9 research outputs found
Reizer, Barbara E. (Birth, 1904-09-02)
No full textAddress: St. Lawrence Ave.3860/P. 173/1904/F W/Ky/Cinti/Mrs. L. VorbachOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'REIK-REMY'
Comportement et reproduction d\u27Heterotis niloticus en petits étangs
No full textThe Author relates experiments on Heterotis niloticus culture led in 1963 and at the beginning of 1964 at Bouake fish culture station (Ivory Coast).He carefully describes the breeding process of this fish in small ponds and tries to explain the important mortality rate of fingerlings which was recorded. Among the reviewed hypotheses, cannibalism by the parents or other Heterotis appears likely, however possibility of predation from other animals (frogs, other fishes or birds) is not excluded.El autor da cuenta de las experiencias de piscicultura de Heterolis nilolicus, Ilevadas a cabo en 1963 y a principios de 1964, en la Estación de Piscicultura de Bouaké Costa del Marfil), describiendo detalladamente el proceso de reproducción de este pez en los estanques de superficie reducida e intenta explicar las mortalidades importantes de crías de esta especie de peces que han podido ser comprobadas. Entre las hipótesis examinadas, parece verosímil el canibalismo de los padres o bien de otros Heterotis, aun cuando no se excluye la posibilidad de ataque por parte de animales u otros peces que viven de las presas capturadas (ranas, diversos géneros de peces o bien, pájaros).L\u27auteur relate des expériences d\u27élevage d\u27Heterotis niloticus menées en 1963 et au début de 1964 à la station piscicole de Bouaké (Côte d\u27Ivoire).Il décrit minutieusement le processus de reproduction de ce poisson dans les étangs de la station et tente d\u27expliquer le taux de mortalité important des alevins qui a été enregistré. Parmi les hypothèses examinées, le cannibalisme par les parents ou d\u27autres Heterotis semble probable, mais la possibilité de prédation par d\u27autres animaux (grenouilles, autres poissons ou oiseaux) n\u27est pas exclue
Phenotypic Analysis of a Novel Member of the Two-marked Treehopper (Enchenopa binotata) Complex
No full textTwo-marked treehoppers (Enchenopa binotata) form a complex of 11 closely related species across eastern North America. The members of this species complex have undergone sympatric speciation following a switch in host tree species. The senior author recently discovered a twelfth member of this species complex living on the common silverbell tree (Halesia tetraptera). Reproductive isolation has occurred between these treehopper species as male and female mating calls diverge from their common ancestor.
Although adult two-marked treehoppers are morphologically indistinguishable between members of the complex, there are clear differences in phenotype within the first and fifth instar nymphs. Our objectives were to measure the morphology of field-collected nymphs from this new two-marked treehopper species and compare them to existing data on 9 other members of the species complex and an outgroup, the wide-footed treehopper (Campylenchia latipes).
Nymphs were digitally photographed in the laboratory and traits were measured using ImageJ software. We quantified 7 characters on first instar nymphs and 24 characters on the fifth instar nymphs. We used Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analyses to determine the phenotypic similarity between nymphs at both stages within the species complex.
We used four distance measures (Eulidean, Manhattan, Mean Square Deviation, and Root Mean Square Deviation) in the UPGMA and created a bootstrapped dendrogram from the distance measure with the highest cophenetic correlation value. We found that first instar nymphs on common silverbell were morphologically most similar to the first instar nymphs on common hoptree (Ptelea spp.; cophenetic correlation = 0.7356). In the 5th instar, nymphs from common silverbell clustered as most similar to the outgroup, the wide-footed treehopper (cophenetic correlation = 0.8355). For the combined first and fifth instars, treehoppers from common silverbell were once again morphologically most similar to the outgroup, the wide-footed treehopper (cophenetic correlation index = 0.83527).
Keywords: evolution, phenetics, Membracida
Analysis of National Verses Long-Range Transport Contribution to Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Load in Selected Location in Poland
No full textRadiological Assessment of Coal Fly Ash from Polish Power and Cogeneration Plants: Implications for Energy Waste Management
No full textThe combustion of hard coal and lignite in power and combined heat and power plants generates significant amounts of coal fly ash (CFA), a waste material with variable properties. CFA naturally contains radionuclides, specifically naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), which pose potential radiological risks to the environment and human health during their storage and utilization, including their incorporation into building materials. Although global research on the radionuclide content in CFA is available, there is a clear gap in detailed and current data specific to Central and Eastern Europe and notably, a lack of a systematic analysis investigating the influence of installed power plant capacity on the concentration profile of these radionuclides in the generated ash. This study aimed to fill this gap and provide crucial data for the Polish energy and environmental context. The objective was to evaluate the concentrations of selected radionuclides (232Th, 226Ra, and 40K) in coal fly ash samples collected between 2020 and 2023 from 19 Polish power and combined heat and power plants with varying capacities (categorized into four groups: S1–S4) and to assess the associated radiological risk. Radionuclide concentrations were determined using gamma spectrometry, and differences between groups were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods, including PERMANOVA. The results demonstrated that plant capacity has a statistically significant influence on the concentration profiles of thorium and potassium but not radium. Calculated radiological hazard assessment factors (Raeq, Hex, Hin, IAED) revealed that although most samples fall near regulatory limits (e.g., 370 Bq kg−1 for Raeq), some exceed these limits, particularly in groups S1 (plants with a capacity less than 300 MW) and S4 (plants with a capacity higher than 300 MW). It was also found that the frequency of exceeding the annual effective dose limits (IAEDs) showed an increasing trend with the increasing installed capacity of the facility. These findings underscore the importance of plant capacity as a key factor to consider in the radiological risk assessment associated with coal fly ash. This study’s outcomes are crucial for informing environmental risk management strategies, guiding safe waste processing practices, and shaping environmental policies within the energy sector in Central and Eastern European countries, including Poland
Comprehensive Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: A Global and European Review of Current Antibiotic Treatment Standards in Paediatric and Adult Populations in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance
No full textBackground.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections remain a significant clinical challenge, particularly in the paediatric population, where they constitute a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The absence of a cell wall results in intrinsic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, necessitating the use of antimicrobials targeting intracellular processes. In the post-pandemic period, a resurgence of M. pneumoniae infections has been observed, partly attributed to an “immunity gap” following non-pharmaceutical interventions. At the same time, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) has become an increasing concern, especially in Asia and increasingly in Europe, significantly influencing therapeutic strategies.
Aim.
To review current antibiotic treatment standards for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children and adults, with particular emphasis on macrolide resistance, regional epidemiology, and practical clinical management of CAP of suspected mycoplasmal aetiology.
Material and methods.
This narrative review analysed contemporary literature published primarily between 2010 and 2025. Data sources included clinical guidelines for CAP in adults and children, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on MRMP, primary studies on resistance mechanisms (23S rRNA mutations, L4/L22 alterations, resistance emergence during therapy), and studies evaluating doxycycline safety in children. Peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central were included. The synthesis was structured according to patient age, disease severity, geographical region, and therapeutic decision pathways.
Results.
Available evidence indicates increasing global prevalence of MRMP, with marked regional differences. Macrolides remain first-line therapy in many settings; however, treatment failure rates are higher in regions with elevated resistance. Doxycycline and fluoroquinolones represent effective alternatives, with growing evidence supporting doxycycline safety in paediatric populations. Escalation of therapy after 48–72 hours of non-response is a key component of effective management, particularly in severe or refractory cases.
Conclusions.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae remains a major cause of CAP in both children and adults. Rising macrolide resistance necessitates region-specific treatment strategies, careful clinical reassessment, and judicious antibiotic selection. Updated management algorithms incorporating resistance patterns and timely therapy escalation are essential to optimise outcomes and support antibiotic stewardship
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Essays in Labor and Public Economics
No full textGrowing inequality and stagnating wages at the bottom of the earning distribution are the most striking social phenomena of the last 30 years. Moreover, the 2009 Great Recession surged unemployment and created unprecedented tension between rich and poor in most developed countries. These circumstances renewed the interest of politicians, policy makers, and economists toward public policies aimed at alleviating inequality. In this thesis, I empirically assess the effectiveness of two prominent public policies in helping the poor: the minimum wage and unemployment insurance.Minimum wage is the most radical policy tool for elevating the wages of the bottom economic bracket. However, despite several decades of microeconometric evidence for increases, the minimum wage remains a highly controversial policy. The first two chapters of this dissertation are devoted to assessing the economic effects of an unusually large and persistent increase in the minimum wage instituted in Hungary in 2001. The minimum wage to the median wage increased from the current U.S. level (35%) to the level of 55%, which is equivalent with an (~60%) increase in the minimum wage in real terms.In the first chapter, my co-author Péter Harasztosi and I study the employment effects of this unique minimum wage reform. We propose a new approach to estimating the employment effects of a minimum wage increase that exploits information on the distribution of wages before and after the policy change. We infer the number of jobs destroyed by comparing the number of pre-reform jobs below the new minimum wage to the excess number of jobs paying at (and above) the new minimum wage. The evolution of the earning distribution in Hungary shows that this ratio is close to one, suggesting that most firms responded to the reform by raising wages instead of destroying jobs. We confirm this conclusion using comparisons across subgroups of workers with larger and smaller fractions of worker affected by the minimum wage change. Our group-level estimates, again, imply that the higher minimum wage had, at most, a small negative effect on employment, and with the standard errors we can rule out larger than -0.3 employment elasticities with respect to wages.In the second chapter, my co-author Péter Harasztosi and I study the economic incidence of the minimum wage polices. If minimum wage increase has a small negative effect on employment and a large effect on wages, the total remunerations allocated to low-wage workers must increase. Using a large panel of firms and the Hungarian minimum wage increase, we show that this is indeed the case: firms highly exposed to the minimum wage experienced a large increase in their total labor cost. However, this raises a question: who pays for this cost increase? We show that firms' profits are not affected in response to the minimum wage, suggesting that firm-owners do not bear the incidence of the minimum wage increase. Instead, we document that total revenue of low-paying employers increased considerably, indicating that firms passed the effect of the minimum wage to consumers. Consistent with that explanation, we show that firms facing more elastic output demand, and so less ability to pass-through the effect of the minimum wage, experienced larger employment losses and lower increase in their total labor cost.In the third chapter, Stefanno DellaVigna, Balázs Reizer, Johannes Schmieder and I scrutinize the job search behavior of the unemployed. We propose a model of job search with reference-dependent preferences, where the reference point is given by recent income. Newly unemployed individuals are faced with a loss because their recent past income is higher than the unemployment benefit they receive, and so they search hard. However, over time they get used to lower income, and thus search less. They search harder, again, in anticipation of a benefit cut, only to ultimately get used to the change. The model fits the typical shape of the exit from unemployment, including the spike at the UI exhaustion point. The model also makes unique predictions for the response of benefit changes. Second, we provide evidence using a reform in the unemployment system in Hungary. Most unemployment insurance programs have constant replacement rate for a fixed period, typically followed by lower benefits under unemployment assistance. In November 2005, Hungary switched from this standard single-step UI system to a two-step system, with unchanged overall generosity. We show that the system generated increased hazard rates in anticipation of, and especially following, benefit cuts in ways the standard model has a hard time fitting, even when allowing for unobserved heterogeneity. We structurally estimate the model and estimate a weight on gain-loss utility comparable to the weight of the standard utility term, and a speed of adjustment of the reference point of eight months. The results suggest that a revenue-neutral shift to multiple-step UI systems can speed exit from unemployment
