1,708 research outputs found
Redemption in the work of Francis Stuart
No full textThe idea of redemption is central to an understanding of the work
of Francis Stuart. Through an examination of its development and
expression, it is possible to demonstrate the integrity of his work and
its distinctive qualities. Such a demonstration is necessary because
Stuart's writing has been subjected to comparatively little scholarly
inquiry, although reviews of his work, especially that produced since
1949, suggest that it is impressive and important.
First, a general background to Stuart's work, a discussion of the
special problems associated with reading it, and a summary of his corpus
is provided. This indicates that the idea of redemption is important to
his earliest writing. The state of redemption is shown to be a
necessary apotheosis for Stuart's outcast heroes; it involves spiritual
suffering through which may be found a sense of reintegration and a
higher reality. This is expressed through interrelated themes such as
those of gambler, artist and ordinary man; mystic and criminal; sacred
and profane love; and spirituality and the mundane. The nature of the
redemptive experience is further elaborated by distinctive, complex
motifs, especially the hare, the ark and the woman-Christ. Their
recurrence provides an important element in the unity of Stuart's work.
Because Stuart's idea of the outcast raises important biographical
questions, an examination of the relationship between Stuart's life and
his work is made. Finally, the way in which the idea of redemption
exists in the language structures of Stuart's novels is examined, with
especial reference to his most recent work, The High Consistory. The
thesis shows that the development of the these of redemption
demonstrates the integrity of Stuart's work
John Stuart Mill’s projected science of society: 1827-1848
No full textThe purpose of the thesis is to examine John Stuart Mill’s political thought from
about 1827 to 1848 as an exercise in intellectual history. It focuses, first, on Mill’s view,
formulated by the late 1830s, that contemporary society was ‘civilized’, and second, on
his project of a science of society, which he aspired to develop in the late 1830s and
early 1840s.
By the late 1830s, Mill came to the view that his contemporary society was a
‘commercial society or civilization’, dominated by the middle, commercial class. The
first part of my thesis, constituted by Chapters 2-4, discusses the way in which Mill
formed his notion of civilization, and what he meant by the term ‘civilization’. Mill paid
attention to the implications of the rise of the middle class, and regarded such
phenomena of contemporary society as the corruption of the commercial spirit and
excessive social conformity as an inevitable consequence of the rise of the middle class.
The second part of the thesis, constituted by Chapters 5-9, examines Mill’s
projected science of society. In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Mill attempted to
develop a new science of society whose subject-matter was the nature and prospects of
commercial, civilized society. This aspiration culminated in A System of Logic,
published in 1843. In examining Mill’s projected science, I pay particular attention to
the fact that he conceived new sciences of history and of the formation of character,
both of which were indispensable in his project, although he failed to give a complete
account of these sciences. My thesis shows that the implications of his interest both in
history and in the formation of character are more significant than Mill scholars have
assumed
Featuring Australia : the cinema of Charles Chauvel
No full textThis study follows the career of Charles Chauvel, one of Australia's pioneer film-makers, and the films he made between the 1920s and 1950s. Believing that Chauvel has not received the attention he deserves, the author probes the obstacles to a deeper appreciation of Chauvel's strange, ambitious and fascinating films, and the industrial and cultural environment from which they emerged. "Featuring Australia" shows that Chauvel's career and films were shaped by issues of colonialism, nationalism and internationalism, by the attractions and difficulties of independence, and by stylistic options very much alive today. "Featuring Australia" tells a story of remarkable relevance to today's film industry, showing that Chauvel's career and films are shaped by issues of colonialism, nationalism, and internationalism, by the attractions and difficulties of independence, and by stylistic options very much alive today. Students and teachers of Australian culture, history and film will welcome the book, while film-industry personnel, policy-makers and fans will find much to interest them in this informative study of one of Australia's greatest film-makers. Stuart Cunningham gained postgraduate qualifications from universities in Canada, the United States and Australia, and is presently Senior Lecturer in Communication and Cultural Studies, Queensland University of Technology. He is a well known writer on the history, products and policy of Australian film and television; he has also been a full-time policy analyst and part-time video maker and poet. He has worked on the editorial boards of several jourmals and magazines, including Cinema papers, Filmnews, Culture and policy, Metro, Continuum, and Cultural studies. This book is intended for students and researchers in cultural studies and film studies
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Observational Signatures of Nonlinear Interactions in the Solar Wind
No full textSpacecraft observations from the interplanetary medium of our solar system reveal the presence of a magnetized super-sonic flow emanating from the sun, commonly known as the solar wind. Empirically, in-situ measurements from spacecraft suggest that the solar wind is in a turbulent state frequently occurring fluid-like systems. Though theories of non-magnetized hydrodynamic turbulence have been successfully adapted to account for plasma dynamics relevant to the solar wind (e.g. strong magnetization, multi-particle composition, non-viscous dissipation, and weak collisionality), there is lacking consensus regarding the physical processes responsible for empirically observed phenomena: e.g. compressible fluctuations, intermittent coherent features, injection of energy at large scales, and particle heating. Interpreting in-situ spacecraft measurements is often complicated by limitations associated with single point me which most often consist of a single point (or at best a few points) located near Earth. At the largest physical scales, processes associated with solar wind generation and evolution consist of temporal variation over the 11 year solar cycle, with spatial gradients extending over the large scale heliosphere, ~200 AU. At the smallest scales, heating and dissipation process can occur on electron kinetic scales corresponding to ~ kHz frequencies and centimeter length scales in the inner heliosphere. Even in observing fluid-like magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations of the solar wind, ``easily'' measurable by spacecraft at 1 AU, significant ambiguity exists in distinguishing effects associated with plasma transport from the processes related to the generation (heating and acceleration) of the solar wind in the inner-heliosphere.The source of the solar wind is the corona, a hot magnetized upper-atmosphere of our sun with ambient temperatures ranging from 10^5-10^6 Kelvin: orders of magnitude larger than the solar photospheric surface at 5800 Kelvin. Even the roughest estimation of the coronal energy budgets suggest that the magnetic field must be responsible for heating the corona to these temperatures. However, the specific processes which drive coronal heating, and subsequently accelerate the solar wind, are yet unknown; though many models of coronal heating exist, little empirical evidence is currently available to distinguish between theories.The NASA Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission, launched in August 2018, recently became the closest human-made object to orbit the sun. During its closest perihelion approach, PSP will reach an altitude of 9.8 solar radii (0.045 AU), well within the expected boundary between the solar wind corona, known as the Alfven point. By measuring the local plasma environment, PSP will provide an empirical understanding of the processes responsible for coronal heating and solar wind acceleration which cannot be observed using remote sensing techniques. In addition, through studying the turbulent environment present in the inner heliosphere, PSP will inevitably make significant contribution to our understanding of magnetized turbulence and the role it plays in shaping astrophysical systems.This dissertation highlights the development of observational techniques and instrumentation used in studying nonlinear dynamic processes, e.g. turbulence and plasma instabilities, in astrophysical plasmas. Part 1 consists of a discussion of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the solar wind and the observed coupling with compressible fluctuations. Chapter 1 contains an overview of the historical and mathematical development of MHD turbulence based on both empirical observations from spacecraft and theory of hydrodynamic turbulence. Chapter 2 contains original research on the effect of intermittency on the observational signatures of MHD turbulence. Chapter 3 discusses the the nature of compressible fluctuations in the solar wind based on the mathematical and observational techniques developed in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 describes an observational study which examines the existence of parametric mode coupling in the solar wind which could drive compressible fluctuations as well as initiate non-linear turbulent interactions in the heliosphere.Part 2 surveys the calibration and operation of the PSP/FIELDS magnetometer suite. Chapter 5 highlights the operation and calibration of the PSP/FIELDS DC fluxgate magnetometer (MAG). Chapter 6 consists of an overview of the PSP/FIELDS search coil magnetometer (SCM) and an in depth discussion of instrument calibration through the framework of linear time invariant filter design. Chapter 7 describes a merged fluxgate and search coil data product for PSP created using optimal filter design techniques
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Electron-Scale Processes in the Solar Wind and Magnetosphere
No full textPlasma, one of the four fundamental states of matter, prevails the universe and accounts for 90\% of the known masses. Interaction between the solar wind, a space plasma with solar origin, and the terrestrial magnetic field shapes the space climate that is crucial for our modern society that heavily dependent on electricity, electronics and satellites. Waves ubiquitously grow, propagate, interact with other waves and plasmas, and eventually damps away in plasmas, significantly altering plasma dynamics and energy transport. Measurements of both plasma particles and electromagnetic fields allow probing wave-plasma interactions of interest. Part one of the thesis presents a few new results relating to the electron heat flux in the solar wind. Electron heat flux is a poorly understood quantity in weakly collisional or collisionless astrophysical and space plasmas, but it is crucial to modeling large scale systems such as galaxy clusters and stellar winds. We present a statistical study of the electron heat flux in the solar wind and confirm that it is bounded from above by power laws of electron beta. We consider various collisionless processes that potentially reduce the heat flux. In particular, the whistler heat flux instability (WHFI) has long been considered to constrain heat flux in the high beta regime. We show for the first time local generation of whistler waves in the solar wind using high-cadence simultaneous particles and wave measurements onboard ARTEMIS spacecraft. We present the statistical properties of the whistler waves in the solar wind at 1 AU, with evidence supporting WHFIs generating the observed whistler waves. However, we argue that the wave amplitude is too small to effectively reduce the electron heat flux. Accompanied by the electron heat flux is measurable electron bulk drifts with respect to the solar wind protons, which significantly modify Landau resonance of kinetic Alfv\'en waves (KAWs). We consider the effects of potential KAW instabilities in the context of electron heat flux inhibition.Part two of the thesis considers a type of electrostatic structure known as the electron phase space hole (EPSH). It is formed in the non-linear stage of plasma streaming instabilities and remains highly stable for long duration. We address for the first time 3D configuration of EPSHs by analyzing multi-spacecraft (using NASA MMS) passing of the same EPSH. The length scale perpendicular to the background magnetic field is directly measured with significant implications to electron motions inside EPSHs. In addition, statistical study of such multi-spacecraft observation reveals strong correlation among parameters of fast EPSHs
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Revealing the Magnetic Structure of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere in the Era of Parker Solar Probe
No full textThe Sun’s atmosphere is a complex and dynamic magnetized plasma and extends all theway from its visible surface out into interplanetary space, carving out a bubble in the inter-
stellar medium which is called the heliosphere. All interactions between the Sun and life on
Earth are channelled through this medium. Of particular importance to making Sun-Earth
connections are the regions called the corona and the inner heliosphere. These two regimes
are strongly coupled together but their mutual boundary may be regarded as the location
where the dynamic pressure of the outflowing solar wind overcomes the magnetic pressure of
the Sun’s intrinsic field. By inner heliosphere, we focus on the portion of the Sun’s sphere of
influence which extends out to 1 au and therefore is most relevant to the Earth and humanity.Our most complete understanding of the corona and heliosphere comes from large scalephysical models which can fill in information about a plasma on a 3D grid. In 2018, Parker
Solar Probe (PSP) was launched into an orbit taking it closer to the Sun than any human-
made object in history. This has presented an opportunity to directly probe regions of the
heliosphere which had hitherto could only be accessed with global modelling. In this body
of work we use new data from PSP to improve our knowledge and understanding of this
global structure and further derive novel constraints on plasma models of the corona and
heliosphere.Specifically, we first introduce a framework for evaluating models of the coronal magneticfield, which sets how the solar wind emerges and shapes the inner heliosphere. In addition
to new PSP data which provides direct boundary conditions on the magnetic skeleton of the
corona, we show how it is important to make use of pre-existing observational capabilities
to constrain the sizes of coronal holes and the locations of high plasma density indicating
the topology of the coronal streamer belt. We illustrate how models must be constrained
at multiple boundaries to give an accurate representation and that focusing on individual
specific metrics can lead to different conclusions about optimum model parameters.Next, we use the full data set of the heliospheric magnetic field taken by Parker Solar Probein its first four years on orbit to directly measure the heliospheric magnetic field down to
0.13 au and compare directly to the large scale expectations of the Parker magnetic field.
We present evidence that at 0.13 au the heliospheric magnetic field remains latitudinally
isotropic, indicating the coronal field has already relaxed to this state within this radius.
We measure the open magnetic flux and confirm it is conserved between 1 au and PSP’s
closest approach to date. This conservation implies a deficit in open magnetic flux according
to coronal models with typically accepted model parameters. We also compare the mean
direction of the heliospheric magnetic field to the expectation of the Parker spiral model,
finding very good agreement which is tending to improve with closing distance from the sun
as the ratio of average field strength to random fluctuations increases.Third, we present a study in which we determine Parker Solar Probe’s magnetic connectivityback to specific coronal sources for its first solar encounter. This exercise allows determi-
nation of specific locations on the Sun which emit solar wind plasma later measured by
PSP, and therefore contextualises its measurements. This application of combining coronal
modelling and PSP data shows how making these connections is a vital building block for
understanding other peculiar plasma physics observed as PSP as it has explored new re-
gions of the inner heliosphere. Further, it allows disambiguation of spatial and temporal
phenomena.Finally, we present recent work using observations by Parker Solar Probe and other 1 auspacecraft to localise type III radio bursts, an impulsive solar ejection of electron beams,
from emission at the solar surface out into the inner heliosphere. These events have the
potential to act as passive tracers of coronal and heliospheric structure. We comment on
the future prospects of using this localisation to constrain magnetic connectivity and density
structure.We close with a summary of these results and the outlook for further improvement of ourunderstanding of the coupled corona and inner heliosphere ans PSP continues to approach
the Sun and as other advances in space based instrumentation are made, such as the gradual
escape of the Solar Orbiter to higher latitudes.The individual investigations, which are briefly introduced above, are united in highlightingseveral specific advances in our understanding of the Sun’s atmosphere facilitated by the ad-
dition of Parker Solar Probe to humanity’s suite of heliospheric instrumentation. Specifically,
we exemplify how multi-point, multi-spacecraft and multi-messenger observations at differ-
ent heliographic locations are vital in making progress in constraining our physical models;
using just one vantage point or one physical observable can lead to false conclusions about
model optimisation. We also observe an underlying thread of the surprising utility of the
very simplest model representations of the corona and heliosphere, for example a current-
free corona and essentially hydrodynamic heliosphere can accurately predict the magnetic
polarity structure, and even the velocity stream structure measured in situ by PSP. Lastly,
we verify that as one would expect from sending an instrument to never-before explored
regions of interplanetary space, new gaps in our understanding are identified. For example,
confirming that coronal models do not open enough magnetic flux to the inner heliosphere,
or showing at several points that while we make substantial progress exploring closer to the
Sun, a lack of far-side and high latitude remote sensing (most critically of the photospheric
magnetic field), remains a big limitation to accurately reproducing the physical structure of
the heliosphere
Stuart Hall: esboço de um itinerário biointelectual
No full textin this article the author draws some relationships between biographic data on Stuart Hall and his intellectual trajectory.Neste artigo a autora constrói uma argumentação teórica na qual busca a aproximação de alguns da dos biográficos de Stuart Hall à sua trajetória intelectual
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Langmuir Waves and Electron Acceleration at Heliospheric Shocks
No full textRadio waves at the local plasma frequency and its harmonic are generated upstream of collisionless shocks in foreshock regions which are magnetically connected to the shock. The radio waves are created in a multi-step process which involves the acceleration of electrons at the shock front, growth of electrostatic Langmuir waves driven by the accelerated electron beam, and conversion of the Langmuir waves into radio waves.These radio waves can be used to remotely determine properties of the shock. For example, Type II solar radio burst observations yield information about the radial speed and angular extent of the coronal mass ejection-driven shock associated with the burst. However, in order to completely understand the generation of the radio waves and interpret the remote observations, in situ spacecraft measurements of the shock-accelerated electrons and Langmuir waves are necessary.In this thesis, a brief introduction to the heliospheric environment is followed by a survey of the basic principles of collisionless shocks, a detailed discussion of the process of generating shock-accelerated electrons and the resulting plasma waves, and a description of the relevant instrumentation on board the Wind and STEREO spacecraft. Following this review material, several results based on in situ observations are presented:(1) High cadence electron measurements made by Wind in the foreshock region of several IP shocks allow for a determination of the spatial scales of the source regions of Type II radio bursts. The sizes of the observed foreshock source regions are comparable to the size of the terrestrial bow shock.(2) Langmuir waves upstream of IP shocks can be used as a diagnostic signature of foreshock electrons. Using a large database of shocks observed by Wind, different shock parameters are statistically tested for their effectiveness at accelerating electrons.(3) Using a new type of electron detector on STEREO, the limits of the Fast Fermi theory for electron acceleration at suprathermal energies are examined. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism may hold beyond the regime where the Larmor radius of electrons is much smaller than the scale sizes of the shock.The prospects for future work in this area are discussed in the conclusion, and a description of an experimental antenna calibration procedure known as rheometry is included as an appendix
Stuart Hall: esboço de um itinerário biointelectual
No full textin this article the author draws some relationships between biographic data on Stuart Hall and his intellectual trajectory.Neste artigo a autora constrói uma argumentação teórica na qual busca a aproximação de alguns da dos biográficos de Stuart Hall à sua trajetória intelectual
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The l = 2 Spherical Harmonic Expansion Coefficients of the Synchrotron Brightness Distribution on the Sky Between 0.2 and 6.8 MHz
No full textLow-frequency \nu < 10 MHz astrophysical flux typically does not penetrate the Earth's ionosphere, so can only be precisely measured using space-based radio instruments. The restrictions on data volume and instrument size that this imposes have stimulated the development of specialized analysis techniques for radio measurements from spacecraft. One such technique is the decomposition of the spectra recorded by co-located electrically short antennas into the and spherical harmonic expansion coefficients of the measured brightness distribution.I apply this decomposition to radio data from Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to analyze the diffuse galactic and extragalactic synchrotron background. The \nu < 10 MHz frequency regime notably features free-free absorption of this radiation by interstellar ionized hydrogen. Between MHz and MHz, the optical depth due to this plasma to a typical region in the galaxy increases from roughly zero to one. As a result, the brightness distribution on the sky at MHz is determined as much by free-free absorption as by synchrotron emission. Measurements of the sky's and expansion coefficients from PSP provide new constraints on the agents of this radiation transfer, most significantly the free electrons in the galaxy.The coefficients can also be used as a reference source for calibrating electrically short antennas. PSP data allowed this to be conducted in parallel with measurement of the coefficients. The calibration results will improve the accuracy of direction-finding analyses using PSP radio spectra. As typically implemented for spacecraft data, this technique can jointly determine the angular coordinates as well as the and Stokes parameters of point-source radiation, such as that from Jupiter or the Sun when these bodies are sufficiently distant.Limited data telemetry also motivates close examination of the random statistical errors in spectral measurements and their correlations. Such an inquiry shows, for example, that these errors can sometimes impede direction-finding using two antennas, which in part prompted the calibration of additional antennas on PSP. Also, this calibration itself and the spherical harmonic coefficient results benefited from fitting procedures that compensated for the statistical errors.Although basing radio instruments in space bypasses the ionosphere, ambient interplanetary plasma gives rise to novel sources of noise. Electrostatic plasma fluctuations produce so-called quasi-thermal noise, which presented the most severe impediment to the spherical harmonic analysis of PSP's measurements. Due to this noise's unique importance for space-based instruments, I start by approximating its spectral density in PSP's radio data
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