177,287 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Imaging Ferromagnetic Tracers With An Ac Biosusceptometer
No full textThe aim of this work was to study the feasibility of obtaining images of the distribution of ferromagnetic tracers using an ac biosusceptometer (ACB). The images were generated by mapping the response of the ACB at short distances due to the presence of a ferrite powder dispersed in a planar gel matrix with different shapes. The ACB was scanned over the sample and the voltages generated by the variation in ferrite concentration were sampled. Methods to render and image the distribution of ferromagnetic particles were studied. The generalized Wiener parametric method gave the best results. The system has a potential to be used in functional images of the gastrointestinal tract where a moderate resolution is required. We conclude that this biomagnetic method can be successfully used to generate planar functional images of magnetic particles in the near field. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.71625322538Erol, R.A., Cherian, P., Smallwood, R.H., Brown, B.H., Bardhan, K.D., (1996) Physiol. Meas., 17, pp. A141Ikeya, M., Ishii, H., (1990) J. Magn. Reson., 88, p. 130Smith, C.M., Stevens, A.D., (1994) Br. J. Radiol., 67, p. 1186Roth, B.J., Sepulveda, N.G., Wikswo J.P., Jr., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 65, p. 361Moreira, M., Murta, L.O., Baffa, O., (1994) Phys. Med. Biol., 39 A, p. 633Miranda, J.R.A., Baffa, O., Oliveira, R.B., Matsuda, N.M., (1992) Med. Phys., 19, p. 445Baffa, O., Oliveira, R.B., Miranda, J.R., Troncon, L.E.A., (1995) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 33, p. 353Oliveira, R.B., Baffa, O., Troncon, L.E.A., Miranda, J.R.A., Cambrea, C.R., (1996) Eur. J. Gastroent. Hepatol., 8, p. 491Miranda, J.R.A., Oliveira, R.B., Sousa, P.L., Braga, F.J.H., Baffa, O., (1997) Phys. Med. Biol., 42, p. 1791Daghastanli, N.A., Braga, F.J.H.N., Oliveira, R.B., Baffa, O., (1998) Physiol. Meas., 19, p. 413Forsman, M., Hultin, L., Abrahamsson, H., (1995) Biomagnetism: Fundamental Research and Clinical Applications. Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 7, p. 739. , edited by C. Baumgartner, L. Deecke, G. Stroink, and S. J. Williamson Elsevier, AmsterdamBasile, M., Neri, M., Carriero, A., Casciardi, S., Comani, S., Del Gratta, C., Donate, L.G., Romani, G.L., (1992) Dig. Dis. Scie., 37, p. 1537Bruno, A.C., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 82, p. 1Cruvinel, P.E., Cesareo, R., Crestana, S., Mascarenhas, S., (1990) IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 39, p. 745Lim, J.S., (1990) Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJJ. P. Wikswo, Jr., N. G. Sepulveda, and I. M. Thomas, Ref. 11, p. 789Tan, S., Ma, Y.P., Smith, I.M., Wikswo J.P., Jr., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 230Weber, E., (1951) Electromagnetic Fields: Theory and Applications, Mapping of Magnetic Fields, 1. , Wiley, New YorkSpiegel, M.R., (1990) Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables, , McGraw-Hill, New YorkBruno, A.C., Costa Ribeiro, P., Von Der Wied, J.P., Symko, O., (1986) J. Appl. Phys., 59, p. 2584Vrba, J., Fife, A.A., Burbank, M., Weinberg, H., Bricket, P.A., (1982) Can. J. Phys., 60, p. 106
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
ARNICA, the Arcetri near-infrared camera: Astronomical performance assessment
No full textThe Arcetri near-infrared camera ARNICA was built as a users' instrument for the Infrared Telescope at Gornergrat (TIRGO), and is based on a 256x256 NICMOS 3 detector. In this paper, we discuss ARNICA's optical and astronomical performance at the TIRGO and at the William Herschel Telescope on La Palma. Optical performance is evaluated in terms of plate scale, distortion, point spread function, and ghosting. Astronomical performance is characterized by camera efficiency, sensitivity, and spatial uniformity of the photometry
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