment and making the management of liabilities and trust more challenging. Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) are critical in that regard and any SLA violation or breach can result in significant financial damages. One major challenge is the lack of indicators to handle the liability and trust in such architectures. To address this issue, in this paper we propose a liability and trust analysis framework, namely the LASM Analysis Service (LAS), for multi-actor dynamic microservices that employs Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Author
Low β2 Main Peak Frequency in the Electroencephalogram Signs Vulnerability to Depression
No full textInternational audienceObjective: After an intense and repeated stress some rats become vulnerable to depression. This state is characterized by persistent low serum BDNF concentration. Our objective was to determine whether electrophysiological markers can sign vulnerability to depression.Methods: Forty-three Sprague Dawley rats were recorded with supradural electrodes above hippocampus and connected to wireless EEG transmitters. Twenty-nine animals experienced four daily social defeats (SD) followed by 1 month recovery. After SD, 14 rats had persistent low serum BDNF level and were considered as vulnerable (V) while the 15 others were considered as non-vulnerable (NV). EEG signals were analyzed during active waking before SD (Baseline), just after SD (Post-Stress) and 1 month after SD (Recovery).Results: We found that V animals are characterized by higher high θ and α spectral relative powers and lower β2 main peak frequency before SD. These differences are maintained at Post-Stress and Recovery for α spectral relative powers and β2 main peak frequency. Using ROC analysis, we show that low β2 main peak frequency assessed during Baseline is a good predictor of the future state of vulnerability to depression.Conclusion: Given the straightforwardness of EEG recordings, these results open the way to prospective studies in humans aiming to identify population at-risk for depression
