180,260 research outputs found
Correlation of physio-chemical characteristics in the seed coat and canning quality in different dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivars
No full textPlan BThe canned kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the major consumption forms of this agricultural product. In the canning industry, seed coat splitting is considered one factor affecting the integrity of the appearance in the final product. Three different dark red kidney bean cultivars (85, 453 and Nickols) grown in the Wisconsin area were studied in this research. The physiochemical properties in this study included moisture content, the seed coat to whole seed weight ratio, the weight per seed, ash, mineral (sodium, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium) and total crude protein content in the seed coat. The correlations of these properties with the seed coat splits were investigated. In the canned product, highly significant differences (P<0.01) in percentage of split seed coat were found among the three cultivars studied. Canned cv. 85 had significantly fewer seed coat splits than the other two cultivars. Cv. 85 was significantly higher in moisture content, as well as ash, sodium, calcium and iron content in the seed coat. The seed coat of cv. 453 was significantly higher in magnesium, and total crude protein. Cv. Nickols was found to be significantly higher in the weight per bean and seed coat splits after the canning process. Significant negative correlations were found between the percentage of seed coat splits, sodium (r = -0.89, p< 0.01), calcium (r = -0.74, P< 0.01) and iron content (r = -0.79, P< 0.05) in the seed coat. A positive correlation was found between sodium content and calcium content (r = 0.69, P< 0.05) in the seed coat. Increased calcium content in the seed coat was accompanied with increased sodium content. A significant positive relationship (r = 0.901, P< 0.01) was found between seed weight and the percentage of seed coat splits. This research suggested that several physiochemical factors of the seed coat, including weight per seed, sodium, calcium, and iron content, might play important roles in the integrity of the seed coat during the thermal processing
Climate Change Impacts on Maize and Dry Bean Yields of smallholder farmers in Honduras
No full textThe rotation maize and dry bean provides the main food supply of smallholder farmers in Honduras. Crop model assessment of climate change impacts (2070?2099 compared to a 1961?1990 baseline) on a maize?dry bean rotation for several sites across a range of climatic zones and elevations in Honduras. Low productivity systems, together with an uncertain future climate, pose a high level of risk for food security. The cropping systems simulation dynamic model CropSyst was calibrated and validated upon field trail site at Zamorano, then run with baseline and future climate scenarios based upon general circulation models (GCM) and the ClimGen synthetic daily weather generator. Results indicate large uncertainty in crop production from various GCM simulations and future emissions scenarios, but generally reduced yields at low elevations by 0 % to 22 % in suitable areas for crop production and increased yield at the cooler, on the hillsides, where farming needs to reduce soil erosion with conservation techniques. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies to reduce impacts and to explore adaptation tactics
Avaliação do Solo Submetido a Adubação com Lixo Orgânico e Torta de Mamona com a Fenologia da Mamoneira
No full textObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fertilidade do solo submetido a adubação orgânica, após o plantio e desenvolvimento da mamoneira. O experimento iniciou-se em outubro de 2005 com término em março de 2006, em casa-de-vegetação, na sede da Embrapa Algodão. Os tratamentos foram constituÃdos da adição da torta de mamona ao solo nas dosagens de 1, 2, 3, e 4 t.ha-1 e composto de lixo orgânico nas dosagens de 11,2; 22,4; 33,6 e 44,8 t.ha-1) comparado com três testemunhas: a) absoluta (solo sem adição de fertilizantes; b) testemunha relativa 1 com a adição de NPK, nas dosagens de 180 kg N ha-1 , 64 kg P, 52 kg K ha-1 , testemunha relativa 2, com adição dos micronutrientes Boro (B), Cobre (Cu), Ferro (Fe), Manganês (Mg) e Zinco (Zn)), nas dosagens: 1kg B ha-1; 0,5 kg Cu ha-1 ;1 kg Fe ha-1 ;1 kg Mg ha-1 e 1kg Zn ha-1. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 11 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos, os seguintes, derivados de doses de torta de mamona e de composto de lixo orgânico, com posterior estudo de contrastes ortogonais. A adubação orgânica com o composto de lixo orgânico não influenciou nas variáveis de fertilidade estudadas, exceto, para o magnésio, já a torta de mamona apresentou influencia significativa para o carbono (C), matéria orgânica (M.O) e nitrogênio (N) com curvas levemente decrescentes a medida em que se aumentou a dosagem deste adubo, porém com elevada alienação e baixos coeficientes de determinação.
Palavras-chave: macronutrientes; micronutrientes; resÃduo da mamoneira.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to evaluate the fertility of soil under organic fertilization, after planting and development of castor bean. The experiment began in October 2005 with completion in March 2006 in green-house at the headquarters of Embrapa Cotton. The treatments consisted of adding the castor bean to soil at doses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 t ha-1 and organic waste compound at doses of 11.2, 22.4, 33.6 and 44, 8 t ha-1) compared with three witnesses: a) absolute (soil without fertilizer b) control on one with the addition of NPK at rates of 180 kg N ha-1, 64 kg P, 52 kg K ha-1, testifies on second with addition of boron (B), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg) and Zinc (Zn)), the dosages: 1 kg B ha-1, 0.5 kg Cu ha-1; 1 kg Fe ha-1, 1 kg Mg ha-1 Zn and 1 kg ha-1. We used a randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications, the treatments, the following derivatives of doses of castor bean meal and compost organic waste, with further study of orthogonal contrasts. The organic fertilizer with organic waste compound had no effect on fertility variables studied, except for magnesium, since the castor bean showed significant influence on carbon (C), organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) curves slightly decreasing the extent that they increased the dosage of fertilizer, but high alienation and low coefficients of determination.
Keywords: macronutrients; micronutrients; residue from the castor bean.</div
Breeding phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) for resistance to the major pest bruchids Zabrotes subfasciatus and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Biochemical bases for seed resistance in wild lines
No full textPhaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is an important source of protein for human and animal consumption. Economic losses post-harvest in storage are primarily due to the bruchid beetles Acanthoscelides obtectus (Bean Weevil) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (Mexican Bean Weevil). Wild-lines exhibiting resistance to these two species have been found and the mechanisms of resistance to each species are investigated. The mechanisms of resistance to the two species are found to be multiple, and different for each species. In the case of Z. subfasciatus, the presence of a novel storage protein and absence of the conventional storage protein constitutes the primary mechanism. The novel protein ("arcelin") is antimetabolic when included in artificial diets. In vitro digestibility studies indicate that it is indigestible to Z. subfasciatus larval gut proteases, and since arcelin constitutes the major protein of the seed the larvae starve. Arcelin has a similar amino- acid sequence to PHA. Also present is WBAI, a highly specific inhibitor of larval amylase of the two bruchid pests Z. subfasciatus and Callosobruchus maculatus, whilst having virtually no inhibitory activity on the mammalian amylase, nor on other insect, bacterial nor fungal enzymes. WBAI is similar in gross structure to the conventional amylase inhibitor obtainable from RKB (commercial P. vulgaris), and both are also immunologically similar to PHA. Both of these mechanisms are suitable for incorporation into commercial seed, and the former has already been tested, using meal from seeds, in feeding trials using rats, confirming absence of mammalian toxicity. Resistance to A. obtectus damage is accompanied by reduced starch content, and high content of an acidic polysaccharide (whose structure has not been elucidated). No protein cause for resistance was found. Inheritance of resistance to A. obtectus is recessive. Since the factor responsible for resistance is not a primary gene product and is expressed recessively, this factor is unsuitable for incorporation into breeding lines to be used for developing commercial cultivars
Biostimulants on the seed germination and seedlings vigor of snap bean cultivars
No full textThe snap bean is a legume of the same botanical species as the common bean plant (Phaseolus
vulgaris). For being a vegetable of great economic return, the use of bioregulators in its
production presents a great potential. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of the
application of four commercial chemicals upon the germination and vigor of snap-bean
seedlings
Life history parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different environmental conditions on two bean cultivars
No full textLife-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19ºC to 5.9 d at 26ºC. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19ºC (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22ºC (32.6 eggs/female) and 26ºC (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19ºC. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) was highest at 22ºC (0.061), intermediate at 19ºC (0.044) and lowest at 26ºC (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19ºC. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombi
Transgenic Beans with the Bean Golden Mosaic Geminivirus Coat Protein Gene are Susceptible to Virus Infection
No full textDesenvolvimento de iniciadores e sonda espécie-específicos para quantificação por PCR em tempo real de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L) em alimentos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2014.A cada ano, no Brasil, o número de aprovações para eventos geneticamente modificados cresce, bem como a área plantada de culturas transgênicas. Uma vez que no Brasil a legislação exige que produtos que contenham mais de 1% de organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM) em sua composição sejam rotulados, a identificação e quantificação destes OGM se fazem necessária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método de detecção e quantificação, por PCR em tempo real, para o feijoeiro GM Embrapa 5.1 a partir de uma nova referência endógena táxon-específica para Phaseolus vulgaris, tendo como alvo uma sequência de um gene de proteína. Para isso, três genes candidatos foram selecionados e os iniciadores testados com SYBR Green. O ensaio para o gene da Arcelina não apresentou amplificação. Ambos os ensaios para o gene da Lectina e Faseolina apresentaram especificidade esperada, entretanto o da Lectina apresentou maior especificidade e eficiência. Uma sonda TaqMan foi então desenhada, para tornar o ensaio da Lectina ainda mais específico. A especificidade do ensaio LEC foi testada com 50 amostras de feijão, provenientes de dois pools genéticos, Andino e Mesoamericano e 15 amostras de controle negativo. O ensaio táxon-específico FEI, previamente desenvolvido, foi testado com 44 amostras de feijão, a fim de comparação com o ensaio LEC. As amostras de DNA de feijão apresentaram a amplificação esperada para ambos os ensaios, LEC e FEI, apresentando um Ct médio de 20,3 ± 0,73 e 26,34 ± 1,26, respectivamente. Isto sugere que o ensaio LEC possui uma especificidade maior que o ensaio FEI. A alta homogeneidade apresentada capacita o ensaio LEC a detectar variedades de feijão dos dois pools genéticos existentes. O ensaio LEC apresentou amplificação com Ct tardio (Ct > 35) para quatro amostras negativas, porém em apenas algumas reações onde foram testadas. As eficiências do método LEC foram testadas com as amostras Pérola, Pérola GM, Pontal e Pontal GM e variaram de 92% a 101% com o R2 variando entre 0,994 e 0,998. O limite de detecção para o método foi de 101 cópias de DNA genômico. Os resultados obtidos com o ensaio LEC estão dentro dos parâmetros propostos pelo European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL), podendo, desta forma, o ensaio ser utilizado em estudos de análise de feijão GM. Além disso, os iniciadores desenvolvidos podem ser utilizados para quantificação e detecção tanto do feijão convencional quanto do feijoeiro Embrapa 5.1 com ambos os sistemas de PCR, TaqMan e SYBR Green.Abstract : Every year the number of approvals for genetically modified events grows in Brazil as well as the area of cultivated transgenic crops. Once Brazilian legislation requires the labeling on products containing > 1% of GMOs in its composition, methods for the detection and quantification of new GMOs are necessary. The aim of the present work was to develop a new real time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of the GM common bean Embrapa 5.1 using a new taxon-specific endogenous reference targeting a coding gene of Phaseolus vulgaris. Three genes encoding common bean proteins were chosen and tested using SYBR Green chemistry. The assay for the Arcelin gene did not show amplification. Both Lectin and Faseolin assays showed the expected specificity although the Lectin assay presented higher specificity and efficiency. A TaqMan probe was then designed in order to develop a more specific detection method. The specificity of LEC assay was tested for 50 common bean samples from two gene pools, Andean and Mesoamerican, and 15 negative control samples. The previously developed taxon-specific FEI assay was evaluated by testing forty-four Phaseolus vulgaris varieties in order to compare with LEC assay. These common bean DNA samples presented the expected amplification signal and the mean Ct was 20.3 ± 0.73 and 26.34 ± 1.26 for LEC and FEI assays, respectively. It suggests that LEC assay has higher specificity than FEI assay. The high homogeneity makes the LEC assay able to reliably detect common bean varieties from both gene pools. LEC assay presented amplification at late Ct (Ct value > 35) in few reactions of four negative samples. The efficiencies of LEC method were performed using non-GM Pérola, non-GM Pontal, GM Pérola and GM Pontal samples and they ranged from 92% to 101% and R2 ranged from 0.994 to 0.998. Moreover, this assay presented a limit of detection of 101 genome copies. The results showed that the LEC assay meets the requirements proposed by the ENGL and it can be used in further studies of GM common bean analyses. Furthermore, the primers and probe developed in this work are suitable for both real time PCR detection chemistries, TaqMan and SYBR Green and they are suitable to detect and quantify either GM and non-GM common bean
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
O Efeito de genótipos de feijão e das formas usuais de preparo sobre a atividade antioxidante e a composição nutricional
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2010O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma importante fonte de proteína, carboidratos, fibras, minerais como ferro, cálcio, magnésio, zinco e vitaminas essenciais à dieta humana. Contudo o teor destes nutrientes pode ser alterado pela cocção e por alguns elementos considerados antinutricionais. Estes antinutrientes têm sido associados ao prejuízo da absorção de nutrientes do feijão, mas a eles também estão sendo atribuídos benefícios à saúde devido ao seu potencial antioxidante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição centesimal, os teores de fitato, minerais (Fe, Zn, Ca, K, Mg e P) e taninos, a atividade antioxidante e o conteúdo de fenólicos totais em 3 genótipos de feijões (IAPAR 81-carioca, Uirapuru-preto e BAF 55-preto) nos grãos, nos caldos e nas águas de remolho em amostras preparadas de quatro formas diferentes (feijão cru, cozido sem maceração, cozido com a água de maceração e cozido sem a água de maceração). Para a realização das análises os grãos foram separados dos caldos nas amostras cozidas e nas amostras maceradas e cozidas sem a água de remolho foram analisados os nutrientes presentes nesta água. Observou-se que a forma de cocção interfere de maneiras distintas na composição nutricional de cada genótipo de feijão analisado. Na composição centesimal o genótipo BAF 55 (preto) teve os maiores teores protéicos e de Mg, K e P do que os outros genótipos. Além disso, as amostras cozidas sem maceração preservaram os teores de minerais e proteínas em todos os genótipos. O percentual de cinzas nos grãos não teve diferenças entre os genótipos e as formas de preparo, mas nos caldos o genótipo BAF 55 (preto) apresentou valores médios maiores nas 3 formas de preparo. Os valores de lipídeos variaram somente no genótipo Uirapuru (preto), que nos grãos teve valores médios maiores quando cozido após a maceração com e sem a água de remolho. Nos caldos, o teor de lipídeo teve valores médios maiores quando cozido sem maceração. Os percentuais de carboidratos nos grãos e nos caldos apresentaram diferenças entre os genótipos quando cozidos sem a água de maceração, sendo que o genótipo Uirapuru (preto) teve valores médios de carboidratos maiores do que os demais genótipos. O teor de fitato teve médias iguais entre os genótipos. Após a cocção IAPAR (carioca) teve diminuição de fitato nos grãos cozidos sem a água de maceração. Os grãos do genótipo Uirapuru (preto) apresentaram menores médias de fitato nos cozimentos com e sem a água de maceração. Não foi detectado tanino nos grãos cozidos que devido à sua alta solubilidade migrou para os caldos. No genótipo IAPAR (carioca) foram detectados traços de tanino nos caldos por ser um genótipo com coloração mais clara. No feijão Uirapuru (preto) o caldo da amostra cozida sem maceração teve maiores médias e nos caldos do feijão BAF 55 (preto) a melhor forma de preparo foi o cozimento com maceração prévia sem a água de remolho. A atividade antioxidante apresentou os menores valores de EC50 nas amostras de grãos cozidos com e sem a água de remolho nos três genótipos, porém nas amostras de caldos os genótipos foram os determinantes das diferenças impossibilitando a identificação da melhor forma de preparo. O teor de fenólicos totais diminuiu nos três genótipos analisados após a cocção. Na fração grão não houve diferenças entre as formas de preparo em relação ao conteúdo fenólico, mas na fração caldo o cozimento sem maceração apresentou valores médios maiores de fenólicos totais quando comparado aos outros preparos. Conclui-se que o preparo sem maceração prévia foi mais eficiente na preservação das características nutricionais dos três genótipos de feijões analisados. Outros estudos com mais genótipos e avaliando a disponilidade destes nutrientes deveriam ser realizados para determinar a quantidade real dos mesmos disponíveis nos grãos, nos caldos e nas águas de remolho para a absorção após o preparo do alimento.The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamins, all of them essentials in the human diet. However, the content of these nutrients can be altered by cooking and by some elements considered antinutritionals. These elements have been associated with the reduction of the nutrient absorption from beans, but on the other hand, they are being assigned healthy benefits due to its oxidative potential. The goal of this study was to assess the centesimal composition, phytate, minerals (Fe, Zn, CA, Mg, K and P) and tannins, antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in 3 genotypes of beans (IAPAR-81, Uirapuru and BAF 55) in the grains, broths and soaking water in samples prepared from 4 different shapes (raw, cooked without soaking, cooked with water from soaking and without water from soaking). In order to carry out the water analysis, the grains were separated from the broths grains in samples cooked, uncooked retted and samples without soaked water and then were. It was noted that the form of cooking interferes on nutritional composition of each genotype. With respect to the centesimal composition, the BAF 55 genotype had the best protein, Mg, K and P contents than the other genotypes. For the samples cooked without soaking, the mineral and protein levels have not significant differences in all genotypes. The percentage of ash in the grains had not differences among the genotypes and staging forms, but in the BAF 55 genotype the result was larger in the three preparations. Lipids values presents higher average values in grains when cooked after soaking than without this process, moreover the genotype Uirapuru have higher carbohydrates average values than the other genotypes. The phytate value content had equal behavior among the different genotypes. After cooking the IAPAR genotype, the quantity of phytate was decrease without water from soaking. The genotype Uirapuru presented lower average concentration of phytate in preparations with and without water soaking. Tannins were not detected in cooked grains mainly due to its high solubility. In IAPAR genotype were detected traces of tannin in broths by its lighter coloration. In beans Uirapuru broth boiled without sample maceration had the highest average and for BAF 55, the best results were obtained by cooking with soaking without soaked water. The oxidative activity has the lowest values of EC50 in samples of cooked grains with and without soaked water in the 3 genotypes, and in samples the genotypes were the determinants of the differences making impossible to determine the best way to prepare it. The total phenolic content diminished in the three genotypes analyzed after cooking. The grain quantity did not present differences between the staging forms, but in the cooking, the broth fraction without soaking presented larger average values when compared to total phenolic level of the other genotypes. Another researches with more genotypes and with the aim to evaluate the availability of these nutrients should be conducted to determine the amount of these components in broths, grains and soaked waters after and before the preparation of foods
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