70,462 research outputs found
r-barnes/richdem: Zenodo DOI Release
No full text<p>RichDEM is a set of digital elevation model (DEM) hydrologic analysis tools. RichDEM uses parallel processing and state of the art algorithms to quickly process even very large DEMs.</p>
<p>RichDEM offers a variety of flow metrics, such as D8 and D∞. It can flood or breach depressions. It can calculate flow accumulation, slops, curvatures, &c.</p>
<p>RichDEM is available as a performant C++ library, a low-dependency Python package, and a set of command-line tools.</p>
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
cheryl-barnes/Predation_TrophicStability: Ecological Applications Publication Release v1.0.0
No full textCitation: Barnes, C. L., A. H. Beaudreau, M. W. Dorn, K. K. Holsman, and F. J. Mueter. 2020. Development of a predation index to assess trophic stability in the Gulf of Alaska. Ecological Applications.
Overview
This repository details the methods used to calculate indices of predation for Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Gulf of Alaska (MT per year; 1990 to 2015). Pollock predators included: Arrowtooth Flounder (Atheresthes stomias), Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and Walleye Pollock conspecifics. We used predation indices to estimate synchrony in pollock consumption and make inferences about trophic stability among demersal fishes in the Gulf of Alaska.
File Structure
Input data (survey and food habits) and shapefiles can be found in Folder 1 ('1_Data' folder). Folders 2 through 5 contain species-specific analyses and resulting estimates for each component of the predation index. Results from distribution/density models (i.e., large .rda files) were not included. Folder 6 contains predation indices (all predators combined) for each of the spatial scales of interest: basin, the area encompassed by the stock assessment for Gulf of Alaska pollock, subregion, and statistical area. Script files in Folder 6 also include variance ratio calculations, which enabled estimates of synchrony and portfolio effects. Specific analyses that resulted in publication tables and figures are noted throughout.
All analyses were conducted using R v3.6 (R Core Team 2018).
Data Sources
Total Predator Biomass: Total biomass estimates were obtained from the most recent stock assessment for each groundfish predator (Barbeaux et al. 2017, Dorn et al. 2017, Hanselman et al. 2017, Spies et al. 2017, Stewart and Hicks 2017). Coast-wide estimates for Pacific Halibut were adjusted to reflect biomass in the Gulf of Alaska.
Relative Predator Densities: Bottom trawl survey data (all groundfish predators; 1990 to 2017) were collected by the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering (RACE) Division of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC, NOAA) and are publicly accessible at https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/RACE/groundfish/survey_data/data.htm. See von Szalay et al. (2016) for information about bottom trawl survey design and data collection methods. Setline survey data (Pacific Halibut; 1998 to 2017) were collected by the International Pacific Halibut Commission and are publicly available at: https://iphc.int/data/fiss-data-query. For setline survey methods, see Clark and Hare (2006). Longline survey data (Sablefish; 1990 to 2017) were collected by the AFSC's Auke Bay Laboratories and can be found at https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/maps/longline/Map.php. See Sigler and Zenger (1989) for methods descriptions of the longline survey.
Mean Annual Rations and Age-specific Proportions of Pollock Consumed: Food habits data (all groundfish predators; 1990 to 2015) were provided by the AFSC's Resource Ecology and Ecosystem Modeling (REEM) Program and are publicly accessible at: https://access.afsc.noaa.gov/REEM/WebDietData/DietDataIntro.php. For food habits data collection and processing methods, see Livingston et al. (2017).
Financial and Logistical Support
This project was funded by the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (G00009488) and the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center associated with the University of Alaska Fairbanks. An anonymous donor supplied additional funds via the Northern Gulf of Alaska Applied Research Award. The University of Alaska (Juneau Fisheries Division and Southeast Sitka Campus) provided facilities and additional support.
Acknowledgments
We appreciate assistance with data acquisition and processing from Kerim Aydin, Steve Barbeaux, Troy Buckley, Dana Hanselman, Tom Kong, Geoff Lang, Wayne Palsson, and Ian Stewart. Jordan Watson and Lorenzo Ciannelli provided guidance on the initial development of spatial models. Mary Hunsicker and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments to improve upon the analyses detailed here.
The authors would like to acknowledge Terry Quinn for offering his insight and expertise during earlier stages of this project. We have dedicated this work to him.
References
Stock Assessments
Barbeaux, S., K. Aydin, B. Fissel, K. Holsman, and W. Palsson. 2017. Assessment of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Fishery Management Council Gulf of Alaska SAFE Report 189–332.
Dorn, M., K. Aydin, B. Fissel, D. Jones, A. McCarthy, W. Palsson, and K. Spalinger K. 2017. Assessment of the Walleye Pollock stock in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Fishery Management Council Gulf of Alaska SAFE Report 47–182.
Hanselman, D. H., C. J. Rodgveller, C. R. Lunsford, and K. H. Fenske. 2017. Assessment of the Sablefish stock in Alaska. North Pacific Fishery Management Council Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska SAFE Report 327–502.
Spies, I., K. Aydin, J. N. Ianelli, and W. Palsson. 2017. Assessment of the Arrowtooth Flounder stock in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Fishery Management Council Gulf of Alaska SAFE Report 749–846.
Stewart, I., and A. Hicks. 2017. Assessment of the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) stock at the end of 2017. International Pacific Halibut Commission IPHC-2018-AM094-10.
Survey and Food Habits Data
Clark, W. G., and S. R. Hare. 2006. Assessment and management of Pacific halibut: data, methods, and policy. IPHC Scientific Report 83.
Livingston, P. A., K. Aydin, T. W. Buckley, G. M. Lang, M-S. Yang, and B. S. Miller. 2017. Quantifying food web interactions in the North Pacific – a data-based approach. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 100(4):443–470.
Sigler, M. F., and H. H. Zenger, Jr. 1989. Assessment of Gulf of Alaska Sablefish and other groundfish based on the domestic longline survey, 1987. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC Report 169.
von Szalay, P. G., and N. W. Raring. 2016. Data report: 2015 Gulf of Alaska bottom trawl survey. Seattle, WA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-325.
Species Distribution Modeling
Barnes, C. L., A. H. Beaudreau, M. E. Hunsicker, and L. Ciannelli (2018). Assessing the potential for competition between Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Arrowtooth Flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska. PLoS ONE 13(12):e0209402.
Hunsicker, M. E., L. Ciannelli, K. M. Bailey, S. Zador, and L. Stige. 2013. Climate and demography dictate the strength of predator-prey overlap in a subarctic marine ecosystem. PLoS ONE 8(6):e66025.
Shelton, A. O., M. E. Hunsicker, E. J. Ward, B. E. Feist, R. Blake, C. L. Ward, et al. 2017. Spatio-temporal models reveal subtle changes to demersal communities following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. ICES Journal of Marine Science doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsx079.
Bioenergetics
Armstrong JB and Schindler DE. 2011. Excess digestive capacity in predators reflects a life of feast and famine. Nature. 476:84–87.
Beaudreau, A. H., and T. E. Essington. 2009. Development of a new field-based approach for estimating consumption rates of fishes and comparison with a bioenergetics model for lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:565−578.
Harvey, C. J. 2009. Effects of temperature change on demersal fisheries in the California Current: a bioenergetics approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:1449–1461.
Holsman, K. K., and K. Aydin. 2015. Comparative methods for evaluating climate change impacts on the foraging ecology of Alaskan groundfish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 521:217–235.
Holsman, K. K., K. Aydin, J. Sullivan, T. Hurst, and G. Kruse. 2019. Climate effects and bottom-up controls on growth and size-at-age of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Alaska (USA). Fisheries Oceanography 28:345–358.
Miscellaneous
Brodziak, J. 2012. Fitting length-weight relationships with linear regression using the log-transformed allometric model with bias-correction. NOAA Technical Memorandum PIFSC-H-12-03.
Chipps, S. R., and J. E. Garvey. 2007. Assessment of diets and feeding patterns. In: Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries data. C. S. Guy and M. L. Brown, editors. Bethesda, MD. American Fisheries Society 473–514.
R Core Team. 2018. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
R. H. Barnes, D. De Coppet & R. J. Parkin, eds., Contexts an Levels. Anthropological Essays on Hierarchy
No full textKrauskopff Gisèle. R. H. Barnes, D. De Coppet & R. J. Parkin, eds., Contexts an Levels. Anthropological Essays on Hierarchy. In: L'Homme, 1987, tome 27 n°101. Du bon usage des dieux en Chine. pp. 162-164
M.-L. Nabholz-Kartaschoff, R. Barnes & D. J. Stuart-Fox, eds., Weaving Patterns of Life
No full textLévi-Strauss Monique. M.-L. Nabholz-Kartaschoff, R. Barnes & D. J. Stuart-Fox, eds., Weaving Patterns of Life. In: L'Homme, 1995, tome 35 n°135. La formule canonique des mythes. pp. 152-153
Repositioning the graphic designer as researcher
No full textIn academic terms, the discipline of graphic design is relatively young. Consequently the position of the discipline within academic territory, and the role of the designer, continue to be debated. In part, these debates have been a product of attempts to define and defend the discipline’s borders from within, in order to establish a sense of the role of graphic design and the graphic designer as commensurate with other disciplines both within and beyond art and design. In recent years graphic designers have variously been defined as ‘authors’, ‘producers’ and ‘readers’, yet none of these definitions seem to have provided any kind of productive or lasting impact within the academy. This paper suggests that rather than continue to seek territorial definitions and positions from within, it could be more productive to look beyond the confines of the discipline. Gaining a broader, interdisciplinary perspective on, and understanding of, qualitative research methods from other disciplines may enable the graphic designer to more fully position his or her practice within the wider academy. Such a perspective could help facilitate the repositioning and redefinition of the graphic designer as ‘researcher’ - a move that would be productive in relation to the future development of postgraduate research within the discipline
Interview with Charles A. Barnes
No full textInterview in six sessions, July and August 1987, with Charles A. Barnes, professor of physics, Caltech. He talks about his childhood and adolescence in Ontario, Canada; his early affinity for mathematics and science; undergraduate years at Canada’s McMaster University; wartime work in the British-Canadian atomic energy project at Chalk River, Montreal; and postwar PhD studies in physics at the University of Cambridge, working with O. Frisch and D. Wilkinson. The discussion of his 40-year career in Caltech's Kellogg Radiation Laboratory deals with many aspects of the lab’s history, personnel, and research contributions. Barnes talks about his nuclear physics collaborations with W. Fowler, T. Lauritsen, C. Lauritsen, and R. Christy. He gives a detailed account of his and Kellogg’s accelerator-based investigations into the nature of the weak nuclear interaction—a key focus of postwar work in quantum field theory and the development of grand unified theories—and describes research collaborations in this area with theorists M. Gell-Mann and R. P. Feynman. He talks about Kellogg’s social and scientific culture, the development of its accelerators and the chronology of its research, its groundbreaking investigations into stellar evolution and stellar nucleosynthesis, and the awarding of the 1983 Nobel Prize in physics to Fowler for his work in nucleosynthesis. Barnes describes his work with J. Bahcall on the solar neutrino flux and discusses the research contributions of K. Thorne, J. DuMond, F. Boehm, M. Schmidt, and G. J. Wasserburg, among others. The interview also covers Kellogg’s role in the physics and astrophysics community, both within and beyond Caltech, and the lab’s relationship with Caltech administration, including presidents and division chairs; Barnes’s work with students; and his views on current trends and future directions in physics and astrophysics
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
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