76 research outputs found
The psychometric validation of the principal practices questionnaire based on item response theory / Corinne Jacqueline Perera, Bambang Sumintono, Jiang Na
Get PDFThis paper examines the psychometric properties of the Principal Practices Questionnaire (PPQ) for use in school leadership research. The PPQ has been developed as a diagnostic instrument to measure the various dimensions of transformational leadership based on the Rasch Measurement Model. With the growing awareness and importance given to psychometrics, particularly on interval measurement, this paper discusses the development of the PPQ and its psychometric properties based upon the framework of Item Response Theory (IRT). The PPQ was designed to determine the extent to which principals exhibit transformational leadership practices. The PPQ was validated using 290 secondary school teachers to elicit teacher's perceptions about their principals’ leadership practices. The sample comprised practising teachers from six high performing Malaysian public schools. In this study Rasch Model was used to determine the validity of the 30 questionnaire items based on the estimates of item difficulty and psychometrics attribute criteria. The results of this study showed that the PPQ may be supported by evidence as a valid research instrument because of its psychometric properties and internal consistencies. Having shown evidence of high reliability and statistical validity, the PPQ may therefore be use
Science Education in Malaysia: Challenges in the 21st Century
Get PDF: This article analyses the development of science education in the Malaysian schools' context. Several big changes have shifted the direction of science teaching to Malaysian students over the last fifty years. It started with curriculum reforms adopted by western countries in the 1960s and 1970s. The introduction of a new curriculum with an underlying ‘child-centred' philosophy was developed and implemented in the 1980s. The importance of information technology and English as medium of instruction were characteristic in the late 1900s and 2000s. The impact of International study's such as TIMSS and PISA paved a new direction for science education. Dynamics of science education in Malaysia shows interesting developments that informs us how the education system has adapted to challenges and trends
Decentralized Centralism: School Based Management Policies and Practices at State Secondary Schools in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia
No full textThe collapse of Suharto’s regime in 1998 brought significant change to Indonesia's public sector. Education at primary and secondary levels, since 1 January 2001, was administered at district level rather than in the previously centralised and bureaucratic manner. At the school level, ideas about school autonomy emerged and became popular. In particular the term ‘School Based Management’ (SBM) was seen as a panacea, and as a result the central government issued a regulation to implement the practice of SBM.
This study analyses the dynamics of the SBM policy as it was being interpreted and implemented at the secondary school level in Indonesia. It examines SBM in the municipality of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia. The study was approached in two ways: through document analysis of the Ministry of National Education decree number 044/U/2002 which legalized SBM; and by soliciting and interpreting the perspectives and practices of stakeholders at district and school levels through questionnaires, interviews, school site studies and document analyses. Altogether 83 respondents completed the questionnaires and 24 participated in interviews. Site studies were made to two schools. These approaches produced rich data on issues relating to SBM policy, devolved authority and community involvement.
The study found that the SBM policy as stated in the decree lacked clarity. The decree was hastily introduced and emphasised structural changes at district and school levels without clarifying its underlying rationales or implementation guidelines. The decree did not choose a particular model of SBM. Instead, it imposed a uniform model regardless of school level, size, location, type of community or even the public and private nature of schools. The decree was not followed with any regulations established at the district level regarding SBM. Consequently, institutional capacity at the district level was not developed. Therefore previous paradigm and practices of management continued to remain. Information provided about SBM at the school level was not designed to give much detail. It was left to principals to inform school level stakeholders but the extent to which this happened depended on the principals’ discretion and level of knowledge about SBM.
The devolved authority was not clear in the decree. What was suggested in the decree as authority that can be exercised by schools in SBM, was a practice that was already established. Without appropriate regulations at the district level, secondary schools were neither supported nor given flexibility. Mostly, schools practices had not changed with the introduction of the SBM.
The decree did not differentiate between community involvements at the district from the school level. This made it possible for old practices to continue. Hence, Education Council and the School Committees’ members were hand-picked and shoulder-tapped, based on bureaucrat preferences. Further, at school level, the committees’ roles were mainly to legitimize principals’ policies, particularly relating to school fees and budget.
In short, a ‘new centralism’ was seen to be practised by the district government. At the school level the principal’s role become much more significant. School Based Management, while fulfilling the regulatory requirements, remains superficial in its impact and has failed to fulfil its original intention of improving the quality of Indonesian education.
The study proposes a number of recommendations for SBM at the Indonesian secondary school level. First, the changing nature of regional autonomy in Indonesia makes stipulating a new regulation for SBM at district level sensible. The local regulation should use clear statements, acknowledge diversity, differentiate between governance and management, and recognize community involvement. Second, improving institutional capacity at district and school levels is also necessary and urgent. Enhancing stakeholders’ understanding about SBM issues can take various forms. Third, establishing formula funding that is stipulated in the district budget will make previous practices by the school committee unnecessary. Finally, on-going support to schools in terms of SBM, from district and national government is needed and should be programmed to make the policy work and succeed. The study ends with suggestion for further research
Pembelajaran Sains, Pengembangan Keterampilan Sains dan Sikap Ilmiah Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru
No full textPerkembangan dunia yang cepat dan saling terinterkoneksi salah satunya memunculkan era baru yaitu ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan. Prasyarat untuk bisa sukses di dalamnya adalah pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Pengajaran keduanya harus membekali siswa dalam hal berpikir kritis, keterampilan komunikasi yang kompleks dan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah. Pengajaran sains di madrasah dan sekolah selama ini lebih banyak menekankan pada sains sebagai prodik (fakta, teori, hukum dll), padahal di saat yang sama terdapat alternative lain yaitu sains sebagai proses dan pengembangan keterampilan dan sikap ilmiah. Sehingga harapan penguasaan yang baik dan terampil sulit dicapai bila masih tetap menekankan pada sains sebagai produk. Tulisan ini menjelaskan pilihan pengajaran sains dan alat yang bisa digunakan untuk menerapkannya, serta seklaigus peluang yang bisa diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru
Sekolah unggulan: pendekatan pengembangan kapasitas sekolah
Get PDFOne of the major themes in educational effectiveness research is about school capacity building. This study investigates the implementation of the International Standard School (SBI) policy in Indonesia which can be seen as an effort of school capacity building improvement in the particular country. Using program coherence dimension from capacity building framework, a qualitative study conducted
in a secondary school that located in a small city in West Java, Indonesia, that involved in the program. It is found that the interpretation to the SBI policy was changing, which established international standard classrooms is the salient aspect of the implementation of the policy. It is discovered that become an SBI school has positive consequence with regard to acknowledgment its quality by the central government, besides the school can collect extra fund from parents with amount nearly ten times that received from the central government. Document analysis reveals the school difficulties to reach ‘international requirements’ with particular to master in English by its teachers
School-based management policy and its practices at district level in the post new order Indonesia
Get PDFThe debacle of the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 brought significant change to Indonesia’s public sector. Primary and secondary education since 1 January 2001 has been based on the new law about regional autonomy, and administered at district level rather than in the previously centralised and bureaucratic manner. At the school level, ideas about school autonomy emerged and became popular. In particular, the term ‘School Based Management’ (SBM) was seen as a panacea, and as a result, the central government issued a regulation to implement the practice of SBM. This article analyses the dynamics of the SBM policy as it was interpreted and implemented. The study was approached in two ways: through document analysis of the Ministry of National Education decree 044/U/2002 that promulgated SBM; and by soliciting and interpreting the perspectives and practices of stakeholders at district level through interviews, site studies and document analyses. The study found that the SBM policy as stated in the decree lacked clarity. The decree had been hastily introduced and emphasised structural changes at district and school levels without clarifying its underlying rationale or implementation guidelines
Belajar heran dari negeri jiran
Get PDFSaat studi S3 di Wellington, Selandia Baru, beberapa kawan dekat sesama mahasiswa riset adalah orang Malaysia. Pada berbagai kesempatan seperti di musala, saat seminar, ataupun berbelanja, kami sering bertemu yang akhirnya menjadi akrab dan saling bertukar cerita. Satu hal yang sering didiskusikan adalah bekerja sebagai dosen di Malaysia. Ini merupakan hal yang baru berhubung latar belakang pekerjaan saya sebelumnya adalah guru kimia SMA. Mereka pun mengajak untuk mencoba menjadi dosen di Malaysia setelah selesai studi di Victoria University of Wellington. Ajakan tersebut akhirnya terwujud pada akhir tahun 2008 dengan proses yang sederhana dan penuh kejutan, setelah sebelumnya kerja serabutan di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Memulai profesi baru, apalagi di negara jiran tentu membawa konsekuensi harus banyak belajar hal baru. Belajar cara memberikan kuliah, membimbing mahasiswa, menguasai software yang berhubungan dengan kerja adalah di antara tantangan pekerjaan tersebut. Di tengah-tengah keasyikan menikmati rutinitas sebagai pensyarah (dosen) di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, datang sebuah surat elektronik yang berisi permintaan untuk wawancara secara elektronik dari sponsor pemberi beasiswa dahulu mengenai aktivitas yang dilakukan saat ini. Satu pertanyaan yang susah dijawab secara memuaskan adalah kontribusi apa yang bisa diberikan kepada masyarakat secara umum. Dari sanalah timbul ide untuk berbagi mengenai apa yang saya amati dan kerjakan saat bekerja di Malaysia. Tulisan-tulisan dalam buku ini berasal dari blog (http://deceng2.wordpress.com) yang berisi berbagai catatan mengenai aktivitas dan realitas dunia pendidikan dan perguruan tinggi di Malaysia. Beberapa catatannya mungkin membuat heran, yang menunjukkan progres negeri jiran yang memang perlu dicontoh. Terima kasih diucapkan kepada berbagai pihak yang telah berkontribusi sehingga buku ini akhirnya bisa dinikmati oleh pembaca seperti Anda
Isu pengembangan kurikulum baru
Get PDFMenurut Smith (2000) asal usul kata kurikulum berasal dari bahasa Yunani Kuno yang secara literal berarti jalan. Dalam lingkup pendidikan formal pengertian kurikulum sudah menjadi hal yang sentral dan telah menjadi sumber rujukan yang menjadi identitas. Definisi mengenai kurikulum sangat beragam serta spektrumnya pun sangat luas. Mulai dari defisini yang sangat sempit dimana kurikulum adalah “plan for learning” [perencanaan pembelajaran] dari Taba sampai ke pemahaman yang sangat luas dari de Marrie dan Le Compte: “total school experience provided to students whetter planned or unplanned” [pengalaman belajar yang diberikan kepada siswa baik direncanakan ataupun tidak] (dikutif dari O’Neill et al., 2004). Ataupun definisi yang juga cukup luas cakupannya didapat dari John Kerr “All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whetter it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school” [pembelajaran yang direncanakan dan dibimbing di sekolah, baik itu diberikan secara kelompok ataupun individu, di dalam maupun di luar lingkungan sekolah] (dikutif dari Kelly, 1999)
School-Based Management Policy and Its Practices at District Level in the Post New order Indonesia
No full textThe debacle of the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 brought significant change to Indonesia’s public sector. Primary and secondary education since 1 January 2001 has been based on the new law about regional autonomy, and administered at district level rather than in the previously centralised and bureaucratic manner. At the school level, ideas about school autonomy emerged and became popular. In particular, the term ‘School Based Management’ (SBM) was seen as a panacea, and as a result, the central government issued a regulation to implement the practice of SBM. This article analyses the dynamics of the SBM policy as it was interpreted and implemented. The study was approached in two ways: through document analysis of the Ministry of National Education decree 044/U/2002 that promulgated SBM; and by soliciting and interpreting the perspectives and practices of stakeholders at district level through interviews, site studies and document analyses. The study found that the SBM policy as stated in the decree lacked clarity. The decree had been hastily introduced and emphasised structural changes at district and school levels without clarifying its underlying rationale or implementation guidelines
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