1,354,325 research outputs found
Misallocation of variance in event-related potentials: simulation studies on the effects of test power, topography, and baseline-to-peak versus principal component quantifications
No full textSince Wood and McCarthy's simulation study (Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1984;59:249-260), the use of principal component analysis (PCA) as a tool for the identification and quantification of event-related potentials (ERP) has been considered a challenge. Three relevant aspects have not been fully acknowledged in previous studies, however, and were therefore investigated in the present simulation study. Firstly, the impact of test power on the amount of variance misallocation was studied. Secondly, the impact of ERP component topography on variance misallocation was investigated. Thirdly, a systematic evaluation of variance misallocation in baseline-to-peak derived ERP measures was performed. Results based on an overall set of 2700 simulations indicate that: (a) variance misallocation is reduced to an almost acceptable level when an appropriate test power is simulated; (b) the overall amount of variance misallocation remains at an almost acceptable level when systematic topographic effects are simulated in combination with an appropriate test power; and (c) variance misallocation is in fact also a problem in baseline-to-peak measures. These findings confirm that, when used appropriately, PCA is a helpful and efficient tool for the identification and quantification of ERPs
Beauducel_Kersting_Supplement_R1 – Supplemental material for Identification of Facet Models by Means of Factor Rotation: A Simulation Study and Data Analysis of a Test for the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure
No full textSupplemental material, Beauducel_Kersting_Supplement_R1 for Identification of Facet Models by Means of Factor Rotation: A Simulation Study and Data Analysis of a Test for the Berlin Model of Intelligence Structure by André Beauducel and Martin Kersting in Educational and Psychological Measurement</p
Cognitive processes during lying about plans/intentions: An ERP study
No full textThe planned study investigates cognitive processes during lies about plans/intentions. More precisely, an ERP study will be conducted analyzing the amplitude of the Late Positive component (LPC, also known as P300) and the amplitude of the Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN). Johnson et al. (2008) as well as Scheuble and Beauducel (2020a) already found that lies about attitudes were accompanied by stronger cognitive control processes and conflicts: More negative MFN and suppressed LPC/P300 amplitudes occurred for lies about attitudes compared to honest responses. In the planned study we investigate whether these effects also occur for lies vs. honest responses about plans/intentions (e.g. whether participants want to have children, get married, learn surfing, plan to graduate).
Johnson, R., Henkell, H., Simon, E., & Zhu, J. (2008). The self in conflict: The role of executive processes during truthful and deceptive responses about attitudes. NeuroImage, 39(1), 469–482. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.032
Scheuble, V., & Beauducel, A. (2020a). Cognitive processes during deception about attitudes revisited: a replication study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 15(8), 839–848. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa10
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A strategy to explore the topography-driven distortions in the tilt field induced by a spherical pressure source. The case of Mt. Etna.
No full textWe present a strategy to thoroughly investigate the effects of prominent topography on the surface tilt due to a spherical pressure source. We use Etna's topography as a case of study and, for different source positions, we compare the tilt fields calculated through (i) a 3-D boundary element method and (ii) analytical half-space solutions. We systematically determine (i) the source positions leading to the strongest tilt misfits when numerical and analytical results are compared and (ii) the surface areas where the strongest distortions in the tilt field are most likely to be observed. We also demonstrate that, under critical circumstances, in terms of respective positions of pressure source and observation points, results of inversion procedures aimed at retrieving the source parameters can be misleading, if tilt data are analysed using models that do not account for topography.Published1471–14812V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttiviJCR Journalrestricte
Interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Stimmungsinduktion anhand geblockt dargebotener Bilder mit emotionaler Valenz : eine EKP-Studie
No full textIn zahlreichen Studien konnte bisher gezeigt werden, dass die Präsentation einzelner negativer, neutraler und positiver Bilder zu differentiellen Veränderungen der ereigniskorrelierten Potentiale (EKP) der Probanden führt (Olofsson, Nordin, Sequeira, & Polich, 2008). Diese Veränderungen gingen einher mit der subjektiven Valenz- und Aktivierungseinschätzung der Bilder durch die Probanden (z.B. Schupp et al., 2000). Allerdings basieren die bisherigen Befunde vor allem auf einer abwechselnden Präsentation unterschiedlicher Bildvalenzen (Hajcak & Nieuwenhuis, 2006). Da jedoch auf diese Weise der Emotionsverarbeitungsprozess immer wieder unterbrochen wird, können keine Aussagen über den Einfluss einer längerfristigen emotionalen Reaktion auf die EKP getroffen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit (N=60) wurde daher in einem ersten Schritt überprüft, ob die entweder positiven oder negativen Bilder in geblockter Darbietungsweise einen Einfluss auf das emotionale Erleben der Probanden im Sinne einer Stimmungsinduktion haben. Dazu wurde jeweils vor und nach Bildpräsentation die Stimmung der Probanden erfasst. Des Weiteren wurden entsprechende EKP-Veränderungen der Probanden erfasst und zu möglichen Stimmungsveränderungen in Beziehung gesetzt. Außerdem wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Komponenten zwischen negativen, neutralen und positiven Bildern differenzieren. Darüber hinaus wurden Zusammenhänge der Stimmungs- und EKP-Veränderungen mit Persönlichkeitseigenschaften der Probanden untersucht. Vor dem Hintergrund bisheriger Forschungsergebnisse wurde hier ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen der N2-Komponente des EKP und Werten auf der Behavioral-Inhibition-Skala der BIS-/BAS-Skalen (Strobel, Beauducel, Debener & Brocke, 2001) angenommen. Schließlich wurde im Rahmen einer methodischen Fragestellung überprüft, welchen Einfluss eine veränderte Referenzierung der EEG-Daten hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die negativen Bilder zu einer signifikanten Stimmungsverschlechterung bei den Probanden führen. Die EKP-Auswertung ergab vor allem eine ausgeprägte N2- und eine P3-Komponente sowie insgesamt eine stärkere Negativierung in Reaktion auf die negativen Bilder. Schließlich konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen Persönlichkeitsvariablen (Neurotizismus, Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System), dem Ausmaß der Stimmungsänderung sowie den EKP-Verläufen nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse zur N2 und P3 werden vor dem Hintergrund der erfolgten Stimmungsinduktion und möglicherweise damit einhergehenden weiteren kognitiven Prozessen wie Grübeln oder dem Einsatz von Emotionsbewältigungsstrategien diskutiert.Many studies could show that the presentation of negative, neutral and positive pictures causes differential changes in the event related potentials (ERP) of participants (Olofsson, Nordin, Sequeira, & Polich, 2008). These changes go together with subjective valence and arousal ratings (z.B. Schupp et al., 2000). However, the previous findings are mainly based upon the alternating presentation of the three picture categories (Hajcak & Nieuwenhuis, 2006). As the processing of emotions is consistently interrupted, no conclusions about long-term emotional reactions and their influences on ERP can be drawn. The first purpose of the present study (N=60) was therefore to test if the blocked presentation of either positive or negative pictures has an influence on the emotional experience of the participants. Hence a mood rating was implemented before and after the presentation of the pictures. In addition ERP were measured and related to the observed mood changes. Furthermore, the question was addressed which components of the ERP differentiate between negative, neutral and positive pictures. Also relations between the observed moodand ERP-changes and different personality traits were examined. On the basis of previous studies a relation to the Behavioral-Inhibition-Scale of the BIS-/BAS-Scales (Strobel, Beauducel, Debener & Brocke, 2001) was assumed. Finally the methodological question was addressed if a change of the EEG-reference would influence the results differentially. The results show that the blocked presentation of negative pictures caused a significant increase of the negative affect. The analysis of the ERP mainly revealed a pronounced N2-component and a P3-component as well as an overall pronounced negativity in reaction to the negative pictures. Finally, correlations between different personality traits (Neuroticism, Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System), the extent of mood change as well as the ERP-courses could be observed. The results of N2 and P3 are discussed in relation to the investigated mood induction and potentially applied emotion regulation strategies
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ein Facettenmodell zur berufsbezogenen Persönlichkeit in Situationen organisationaler Veränderungen
No full textDas Verhalten von Mitarbeitern im Kontext organisationaler (org.) Veränderungen kann besser beschrieben und erklärt werden, wenn Personen- und Situationsvariablen gemeinsam betrachtet werden (Blickle & Schneider, 2010; Burke, 2002; Holt, Armenakis, Harris & Feild, 2007). Zur Integration solcher Variablen wurde ein dreidimensionales Facettenmodell zur berufsbezogenen Persönlichkeit in Situationen organisationaler Veränderungen entwickelt (FM-PSO; vergl. Beauducel, Kersting & Liepmann, 2005; Guttman, 1954). Die drei Facetten mit jeweils drei Ausprägungen (Strukten) sind: 1.) Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, die Arbeitsverhaltensweisen zugrunde liegen (Initiative, Durchsetzung, Anpassung), 2.) die Art der Gestaltung organisationaler Rahmenbedingungen (Information, Mitbestimmung, Nutzen) und 3.) die Ebenen, auf denen organisationale Veränderungen ansetzen (Individuum, Team, Organisation). Die Permutation der Strukte unterschiedlicher Facetten führt zu 27 Struktupeln zu dessen Erfassung dreidimensionale Fragen formuliert wurden. Für den empirischen Nachweis der Struktur des Facettenmodells wurden die dreidimensionalen Fragen in zwei online Fragebögen umsetzt und hintereinander in zwei unterschiedlichen Stichproben (n1 = 151; n2 = 317) getestet. Der erste Itempool mit 162 Fragen wurde in einen zweiten Itempool mit 115 Fragen überführt. Die Prüfung der Kovarianzen der Struktupel in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell, in dem neun latente Variablen die Varianz der 27 Struktupel beschreiben, zeigt eine gute Passung mit dem Modell (Chi2SB = 413.46; df = 270; p ≤ .01; Chi2SB/df = 1.53; CFI = .969; RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .049). Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die multidimensionalen Fragen des FM-PSO gleichzeitig Aspekte der Person als auch der Situation erfassen. Damit wird auch auf die Forderung des Modernen Interaktionismus (z.B.: Endler, Hunt & Rosenstein, 1962) eingegangen und die Grundlage dafür gelegt, in zukünftigen Studien auch Kombinationen und Interaktionen der Personen und Situationsvarianzen zur Vorhersage von Verhalten im Kontext org. Veränderungen zu nutzen. Diskutiert wird u.a. die Rekodierung negativ formulierter multidimensionaler Items, die Akzeptanz und mögliche Antworttendenzen beim Einsatz multidimensionaler Items sowie die Bedeutung des dargestellten Facettenmodells für die Führung von Mitarbeitern.A facetted model of occupational personality in situations of organizational change Behavior in the context of organizational (org.) changes can best be described and predicted if variables of the person as well as the situation are considered in conjunction (Blickle & Schneider, 2010; Burke, 2002; Holt, Armenakis, Harris & Feild, 2007). In order to integrate such variables a three-dimensional facetted model of occupational personality in situations of org. changes has been developed (FM-PSO; see Beauducel, Kersting & Liepmann, 2005; Guttman, 1954). The three facets and sub-facets (structs) are: 1.) personality traits underlying behaviors in the context of organizational changes (initiative, resilience, and adaptability), b) situational factors (information, engagement, and utility), and c) the level on which the organizational change is located (individual, team, and organization). Three-dimensional items referring to one struct of each facet simultaneously have been developed in order to assess all possible 27 combinations of structs (structuples). In order to empirically establish the facetted model the items have been run in two consecutive samples with some changes from the first to the second item pool (n1 = 151; n2 = 317, number of items in sample 1: 162; sample 2: 115). Besides other analysis structure equation models have been calculated in which nine latent variables explain the covariance of 27 structuples. The results indicate that the three-dimensional items assess the content and complexity of the model (Chi2SB = 413.46; df = 270; p = .01; Chi2SB/df = 1.53; CFI = .969; RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .049). The results indicate that the three-dimensional items can be developed and analyzed in a way that they assess variance from the person and the situation perspectives along the structure of the FM-PSO. In that vein, the model and items are a response to the demands of the modern interactionism (Endler, Hunt & Rosenstein, 1962) and can serve as a basis to include combined variance from the person and the situation as well as their interactions in future validity studies. The following topics also have been discussed: a) recoding of negatively worded multidimensional(md)-items, b) acceptance of md-items, c) potential answering tendencies while answering to md-items, and the implications of the FM-PSO for employees with leadership responsibility
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Changes in brain electrical activity after cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients injured in motor vehicle accidents
No full textObjective: To explore changes for the first time in neural processing due to effective cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after severe motor vehicle accidents. Recent studies have highlighted the role of right hemisphere activation during withdrawal-related emotions (e.g., anxiety). There has been little research on changes in brain function due to cognitive-behavioral interventions in anxiety disorders. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy with an assessment-only Wait-list condition. Spontaneous electroencephalographic activity was recorded from left and right anterior and posterior regions in participants with PTSD/subsyndromal PTSD receiving CBT (n = 17) before and after a CBT program. Wait-list controls (n = 18) were investigated before and after 3 months. Results: At the pretreatment assessment, a pattern of increased right-sided activation during exposure to a trauma-related picture (relative to a neutral picture) was observed in both CBT and Wait-list participants. At posttreatment, there was a greater reduction of right anterior activation in the CBT group as compared with Wait-list controls. Across both groups, PTSD symptom reduction was significantly positively correlated with a decrease in right anterior activation to the trauma stimulus. Conclusions: These findings suggest that effective CBT treatment of PTSD may be accompanied by adaptive changes in asymmetrical brain function. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings
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