117,377 research outputs found
Ischemia leads to apoptosis - and necrosis-like neuron death in the ischemic rat hippocampus
No full textMorphological evidence of apoptosis in transient forebrain ischemia is controversial. We therefore investigated the time sequence of apoptosis-related antigens by immunohistochemistry and correlated it with emerging nuclear patterns of cell death in a model of transient forebrain ischemia in CA1 pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus. The earliest ischemic changes were found on day 2 and 3, reflected by an upregulation of phospho-c-Jun in a proportion of morphologically intact CA1 neurons, which matched the number of neurons that succumbed to ischemia at later time points. At day 3 and later 3 ischemic cell death morphologies became apparent: pyknosis, aploptosis-like cell death and necrosis-like cell death, which were confirmed by electron microscopy. Activated caspase-3 was present in the vast majority of cells with apoptosis-like morphology as well as in a small subset of cells undergoing necrosis; its expression peaked on days 3 to 4. Silver staining for nucleoli, which are a substrate for caspase-3, revealed a profound loss of nucleoli in cells with apoptosis-like morphology, whereas cells with necrosis-like morphology showed intact nucleoli. Overall, cells with apoptosis-like morphology and/or caspase-3 expression represented a minor fraction (<10%) of ischemic neurons, while the vast majority followed a necrosis-like pathway. Our studies suggest that CA1 pyramidal cell death following transient forebrain ischemia may be initiated through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation, which then either follows an apoptosis-like cell death pathway or leads to secondary necrosis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sarah L. Blum Author Visit - Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing
No full textHear Sarah L. Blum, author of Women Under Fire: Abuse in the Military, discuss her newest book, Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing followed by a Q&A and book signing.
Sarah L. Blum is a decorated Vietnam veteran who served as an operating room nurse during the intense fighting of 1967. In recognition of her service, she was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.
Sponsored by CWU Veterans Center and CWU Libraries.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/libraryevents/1252/thumbnail.jp
Lillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneur
No full textLillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneu
Letter to Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 10, 1948
No full textA handwritten letter from an unknown author addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 10, 1948. Within, the author discusses the Pennsylvania Dutch word for Ash Wednesday, along with traditions associated with this day.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/shoemaker_documents/1118/thumbnail.jp
Doctors and drugs : how Swedish emergency and family physicians understand drug prescribing
No full textBackground: Drug prescribing is increasing, making prescribing one of the most common interventions in healthcare. The beneficial effects of drugs are manifold, but drug use also involves risks of drug-drug interaction (DDI), side effects and other drug-related problems. Despite research, a gap remains in our knowledge about the variation in physicians understanding of drug prescribing. Knowledge of how physicians think about and understand drug prescribing might make it possible to influence their behaviour, and thus improve drug treatment.Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how physicians understand drug prescribing. Two groups of physicians were studied: emergency room physicians (ERs) and general practitioners (GPs). The specific aims were to (I) identify ERs perception of possibilities and obstacles in the implementation of a computerised prescribing support system; (II) explore how ERs view their work with patient drug treatment; (III) identify ways of understanding drug prescribing among GPs; and (IV) explore GPs understandings of who bears responsibility for a patient s drug list and how this responsibility is managed.Methods: An inductive qualitative approach was used in order to gain deeper knowledge about physicians experiences. Data were collected by means of semi-structured face-toface interviews (Studies I, III-IV) and focus group discussions (Study II). Thematic (Studies I-II) and phenomenographic methods (Studies III-IV) were used in analysing data.Findings: Variations were found between ERs and GPs in their views of drug prescribing, as well as within the group of GPs. The ERs expressed a need for more pharmacological training and support in working with patients drug treatment. They wanted access to current patient drug lists in order to make the diagnosis safely and quickly. A lack of follow-up appointments forces ERs to refrain from making changes to a patient s drug regime. ERs perform their work in the here and now . The GPs demonstrated how they understood drug prescribing in five ways, each of which had different foci: the biomedical aspects, the patient and society. Each GP had access to more than one view, but none included all five ways. The GPs also demonstrated a variation in understanding about responsibility for patient drug lists, and in particular about how they use different strategies to manage this responsibility. These strategies were described in five ways: imposed responsibility; responsibility for own prescriptions; responsibility for all drugs; different but shared responsibility; and patient responsibility for transferring drug information between healthcare providers.Implications: The question of responsibility for current patient drug lists and communication between settings is of utmost importance. In Sweden, a new law was passed in 2008 allowing the sharing of patient-specific information between databases. In this thesis, we see how ERs and GPs understand the responsibility for current patient drug lists in different ways. These different ways indicate that information sharing between healthcare providers is insufficient to remove potential hazards in prescribing. In order to support physicians in moving towards a comprehensive approach to prescribing, there is a need for a parallel development in: 1) physicians competence in drug prescribing; 2) patients understandings of drug use; and 3) technological solutions to facilitate a shared understanding between different physicians and patients in drug prescribing/drug therapy.List of scientific papersI. Bastholm Rahmner P, Andersén-Karlsson E, Arnhjort T, Eliasson M, Gustafsson LL, Jacobsson L, Ovesjö ML, Rosenqvist U, Sjöviker S, Tomson G, Holmström I (2004). "Physicians perceptions of possibilities and obstacles prior to implementing a computerised drug prescribing support system." Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv 17(4-5): 173-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15481682II. Bastholm Rahmner P, Gustafsson LL, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G, Holmström I (2008). " Limit work to here and now A focus group study on how emergency physicians view their work in relation to patients drug treatment." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 3(3): 155-164III. Rahmner PB, Gustafsson LL, Larsson J, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G, Holmström I (2008). "Variations in understanding the drug-prescribing process: a qualitative study among Swedish GPs." Fam Pract Dec 22: Epub ahead of print https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19103613IV. Bastholm Rahmner P, Gustafsson LL, Holmström I, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G (2008). " Whose job is it anyway Swedish general practitioners perception of their responsibility for the patients drug list." (Submitted)</p
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