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    ARE SPECULAR IMAGES SIGNS?

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    In this paper I address the question whether specular images are signs, that is, whether mirror phenomena possess a semiosic status. The general semiotic theoretical framework I refer to is the one developed by Umberto Eco (1976; 1984; 1999). Although Eco himself invariantly answered the question I raise by the negative, I explore the issue independently of his conclusion. In section 1, I show why it is not the case that all specular images are signs on all occasions. In section 2, I argue that specular images are signs only under specific conditions. In section 3, I cope with a couple of doubts that can be raised about the legitimacy of considering specular images as signs even under the specific conditions I have identified. Finally, in section 4, I deal with Eco’s main objection against considering specular images as signs, and I show that this objection can easily be dismissed with regards to the thesis I advance here. My conclusion is that some though not all specular images are definitely signs

    Luoghi artificiali. Palm Jumeirah (Dubai) e altre isole che non c’erano

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    Il progetto di alcune isole artificiali lungo la costa di Dubai viene analizzato dal punto di vista urbano, architettonico ed epistemologico, anche sulla scorta del materiale pubblicitario (testi, immagini, video) ad esso dedicato. La discussione critica del progetto diventa un'occasione per mettere di nuovo a fuoco i temi del rapporto tra residenza, città e ambiente naturale, dell'artificialità e della naturalità, della costruzione del territorio anche nella prospettiva inusuale della storia delle isole artificiali, un tema marginale ma significativo che si dipana fino ai giorni nostri. Ne risulta uno spazio urbano autoreferenziale, il cui disegno è meticolosamente preordinato per evitare gli incontri, i conflitti, le sorprese che sono uno degli ingredienti propri della vita urbana

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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