135,083 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Analyse de l'efficacité, la sécurité, et la prédictibilité des implants ARTIS Toric, et comparaison de la formule Barret Toric K versus Barret Toric TK
No full textObjectif : évaluer l’efficacité, la sécurité et la prédictibilité des implants toriques Artis dans la chirurgie de la cataracte, puis comparer deux formules de calculs pour la prédiction de l’astigmatisme post-opératoire, la formule Barret II Toric K versus la formule Barret II Toric TK.Méthodes : il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective, monocentrique avec inclusion consécutive de tous les patients opérés de la cataracte avec implantation d’un implant intracapsulaire monofocal torique Artis, entre juin 2022 et janvier 2023 au CHU Nord de Marseille, en excluant tout patient avec antécédent ou pathologie ophtalmologique significative. L’évaluation de la biométrie oculaire était réalisée grâce au IOL Master 700 (Zeiss). L’évaluation de l’acuité visuelle et de l’astigmatisme résiduel était faite à 1 mois post-opératoire. Des analyses vectorielles des erreurs de prédiction d’astigmatisme ont été réalisées pour chaque formule, puis comparées.Résultats : 76 yeux ont été inclus. A 1 mois post-opératoire, l’acuité visuelle non corrigée était d’environ 7,8 +/- 0,19 10e, avec un cylindre moyen de 0,73 +/- 0,43 D, dont 45 % des yeux avec un cylindre £0,50 D et 83 % des yeux avec un cylindre £1,00 D. L’erreur centroïde des prédictions d’astigmatisme résiduels était légèrement inférieure en utilisant la formule Toric TK par rapport à la formule Toric K, mais sans significativité (0,10 +/- 0,75 D à 137° vs 0,11 +/- 0,76 D à 141° ; p = 0,88). Il n’y avait pas non plus de différence significative pour l’erreur absolue moyenne des prédictions d’astigmatisme résiduels entre les deux formules (0,64 +/- 0,42 D vs 0,64 +/- 0,41 D ; p = 0,98).Conclusion : l’implant Artis torique est un implant fiable pour la correction des astigmatismes réguliers lors de la chirurgie de la cataracte. Concernant à la comparaison entre la formule Barret K et formule Barret TK pour le choix de la puissance de l’implant, nous ne retrouvons pas de différence significative entre les erreurs de prédiction des deux formules. D’autres études sur de plus gros volumes de patient seraient nécessaires pour définir dans quelles circonstances l’utilisation de la TK serait à privilégier
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Wosinska, W/Cialdini, R.B./Barret, D. W./Reykowski, J. (eds.): The Practice of social influence in multiple cultures, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ; 2001. [Rezension]
No full textRezension von: Wosinska, W / Cialdini, R.B. / Barret, D. W. /Reykowski, J. (eds.): The Practice of Social Influence in Multiple Cultures, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ; 2001, 392 S
A tale of two periods: determination of the orbital ephemeris of the super-Eddington pulsar NGC7793 P13
No full textWe present a timing analysis of multiple XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the ultra-luminous pulsar NGC 7793 P13 spread over its 65d variability period. We use the measured pulse periods to determine the orbital ephemeris, confirm a long orbital period with P_orb = 63.9 (+0.5,-0.6) d, and find an eccentricity of e <= 0.15. The orbital signature is imprinted on top of a secular spin-up, which seems to get faster as the source becomes brighter. We also analyse data from dense monitoring of the source with Swift and find an optical photometric period of 63.9 +/- 0.5 d and an X-ray flux period of 66.8 +/- 0.4 d. The optical period is consistent with the orbital period, while the X-ray flux period is significantly longer. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy, which could be due to a super-orbital period caused by a precessing accretion disk or an orbital resonance. We put the orbital period of P13 into context with the orbital periods implied for two other ultra-luminous pulsars, M82 X-2 and NGC 5907 ULX and discuss possible implications for the system parameters
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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