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Off-site embankments to protect fields from the growth of peatlands in the Valli Grandi Veronesi Meridionali (Italy) during Middle and Recent Bronze Age
No full textIn the background of the late-Holocene landscape of the Southern Valli Grandi Veronesi (VGVM) and nearby Bonifica Padana, an area that stretches between rivers Adige and Po and which is drained by the river Tartaro, was taken into consideration the position of a long embankment that ran through the territories of the two large moated sites of the middle and recent Bronze Age, Fondo Paviani (FP) to east , and Castello del Tartaro (CdT) to west. The location of this particular embankment called SAM (from italian southern embanked road), more than ten km long, and arranged parallel to the Tartaro old riparian belt, since long time attracted scholars as a witness of an old territorial organization, probably related to spatial distribution of cultivated or pasture by the communities who lived in the two large villages, bounded by massive ditch and bank systems. On the basis of recent acquisitions of new DEM and LIDAR sources and aimed field investigations, then merged into geo-chronological and chrono-typological analysis in the laboratory, was developed a research addressed the chrono-stratigraphic, cultural-evolutionary and functional scan of the SAM construct. For this purpose, the archaeological, stratigraphic and chronological record have been reviewed from a series of very significant off-sites, with stratigraphic columns documenting paleo-environmental and archaeological-functional reconstructions. They allowed to established the obvious links between the infrastructure of the ditches of the SAM embankment and the network of secondary rural ditches that seemed to drain and distribute waters in the parceled fields next to the large contemporary sites. In Ponte Moro off-site we captured the chrono-stratigraphic position of SAM embankment through the dating of two peat samples undertaken immediately before and after the stratigraphic position of the embankment. The datings have yielded an earliest date for the construction (MBA-RBA) and a later date of the abandonment of the earthen structure (RBA-FBA). In the Fosso Sarego off-site the stratigraphy documented the composition and the morphology of the embankment and its lateral ditches. These were connected with the neighboring ditches and drains, and especially with the droveway, a road of service for herding that crossed the cultivated area of the CdT near-site, to reach meadows and pastures of wetlands placed within the perifluvial r. Tartaro strechtes. On the sections and on open-area excavations at the Fosso Fazzion off-site were found the remains of anthropic surfaces, connected with the use of pits and silos well placed next to small sites (farms), corresponding to the first evidence of a stable-occupation of land, dating back to the transition between the EBA and MBA. In the Stanghelle off-site were detected morphologies of long pairs of rural ditches filled by manure from the nearby village and dated to a horizon of between EBA and MBA, similarly to Fazzion off-site. Finally at the near-site the so-called hydraulic- node of CdT, an open-area investigated at the intersection of drains protruding from the moat of the SE corral, ceramic fragments in situ dating to RBA were recovered, attesting the connections with irrigation ditches around small enclosed fields. The comparison of these datings, the relative chronology and stratigraphic relationships established between SAM, channels, ditches, and agrarian drains revealed the possibility of achieving a first definition of land organization in two agrarian-settlement phases for the two major CdT and FP sites. The archaeobotanist contribution from a first set of pollen analysis carried out from Ponte Moro samples, allowed to specify the important role of grass-grazing percent in relation of cultivated land and woodland, the latter testified by an higher percent of AP compared to the average of Emilian data. The chronological contribution from finds proposed here, concerned the analysis of a complete sample of ceramic material recovered from a intrasite excavation by F. Zorzi made around the mid of the last century and documented in a dissertation by Zanetti (1970-71). It allowed for the first time to present aspects of material culture (pottery facies), belonging to the first large RBA settlement of CdT, surrounded by the embanked. On these basis was initiated a revision of the stratigraphic position of the two samples for14C dating collected in the 90’s of the last century from the great embankment of CdT, both related to MBA/RBA. In the light of the analysis of the above mentioned ceramics, it was possible to discriminate a phase of MBA3 nucleated site without bounding embankment, but probably with a moat, from the later phase of RBA with massive embankment and surrounded by multiple ditches. Finally, the juxtaposition of the two systems separated from the earthen bank of the SAM, first meadows and pastures, latter fields delimited by long ditches (maybe opened fields) and others small and closed, it has given rise to an important result directed to the definition of socio-political organisation which regulated this fundamental transect in the MBA-RBA for the economy and polity of VGVM near the sites of CDT and FP. The construction of the SAM embankment, erected to preserve the balanced distribution of lands allocated to support the two major sites, could therefore be reviewed as an expression of a huge collective work, continuously maintained, presumably demanded by the elite-polity of VGVM, to prevent the formation of peatlands. These, due to the rise of water table for paleoidrographic reasons, tended to invade the cultivated fields. This engineering earthwork had to play an important role for regulation and control for the drain and irrigation network made of main and secondary ditches extending to the nearby fields, before dissipating in the lower land of marginal pasture-wet meadows, next to fluvial woodland
Il sito dell'età del Bronzo medio-recente corrispondente all'antica Adria (Rovigo) in località Amolaretta
Full text linkSize and complexity in Po-plain Terramare polities: an OBIA object/pattern/scenery oriented approach for detecting “landscapes of Power” rule-sets
No full textSize and complexity in Po-plain Terramare polities: an OBIA object/pattern/scenery oriented approach for detecting “landscapes of Power” rule-sets
No full textI tumuli funerari dell’età del Rame di Sovizzo-località S. Daniele (Vicenza): aspetti costruttivi, cronologici e cultuali
No full textThe archaeological excavations conducted intermittently between 1990 and 2005 during construction work at San Daniele di Sovizzo (Vicenza) have enabled the recording of various archaeological facts: agricultural land that may be related to cycles of occupation at the end of the Late Neolithic and the Copper Age; a Copper Age dwelling; a Bronze Age earth burial mound, a Copper Age monumental complex with funerary structures (tumuli) and religious structures (sacred corridor, rocks, steles) consisting of pebbles and stone materials of various kinds and sizes. After a synthesizing presentation concerning the burial mounds, the different phases of the “microstratigraphical” excavation of the Great Tumulus of the monumental complex will be described, including its architecture and funerary ritual: a deep rectangular pit, an inhumation (adult individual) in contracted position and lateral decubitus deposited on a small base slab and covered by a “small tumulus” structure of anthropic earth and large stones; the filling of the pit with the earth removed when it was dug; an oak post pushed in as a temporary marker, later construction of a tumulus of pebbles and limestone rocks as the final monument.Gli scavi archeologici condotti con soluzione di continuità tra il 1990 e il 2005 per fini edilizi in località San Daniele di Sovizzo (Vicenza) consentirono di documentare evidenze archeologiche di diversa natura di seguito elencate: suolo agrario riferibile a cicli di frequentazione dell’ultimo Neolitico e dell’età del Rame; area abitativa dell’età del Rame; tumulo funerario in terra dell’età del Rame; complesso monumentale dell’età del Rame con strutture funerarie (tumuli) e cultuali (corridoio sacro, massi, stele) costituite da ciottoli e materiali litoidi di diversa natura e dimensioni. Dopo una presentazione di sintesi dei tumuli già noti, si descrivono le diverse fasi dello scavo “microstratigrafico” del tumulo grande del complesso monumentale, i cui aspetti costruttivi e del rituale funerario possono essere così sintetizzati: profonda fossa rettangolare; inumato (individuo adulto) in posizione rannicchiata e in decubito laterale deposto sopra un piccolo selciato di base e ricoperto da una struttura a “piccolo tumulo” di terriccio antropizzato e grossi ciottoli; chiusura della fossa con il terreno di risulta dallo scavo della stessa; infissione di un palo di quercia quale segnacolo temporaneo; successiva monumentalizzazione della tomba con la costruzione del tumulo in ciottoli e pietre calcaree.Bianchin Citton Elodia, Balista Claudio. I tumuli funerari dell’età del Rame di Sovizzo-località S. Daniele (Vicenza): aspetti costruttivi, cronologici e cultuali. In: Ancestral Landscape. Burial mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Central and Eastern Europe – Balkans – Adriatic – Aegean, 4th-2nd millennium B.C.) Proceedings of the International Conference held in Udine, May 15th-18th 2008. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2012. pp. 503-510. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée. Série recherches archéologiques, 58
Fondo Paviani (Legnago, Verona): il central place della polity delle Valli Grandi Veronesi nella tarda Età del bronzo. Cronologia, aspetti culturali, evoluzione delle strutture e trasformazioni paleoambientali
No full textIl sito arginato dell’Età del bronzo di Fondo Paviani, central place della polity delle Valli Grandi Veronesi, è stato oggetto, a partire dal 2007, di un progetto interdisciplinare diretto dall’équipe protostorica del Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali dell’Università di Padova. Le ricerche finora condotte hanno consentito di definire i principali punti nodali relativi sia alle caratteristiche strutturali del sito, sia alle dinamiche paleoambientali e territoriali precedenti, contemporanee e successive all’impianto dello stesso. Il presente contributo presenta nella prima parte le fasi dell’evoluzione strutturale del sito, inserite nel quadro geomorfologico e paleoambientale locale. Il sito, sorto nella fase a cavallo tra BM3 e BR1, in un momento compreso tra il maturo BR1 e il BR2, si dota di un imponente sistema di perimetrazione con aggere e fossato. In fase con questa strutturazione, si hanno le evidenze - nella porzione scavata del sito - di una prima fase con un settore a destinazione abitativa e un settore destinato probabilmente alla trasformazione dei cereali. Nel BR2 l’area è disattivata mediante la stesura di materiali di riporto. L’avvio della crisi del sito, nella fase più avanzata del BR coincide a livello ambientale con un momento di incremento dell’aridità. Nel BF1-2, ultimo orizzonte di vita del sito, la medesima area viene infine completamente riconvertita; essa ora non ospita più infatti abitazioni e/o aree produttive, ma campi o orti. È probabile quindi che, nella fase in questione, l’insediamento abbia subito una drastica trasformazione e anche una notevole riduzione dell’estensione. L’intera sequenza si chiude con potenti coltri alluvionali depositatesi a partire dalla prima Età del ferro. Il contributo presenta tuttavia anche i risultati delle analisi integrate effettuate sulle diverse categorie di produzioni artigianali emerse dalle indagini – in particolare la metallurgia del bronzo, la lavorazione dell’ambra e quella dei materiali vetrosi – e le nuove importanti evidenze riguardanti i contatti che il sito intrattenne da un lato con le regioni dell’Italia nord-occidentale e con l’area alpina, dall’altro con l’Italia peninsulare, l’Egeo e il Mediterraneo orientale. Il contributo propone infine delle considerazioni sull’assetto sociale che doveva contraddistinguere la polity terramaricola basso veronese e, conclusivamente, un bilancio aggiornato della vexata quaestio del rapporto “fenomeno Valli Grandi Veronesi” > “fenomeno Frattesina”, evidenziandone gli elementi di forte continuità e quindi il loro legame genetico
L'abitato di Cà Spadolino di Coccanile (Copparo- FE) e il popolamento lungo i rami meridionali del delta del Po nell'età del Bronzo
No full textI lavori di realizzazione del metanodotto tra Minerbio (BO) e Cavarzere (VE), condotti nel 2006-2007, hanno permesso di individuare nel comune di Copparo (FE) le tracce di un abitato dell'età del Bronzo recente. In questo lavoro si prende in esame la documentazione archeologica dello scavo e si presenta una prima valutazione dell'insediamento all'interno di un contesto paleoambientale di estremo interesse per la prossimità all'antico ambiente deltizio, ai margini dell’antica frangia lagunare. Il sito localizzato a Ca’ Spadolino ad alcuni Km a NE di Coccanile, infatti, rappresenta una delle rare testimonianze archeologiche associate al percorso di uno dei rami meridionali del Po nell'età del Bronzo, ben evidenziato dall'analisi geomorfologica e dalla valutazione geoarcheologica della stratigrafia. Le analisi dei dati archeozoologici e dei resti archeobotanici permettono di completare la ricostruzione paleoambientale del contesto e di valutare l'impatto antropico nell'area in prossimità del Delta. L'attribuzione cronologica al Bronzo recente è supportata dallo studio dei reperti, prevalentemente ceramici, che includono tipologie ben attribuibili alle facies padane adriatiche e parzialmente da due datazioni al C14, effettuate su carboni.Recent excavations for laying a pipeline at Coccanile, near Copparo (Ferrara) allowed to discover a Bronze Age settlement at a depth of -1,5 and -2,5/-3 m under the ground level, related to an ancient branch of Po river. The archaeological deposit included several anthropic layers alternated with alluvial sediments. An enlarged excavation of 20 x 6 m allowed to locate the oldest archaeological level (US 821) above natural sediments composed of silt and sand with convex surface (FIG. 4). This was covered by alluvial deposit that could have also weared the upper part of the earlier anthropic occupation. The sequence followed with another archaeological layer (US 896) with posts structure (USS 1049/1052/-1050) suggesting a wooden feature bounding the settled area (FIG. 6). A third layer linked to human activities (US 892), was very thick (up to 60 cm ca.) and excavated in two levels, the lower connected to several features (post holes and an hypothetical embankment, the higher corresponding to the phase of abandonment.
The geomorphological analysis based on geomorphological data and on the stratigraphy led to recognize dynamics of alluvial aggradatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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