322,965 research outputs found
Androgens and Erythropoiesis: A Review.
No full textAssociation between androgens and erythropoiesis has been known for more than
seven decades. Androgens stimulate hematopoietic system by various mechanisms.
These include stimulation of erythropoietin release, increasing bone marrow
activity and iron incorporation into the red cells. Before the discovery of
recombinant erythropoietin (rhEpo), androgens were used in the treatment of
anemia associated with renal disease, bone marrow suppression, and
hypopituitarism. Anabolism is an additional advantage of androgen therapy.
Furthermore, in light of recent reports regarding adverse effects of rhEpo, the
role of androgen therapy in various types of anemias should be readdressed.
Polycythemia remains a known side effect of androgen therapy. In this review,
we will briefly discuss the initial animal and human studies which demonstrated
the role of androgens in the treatment of anemia, their mechanism of action, a
detailed account of the efficacy of androgens in the treatment of various
anemias, the erythropoietic side effects of androgens and finally, the
relationship between hematocrit levels and cardiovascular disease
Endocrine complications of androgen-deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer.
No full textProstate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is often employed in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer. Although its use as an adjuvant therapy has resulted in improved survival in a subset of patients, ADT also results in a multitude of endocrine complications. These complications affect quality of life and sense of well-being in these men. Some of the endocrine complications of ADT such as osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, hot flashes, gynecomastia, and adverse body composition are well-known. Recently, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome have emerged as metabolic complications of castration and may be responsible for increased cardiovascular mortality in this population. In this article, we provide a detailed review of the endocrine complications of ADT, touching upon management strategies where applicable
Circulating inflammatory cytokine expression in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy
No full textProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common
cancers in men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is employed in
the treatment of patients with metastatic or recurrent PCa, resulting
in castrate levels of testosterone. Recent studies have shown that
male hypogonadism is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory
and diminished concentrations of anti-inflammatory
cytokines, which normalize upon testosterone treatment. Furthermore,
an inflammatory state is associated with osteoporosis,
sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities. We examined 3 groups of
men: 1) 20 men with PCa undergoing ADT for at least 12 months
prior to the onset of the study (ADT group); 2) 18 age-matched men
with non-metastatic PCa who had undergone local surgery and/or
radiotherapy and had not yet received ADT and were eugonadal
(non-ADT group); and 3) 20 age-matched healthy eugonadal men
(control group). None of the subjects were suffering from any acute
or chronic inflammatory conditions. Mean age was similar in the 3
groups (P 5 .41). Men in the ADT and non-ADT groups had higher
BMI compared to the control group (P 5 .0005 and P 5 .01,
respectively). Men in the ADT group had significantly lower mean
serum total (P , .0001) and free (P , .0001) testosterone and
estradiol (P , .0001) levels compared to the other 2 groups. No
significant differences in serum levels of pro-inflammatory or
antiinflammatory
cytokines were observed between the 3 groups. These
data suggest that men with PCa undergoing long-term ADT do not
have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to age
and disease matched controls. Prospective studies are needed to
evaluate for any acute changes in these inflammatory markers that
might occur after the initiation of ADT
Espressione dei Livelli Circolanti di Citochine Infiammatorie in Soggetti con Neoplasia Prostatica sottoposti a Terapia di Deprivazione Androgenica
No full textWeight gain on androgen deprivation therapy: which patients are at highest risk?
No full textAbstract not availableDaniel M. Seible, Xiangmei Gu, Andrew S. Hyatt, Clair J. Beard, Toni K. Choueiri, Jason A.Efstathiou, David T.Miyamoto, TimurMitin, Neil E.Martin, Christopher J.Sweeney, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Joshua A. Beckman, Shehzad Basaria, and Paul L. Nguye
About the issue of private property relations and the genesis of entrepreneurship (კერძოსაკუთრებრივი ურთიერთობებისა და მეწარმეობის გენეზისის საკითხისათვის)
No full text• Basaria V., Basaria R. (2017). „ekonomikis printsipebi“. sakartvelos akademiuri gamomtsemloba.
[“Principles of Economics”. Georgian Academic Publishing House,
Tbilisi pp.362).] In Georgian.
• ekonomikuri leksikoni (2011). propesor a. silagadzis redaktorobit. tsu-is gamomtsemloba,
tbilisi. [Economic Dictionary. (2011). Under the leadership of Prof.
A. Silagadze. TSU Publishing House, Tbilisi.] In Georgian.
• tsagolovi g. (2016). „meshvide pormatsia“. interviu „ekonomika da biznesi“ N1,
[Tsagolov G. (2016). “The Seventh Formation.” Interview. “Economy and Business”
N1.pp.151-158.] In Georgian.
• Biznes. Tolkovyy slovar. (1998) Angl. - russk. - M .: INFRA. [Business. Explanatory
dictionary. English - Russian - M .: INFRA pp. 760.] In Russian.
• Macconnell, Campbell R., Bru, Stanley L. (1992). Economics - Principles, Problems
and Politics in 2 vol. V II. – “Republic” pp.400.
• Macmillan (1997). Glossariy sovremennykh ekonomicheskikh teoriy. [Dictionary
Modern Economic Theory. - M .: INFRA – M, pp.608.] In Russian.
• Tabakov S. (1997). Evolyutsiya otnosheniy sobstvennosti. «Ekonomist» №2. [
Evolution of Property Relations. M. “The Economist” N2.] In Russian.An important role in ensuring the well-being of the population is how the
society has mastered the defining (basic) reasons for its economic activities
- its own relations and the motivation of the activities caused by them - and
how it uses them to achieve the desired result. The coexistence and ratio of two
forms of property, private property and public property, has historically always
conditioned the essence of the socio-economic order, the result of economic
activity. At the same time, private property, the substance that determines
motivation, has always been dominant. Therefore, understanding the motivation
of private owners, the correct theoretical assessment of the pros and cons
of this motivation and the impact on the well-being of their society and its
practical application should become one of the main means of developing highyield
production in our country. In our reality, the solution to this problem is
complicated by the fact that private property was restored in the country not
through the acquisition of wealth, but through the privatization of public property
by individuals using various illegal, criminal methods of ownership of the entire
population. Added to this was the seizure of wealth by private owners by the
criminal “elite” imprisoned in state structures in 2002-2012. It is clear that such
a nature of the process would not have contributed to the stimulation of the
motivation of private property relations, weakening its downside. This indicates
that the Georgian government must grasp the importance and severity of the
problem, consistently and simultaneously pursue a comprehensive policy of
maximizing the pros and cons of the relationship between private owners
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Welcoming low testosterone as a cardiovascular risk factor.
No full textMale hypogonadism now has a new spectrum of complications. They are
mainly cardiometabolic in
nature. Low serum testosterone levels are a risk factor for diabetes,
metabolic syndrome,
inflammation and dyslipidemia. These metabolic and inflammatory complications
are not without
consequences. Recent studies have shown low serum testosterone levels to be an
independent risk
factor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is time to welcome low
serum testosterone levels
as a cardiovascular risk factor
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