13 research outputs found
Assessing the Adaptive Capacity of Slum Households to Flooding in the Coastline of Portee and Rokupa, Freetown, Sierra Leone
No full textFrequent flooding has been a significant problem in Freetown, causing loss of lives and properties. The situation is worse for coastal residents, who are more vulnerable and exposed to the impacts. The government has made commitments to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity by 2030. However, there is currently insufficient information to comprehend the coastal residents of Portee and Rokupa’s capacity to adapt to the yearly flooding to which they are subjected. This study aims to assess the adaptive capacity of 204 slum households selected by purposive sampling and using the local adaptive capacity framework. The results show that the widespread adaptive concerns are unflood-proofed housing; low membership in community-based organizations; and the lack of innovative, flexible and forward-looking flood management initiatives. This study argues that the inhabitants have reached their adaptation limit and are now fated to more loss and damage. The author recommends future studies to forecast the assets in the study location that will potentially be affected by different flood intensities when subjected to future climate change scenarios
Evolution of Floods: From Ancient Times to the Present Times (ca 7600 BC to the Present) and the Future
No full textFloods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters, causing great destruction, damage, and even fatalities worldwide. Flooding is the phenomenon of a sudden increase or even slow increase in the volume of water in a river or stream bed as the result of several possible factors: heavy or very long precipitation, melting snowpack, strong winds over the water, unusually high tides, tsunamis, or the failure of dams, gages, detention basins, or other structures that hold back water. To gain a better understanding of flooding, it is necessary to examine evidence, search for ancient wisdom, and compare flood-management practices in different regions in a chronological perspective. This study reviews flood events caused by rising sea levels and erratic weather from ancient times to the present. In addition, this review contemplates concerns about future flood challenges and possible countermeasures. Thus, it presents a catalogue of past examples in order to present a point of departure for the study of ancient floods and to learn lessons for preparation for future flood incidents including heavy rainfalls, particularly in urbanized areas. The study results show that ancient societies developed multifaceted technologies to cope with floods and many of them are still usable now and may even represent solutions and measures to counter the changing and increasingly more erratic weather of the present
Households’ readiness and community-based organisations’ role in flood management: The case of Freetown City’s coastal area
No full textFlooding is a well-known extreme climate event affecting coastal settlements around the world. It is the principal climate-related disaster encountered by residents of Portee and Rukupa, coastal slums in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The impacts of floods in these slums have been exacerbated by the lack of effective control measures to address the disaster. One reason for this ineffectiveness is a lack of information about how households are ready to manage floods and the roles of community-based organisations (CBOs) in these events. Given this concern, this study examines household readiness and CBOs’ roles in flood management in Portee and Rokupa using observation, purposive, and snowball sampling techniques to study 204 households and 12 CBOs. The results show that flood-related information in the community is mostly shared verbally among residents. In addition, most households claimed not to have received support amidst flood events, whereas CBOs within the area claimed the opposite. As such, we recommend that future studies look at household perceptions of vulnerability and willingness to take risk-reduction actions. This study encourages community members to strengthen inter-community and organisational learning, feedback, and support systems and adopt a “no wait on the government principle” for flood management
Households’ readiness and community-based organisations’ role in flood management: the case of Freetown City’s coastal area
No full textFlooding is a well-known extreme climate event affecting coastal settlements around the world. It is the principal climate-related disaster encountered by residents of Portee and Rukupa, coastal slums in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The impacts of floods in these slums have been exacerbated by the lack of effective control measures to address the disaster. One reason for this ineffectiveness is a lack of information about how households are ready to manage floods and the roles of community-based organisations (CBOs) in these events. Given this concern, this study examines household readiness and CBOs’ roles in flood management in Portee and Rokupa using observation, purposive, and snowball sampling techniques to study 204 households and 12 CBOs. The results show that flood-related information in the community is mostly shared verbally among residents. In addition, most households claimed not to have received support amidst flood events, whereas CBOs within the area claimed the opposite. As such, we recommend that future studies look at household perceptions of vulnerability and willingness to take risk-reduction actions. This study encourages community members to strengthen inter-community and organisational learning, feedback, and support systems and adopt a “no wait on the government principle” for flood management
Translation and introduction of Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī al-Kāshānī's Work Titled Mufarriḥat al-Anām fī Ta'sīs Bayt Allāh al-Ḥarām
No full textBu çalışmada Osmanlı padişahı IV. Murad (1623/1640) döneminde Mekke'de meydana gelen Büyük Sel (1039/1630) hadisesi sonrasında Kâbe'nin temelden yıkılıp yeniden inşa edilme süreci ele alınmış, bu hadiseyi aktaran Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn el-Kâşânî'nin (ö.?) kaleme aldığı Müferrihetü'l-Enâm fî Te'sîsi Beytillahi'l-Harâm adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede eserin Türkçe'ye çevirisi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmış, dil ve üslup özellikleri başta olmak üzere nitelik bakımından eser incelenmiştir. Müellif eserinde bizzat katıldığı bu imar sürecini gün gün kayıt altına almış, en önemlisi de XI/XVII yüzyıl Mekke'sinde bulunan kutsal mekânları irdelemiştir. Eser özellikle Şiî âlimler arasında büyük bir itibar görmüştür. Müellifin Kâbe'nin yeniden inşa sürecine doğrudan katılması ayrıca önemli görülmüştür. Çalışmada Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn'in hayatına değinilmiş, bunun yanı sıra Kâbe'nin XI/XVII yüzyılda yaşanan yıkım ve yeniden imar süreci ele alınarak bu süreci anlatan diğer dönem kaynakları incelenmiştir. Böylece önemli bir tarihi olaya ışık tutulmuş, Kâbe'nin imar tarihine ilişkin süreç incelenerek bu mukaddes yapının tarihsel gelişimi ve mimari evreleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mekke, Kâbe, Büyük Sel, IV. Murad, Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn, Müferrihetü'l-EnâmIn this study, the process of the Kaaba being demolished from its foundation and rebuilt following the Great Flood (1039/1630) incident that occurred in Mecca during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad IV (1623/1640) has been discussed, and the work Mufarriḥat al-Anām fī Ta'sīs Bayt Allāh al-Ḥarām written by Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn al-Kāshānī (d.?), who narrated this event, has been examined. In this context, the work has been translated into Turkish and evaluated, and it has been examined in terms of quality, including its language and style features. In his work, the author recorded this reconstruction process, which he personally participated in, day by day, and most importantly, he scrutinize the holy places in Mecca in the XI/XVII the century. The work has been highly regarded, especially among Shiite scholars. The author's direct involvement in the reconstruction process of the Kaaba is also considered important. In this study, the life of Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn is mentioned, as well as the destruction and reconstruction process of the Kaaba in the XI/XVII th century, and other period sources describing this process are examined. Thus, an important historical event has been shed light on, and the process of the Kaaba's construction history has been examined, and the historical development and architectural phases of this sacred structure have been tried to be revealed. Keywords: Mecca, Kaaba, Great Flood, Murad IV, Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al- Dīn, Mufarriḥat al-Anā
Prevalence and associated influential factors of mental health problems among Chinese college students during different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
No full textThis systematic review aims to take China as an example to determine the prevalence of mental health problems and associated influential factors of college students in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a reference for effective intervention in the future. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google scholar. A total of 30 articles were included. 1,477,923 Chinese college students were surveyed. In the early stage, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD ranged from 9.0% to 65.2%, 6.88%–41.1%, 8.53%–67.05%, and 2.7%–30.8%, respectively. Major risk factors were being a female, a medical student, isolation or quarantine, having family members or friends infected with COVID-19, and challenges of online learning. During the normalization stage, depression, anxiety, and insomnia prevalence rates ranged from 8.7% to 50.2%, 4.2%–34.6%, and 6.1%–35.0%, respectively. The main risk factors were self-quarantined after school reopening, regular taking temperature, and wearing face masks. The prevalence rates of mental health problems and associated influential factors unveiled in both stages showed that the students' mental health status was greatly affected. Therefore, a combination of efforts from the government, universities, and families or communities is highly needed to alleviate the mental health sufferings of students
THREE FUTUWWATNĀMES WRITTEN IN PERSIAN ON THE BUTCHER'S CRAFTSMAN
No full textSafeviler dönemiyle başlayan ve Farsça cevanmerd olarak nitelenen fütüvvet ehlinin tarihine, pirlerine, edep ve erkanına yer veren Farsça fütüvvetnameler arasında, kasaplara ait risaleler de mevcuttur. Bu eserlerin yazımı Selçuklular döneminde Büyük Horasan havzasında başlamıştır. Bu eserler 13. yüzyıl Anadolu Ahiliğinin temel kaynakları sayılmıştır. Farsça fütüvvetnamelerde bu meslek Hz. İbrahim’e dayandırılmıştır. Mesleğin piri Hz. Ömer ve Hz.Ali sayılmış, mesleğin kahramanı olarak ise soyu yedi kuşakta Hz. Ali’ye dayanan ve Muhammed Hanefiyye’nin (ö.81) yakın adamlarından sayılan Reyli Cevanmerd-i Gassab kabul edilmiştir.
Farsça olarak kaleme alınan fütüvvetnameden ilki ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Gassab’’ adıyla İran Meclis Kütüphanesi 8898 numaralı el yazma mecmuada bulunmaktadır. Molla Muhammed Bagir Meclisi’ye (ö.1699) ait olduğu ve Safeviler döneminde yazıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Diğer risale Ravzatü’ş Şüheda adlı meşhur eserin sahibi olan Molla Hüseyin Vaiz Kaşifi Sebzevari’ye (ö.1504) ait olup ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Sultani’’ adlı eserdeki‘’ Fasl der Beyan-i Gabze-i Kard, Satur, Kardmal ve Tir ‘’başlıklı bölümde yer alır. Üçüncü ve son risale ise ‘’Risaley-i Gassaban ve Sallahan’’ adıyla İran Sipahsalar Medresesi Kütüphanesi el yazmaları arasında yer almaktadır. Müellifi meçhuldür. Kitabet kaydı ise1879 yılıdır.
Bu üç eserde kasaplıkla ilgili benzer konular ele alınmış, mesleğin temel prensipleri belirlenmiştir. Kasapların pirleri hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Hz.İbrahim’in oğlu İsmail’i kurban ediş sırrı üzerinde durulmuş, mesleğin pirleri tanıtılmış, mesleğe ait ayet ve hadisler zikredilmiştir. Kasap esnafının edep ve erkanı sıralanmış, kasaplığın ve kasapların ahlaki kuralları soru-cevap şeklinde dikte edilmiştir. Bu makale kasaplık mesleğine dair Farsça Fütüvvetnamelerin tanıtım ve tercümesiyle iki dildeki fütüvvetnamelerin benzerliklerine dikkat çeker. Bu eserlerin birbirinin devamı olduğuna, birlikte okunması ve bilinmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapar.Among the Persian futuwwatnāmes, which started with the Ṣafavid period and are described as Persian Cevânmerd,there are also epistles belonging to butchers. The writing of these works began in the Great Khorasan basin duringthe Seljuk period. These works are considered as the main sources of the 13th century Anatolian Akhism. In Persianfutuwwatnāmes, this profession is attributed to Prophet Ibrahim. The master of the profession Hazrat (Excellency) Aliwere counted, and as the hero of the profession, Reyli Cevânmerd-i Kassâb, based on Hazrat Ali and considered oneof the close men of Muhammed Hanafiyya (d.81), was accepted. The first of the Futuwwatnāme written in Persianbelongs to Molla Hüseyin Vaizi Kâşifi Sabzevari (d.1504), who is the owner of the famous work called Ravzatü'şŞüheda.and in the section titled " Fasl der Beyân-i Gabze-i Kârd, Sâtur, Kârdmâl ve Tir ". The other treatise, namedFutuwwatnāme-i Kassâb, is in the manuscript magazine numbered 8898 in the Iranian Parliament Library. It is statedthat it belongs to Molla Muhammed Bagir Majlis (d.1699) and was written during the Ṣafavid period. The third andlast treatise is among the manuscripts of the Iranian Sipahsalar Madrasa Library, with the name of Der Beyan-i Kar-iKassâban ve Sellahân. Its author is unknown. The inscription record is 1879. In these three works, similar issuesrelated to butchery were discussed and the basic principles of the profession were determined. Detailed information isgiven about the butchers' chefs. The secret of the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim's son Ismail has been emphasized, themasters of the profession have been introduced, and the verses and hadiths of the profession have been mentioned. Thedecency and manners of the butcher shopkeepers were listed, and the moral rules of butchers were dictated in the formof questions and answers. This article draws attention to the similarities between the introduction and translation of thePersian Futuwwatnāmes on the butchery profession and the futuwwatnāmes in two languages. He emphasizes thatthese works are the continuation of each other and that they should be read and known together.Keywords: Persian Futuwwatnāmes, Butcher Craftsman, History of Akhi Order, Muhammed Baghir,Molla Huseyin Kashifî, Safavids
THREE FUTUWWATNĀMES WRITTEN IN PERSIAN ON THE BUTCHER'S CRAFTSMAN
No full textSafeviler dönemiyle başlayan ve Farsça cevanmerd olarak nitelenen fütüvvet ehlinin tarihine, pirlerine, edep ve erkanına yer veren Farsça fütüvvetnameler arasında, kasaplara ait risaleler de mevcuttur. Bu eserlerin yazımı Selçuklular döneminde Büyük Horasan havzasında başlamıştır. Bu eserler 13. yüzyıl Anadolu Ahiliğinin temel kaynakları sayılmıştır. Farsça fütüvvetnamelerde bu meslek Hz. İbrahim’e dayandırılmıştır. Mesleğin piri Hz. Ömer ve Hz.Ali sayılmış, mesleğin kahramanı olarak ise soyu yedi kuşakta Hz. Ali’ye dayanan ve Muhammed Hanefiyye’nin (ö.81) yakın adamlarından sayılan Reyli Cevanmerd-i Gassab kabul edilmiştir.
Farsça olarak kaleme alınan fütüvvetnameden ilki ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Gassab’’ adıyla İran Meclis Kütüphanesi 8898 numaralı el yazma mecmuada bulunmaktadır. Molla Muhammed Bagir Meclisi’ye (ö.1699) ait olduğu ve Safeviler döneminde yazıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Diğer risale Ravzatü’ş Şüheda adlı meşhur eserin sahibi olan Molla Hüseyin Vaiz Kaşifi Sebzevari’ye (ö.1504) ait olup ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Sultani’’ adlı eserdeki‘’ Fasl der Beyan-i Gabze-i Kard, Satur, Kardmal ve Tir ‘’başlıklı bölümde yer alır. Üçüncü ve son risale ise ‘’Risaley-i Gassaban ve Sallahan’’ adıyla İran Sipahsalar Medresesi Kütüphanesi el yazmaları arasında yer almaktadır. Müellifi meçhuldür. Kitabet kaydı ise1879 yılıdır.
Bu üç eserde kasaplıkla ilgili benzer konular ele alınmış, mesleğin temel prensipleri belirlenmiştir. Kasapların pirleri hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Hz.İbrahim’in oğlu İsmail’i kurban ediş sırrı üzerinde durulmuş, mesleğin pirleri tanıtılmış, mesleğe ait ayet ve hadisler zikredilmiştir. Kasap esnafının edep ve erkanı sıralanmış, kasaplığın ve kasapların ahlaki kuralları soru-cevap şeklinde dikte edilmiştir. Bu makale kasaplık mesleğine dair Farsça Fütüvvetnamelerin tanıtım ve tercümesiyle iki dildeki fütüvvetnamelerin benzerliklerine dikkat çeker. Bu eserlerin birbirinin devamı olduğuna, birlikte okunması ve bilinmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapar.Among the Persian futuwwatnāmes, which started with the Ṣafavid period and are described as Persian Cevânmerd,there are also epistles belonging to butchers. The writing of these works began in the Great Khorasan basin duringthe Seljuk period. These works are considered as the main sources of the 13th century Anatolian Akhism. In Persianfutuwwatnāmes, this profession is attributed to Prophet Ibrahim. The master of the profession Hazrat (Excellency) Aliwere counted, and as the hero of the profession, Reyli Cevânmerd-i Kassâb, based on Hazrat Ali and considered oneof the close men of Muhammed Hanafiyya (d.81), was accepted. The first of the Futuwwatnāme written in Persianbelongs to Molla Hüseyin Vaizi Kâşifi Sabzevari (d.1504), who is the owner of the famous work called Ravzatü'şŞüheda.and in the section titled " Fasl der Beyân-i Gabze-i Kârd, Sâtur, Kârdmâl ve Tir ". The other treatise, namedFutuwwatnāme-i Kassâb, is in the manuscript magazine numbered 8898 in the Iranian Parliament Library. It is statedthat it belongs to Molla Muhammed Bagir Majlis (d.1699) and was written during the Ṣafavid period. The third andlast treatise is among the manuscripts of the Iranian Sipahsalar Madrasa Library, with the name of Der Beyan-i Kar-iKassâban ve Sellahân. Its author is unknown. The inscription record is 1879. In these three works, similar issuesrelated to butchery were discussed and the basic principles of the profession were determined. Detailed information isgiven about the butchers' chefs. The secret of the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim's son Ismail has been emphasized, themasters of the profession have been introduced, and the verses and hadiths of the profession have been mentioned. Thedecency and manners of the butcher shopkeepers were listed, and the moral rules of butchers were dictated in the formof questions and answers. This article draws attention to the similarities between the introduction and translation of thePersian Futuwwatnāmes on the butchery profession and the futuwwatnāmes in two languages. He emphasizes thatthese works are the continuation of each other and that they should be read and known together.Keywords: Persian Futuwwatnāmes, Butcher Craftsman, History of Akhi Order, Muhammed Baghir,Molla Huseyin Kashifî, Safavids
