194 research outputs found
Quo vadis Turkey?
No full text[author of the report: Indira Ceylan]Electronic ed: Istanbul ; Bonn : FES, 2011. - Title only available onlin
Indira Gandhi Canal
No full textThis file contains a digital map of the Indira Gandhi Canal (India) in Google Earth KMZ format that was produced as part of The IBT Water Project at Auburn University. The Indira Gandhi Canal was primarily designed to support irrigation in the Thar Desert region of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Originally called the Rajasthan Canal, the project was renamed in 1984 in honor of the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Stage I of construction began in 1952 and was completed in 1983. This stage is described as consisting of a 204 km feeder canal and 189 km main canal (393 km total). Stage 2 extended the main canal an additional 256 km. Construction appears to be ongoing today as the extent of water distribution expands. As of 2021, the canal appears to feature approximately 200 diversions to secondary distribution canals of varying sizes and approximately 45 control gates to manage flow rates and assist in diverting water to the secondary canals. Metadata embedded in the KMZ file include author contact, Creative Commons License information, and list of references. See the project website (URL shortcut: aub.ie/ibtwater) for information about methods, data sources, additional digital IBT maps, Google Earth tips, and a glossary of key terms
The Non-Ratification of the 1951 Convention on Refugees: An Indian Paradoxical Approach to Human Rights
No full textThe following paper explores the position of India on refugees and its resistance to signing the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. It first revisits the colonial frame in which a refugee policy was thrust upon the country. Secondly, it analyzes the geopolitical and internal constraints that determined India’s approach to the refugee question in the 1950s. Finally, it focuses on the current moment to discuss the implications of the recent amendment of the Citizenship Act for refugees in India. Such a long-term approach can open the door to a process of accommodation both by international organizations and by national governments around some universal humanitarian principles that must govern refugee policies. States remain sovereign in their international commitments. They choose to ratify a treaty or not, and to denounce it or not. In addition, human rights institutions are regularly criticized and attacked by States while their legitimacy is often questioned. It is this sovereign freedom of each State, which makes this matter difficult to grasp. We believe that understanding the factors influencing States in their choices is particularly crucial in this period of instability in international relations.L’article qui suit explore la position de l’Inde sur la question des réfugiés et sa résistance à signer la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés. Il revisite tout d’abord le cadre colonial dans lequel une politique des réfugiés a été imposée. Ensuite, il analyse les contraintes géopolitiques et internes qui ont déterminé l’approche indienne à la question des réfugiés dans les années 1950. Enfin, l’article met en lumière l’impact, sur les réfugiés, de l’amendement de 2019 à la Loi sur la citoyenneté en Inde. Les États restent souverains dans leurs engagements internationaux. Ils choisissent de ratifier ou non un traité, de le dénoncer ou non. De plus, les critiques et attaques régulières à l’encontre des institutions des droits humains par les États entraînent une remise en question de ces mêmes institutions et de leur légitimité. C’est cette liberté souveraine de chaque État qui rend cette question difficile à appréhender. La compréhension des facteurs qui influencent les États dans leurs choix est particulièrement cruciale en cette période d’instabilité des relations internationales.El siguiente artículo explora la posición de la India sobre los refugiados y su resistencia a firmar la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados de 1951. En primer lugar, revisa el marco colonial en el que se impuso al país una política de refugiados. En segundo lugar, analiza los condicionantes geopolíticos e internos que determinaron el enfoque de la India sobre la cuestión de los refugiados en la década de 1950. Por último, se centra en el momento actual para evidenciar las implicaciones de la reciente modificación de la Ley de Ciudadanía para los refugiados en la India. Los Estados siguen siendo soberanos en sus compromisos internacionales. Deciden ratificar un tratado o no, y denunciarlo o no. Además, las instituciones de derechos humanos son criticadas y atacadas regularmente por los Estados, mientras que su legitimidad es a menudo cuestionada. Es ésta libertad soberana de cada Estado la que hace que éste asunto sea difícil de entender. Creemos que comprender los factores que influyen en las decisiones de los Estados es especialmente crucial en este periodo de inestabilidad en las relaciones internacionales
MRS. GANDHI GAVE NEW ECONOMIC APPROACHES
No full textPlenty of food, Sufficient clothing, Proper monitoring of the Key Socio- Economic factors, with commitment to Domestic Productivity were the Essence of the Administrative strategy of Mrs. Indira Gandhi (Late Prime Minister of India). These approaches could be critically related to the remarkable Economic advancement of the Indian sub-continent, with Self- sufficiency in Agriculture, leaving a surplus for export and strides in Industry, Atomic Research, and Space Exploration in India. The author feels that these unique thoughts and approaches of the late Prime Minister could serve as an eye-opener to all the Third World Nations to Accelerate their pace of Social and Economic development. ================================================================ Between 1972 and 1981, the author was a Social worker in India, and a Honorary Consultant for the effective implementation and monitoring of the 20 Point Socio-Economic Development programs designed by Shrimathi Indira Gandhi, the late Prime Minister of India. Centre page article by DR.VSRS in the Barbados Advocate, the largest circulated Daily in Barbados, West Indies, and the English speaking Caribbean Countries. Page 4 - Tuesday - January 8, 1985. During 1982 - 1986, the author was a “Consultant Adviser - Computer Services”, to the Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados, West Indies ( World Bank / UNDP Setup ), under nomination from his assignment as the “Data Processing Expert” to the Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co- operation, London, UK.20 Point Program, Economic Development, Development Ratios, Government Strategy, Indira Gandhi, Key Ratios, Management Decision, Mass Development, Mrs.Gandhi, Political Economics, Productivity, Redefined Productivity, Social Development, Socio-Economic Development
Une approche juridique globale de l'invisibilisation des discriminations envers les minorités
No full textCette thèse analyse la visibilité ou l’invisibilité des violations des droits fondamentaux des minorités au prisme du système judiciaire. Elle examine les législations nationales, les pratiques et politiques discriminatoires de l’État et des agents civils pour comprendre comment le pouvoir judiciaire contribue – ou résiste – à la discrimination qui peut s’exercer aux niveaux institutionnel et individuel. L’étude évalue, à travers l’analyse des décisions judiciaires, comment le système judiciaire met en œuvre les politiques étatiques. En parallèle, la thèse souligne également le rôle des agents et des bureaucrates dans l’application des législations sur le terrain et leur impact sur les groupes minoritaires. L’étude suit deux approches. Tout d’abord, une approche nationale centrée sur le cas de l’Inde, qui ne fait pas partie d’un système régional de protection des droits de l’homme, en examinant le cas d’une minorité au sein de la communauté musulmane de l’État d’Assam, dans le nord-est du pays, privée arbitrairement de sa nationalité. Deuxièmement, la thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective internationale en se concentrant sur deux systèmes régionaux de droits de l’homme – la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme – afin d’étudier leur rôle dans la vérification du respect par les États des principes universels des droits de l’homme. Cette étude des systèmes régionaux a pour but de vérifier si les interprétations judiciaires indiennes sont cohérentes avec les interprétations d’autres systèmes régionaux concernant la discrimination à l’égard des minorités. Si l’Inde a pu conserver, en raison de son passé colonial, un certain degré d’anxiété face à d’éventuelles impositions de normes et de principes juridiques provenant d’institutions occidentales, cette attitude ne peut pas être étendue aux États latino-américains ou à leurs systèmes et modèles judiciairesThis thesis analyses the visibility or invisibility of core minority rights’ violations through the judicial system and the medium of judicial rulings. It examines cases of discriminatory legislation, practices and policies by the State and civil agents to see how the judiciary contributes to – or resists – discrimination that may be working at different levels, institutional and individual. Judicial decisions can be studied to evaluate the extent to which they may enact State policies. So too, agents like bureaucrats, play a critical role in implementing legislation on the ground level, and their practices towards minority groups are equally worthy of analysis. Whilst the judiciary has a legal and moral obligation to respect national legislation, judges are also expected to exercise their independence, and maintain neutrality. The study follows two principal approaches. Firstly, a national approach with a focus on the case of India, which is not part of a regional human rights system. It will examine the case of a minority within the Muslim community in the Northeast state of Assam who are being deprived of their nationality in arbitrary ways. Secondly, the thesis adheres to an international perspective with a special focus on two regional human rights systems – the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights – to study their role in verifying States’ respect for universal human rights principles. This analysis of regional courts allows us to check whether Indian judicial interpretations are consistent with interpretations in other regional systems regarding discrimination against minorities. If India may have retained a degree of anxiety about possible impositions of legal norms and principles coming from Western institutions because of its colonial past, it cannot extend its antipathy towards colonial legacies to Latin American States or their judicial systems and model
A global juridicial approach to the invisibilisation of minorities discrimination
No full textThis thesis analyses the visibility or invisibility of core minority rights’ violations through the judicial system and the medium of judicial rulings. It examines cases of discriminatory legislation, practices and policies by the State and civil agents to see how the judiciary contributes to – or resists – discrimination that may be working at different levels, institutional and individual. Judicial decisions can be studied to evaluate the extent to which they may enact State policies. So too, agents like bureaucrats, play a critical role in implementing legislation on the ground level, and their practices towards minority groups are equally worthy of analysis. Whilst the judiciary has a legal and moral obligation to respect national legislation, judges are also expected to exercise their independence, and maintain neutrality.
The study follows two principal approaches. Firstly, a national approach with a focus on the case of India, which is not part of a regional human rights system. It will examine the case of a minority within the Muslim community in the Northeast state of Assam who are being deprived of their nationality in arbitrary ways. Secondly, the thesis adheres to an international perspective with a special focus on two regional human rights systems – the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights – to study their role in verifying States’ respect for universal human rights principles. This analysis of regional courts allows us to check whether Indian judicial interpretations are consistent with interpretations in other regional systems regarding discrimination against minorities. If India may have retained a degree of anxiety about possible impositions of legal norms and principles coming from Western institutions because of its colonial past, it cannot extend its antipathy towards colonial legacies to Latin American States or their judicial systems and models
Une approche juridique globale de l'invisibilisation de la discrimination à l'égard des minorités
No full textThis thesis analyses the visibility or invisibility of core minority rights’ violations through the judicial system and the medium of judicial rulings. It examines cases of discriminatory legislation, practices and policies by the State and civil agents to see how the judiciary contributes to – or resists – discrimination that may be working at different levels, institutional and individual. Judicial decisions can be studied to evaluate the extent to which they may enact State policies. So too, agents like bureaucrats, play a critical role in implementing legislation on the ground level, and their practices towards minority groups are equally worthy of analysis. Whilst the judiciary has a legal and moral obligation to respect national legislation, judges are also expected to exercise their independence, and maintain neutrality. The study follows two principal approaches. Firstly, a national approach with a focus on the case of India, which is not part of a regional human rights system. It will examine the case of a minority within the Muslim community in the Northeast state of Assam who are being deprived of their nationality in arbitrary ways. Secondly, the thesis adheres to an international perspective with a special focus on two regional human rights systems – the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights – to study their role in verifying States’ respect for universal human rights principles. This analysis of regional courts allows us to check whether Indian judicial interpretations are consistent with interpretations in other regional systems regarding discrimination against minorities. If India may have retained a degree of anxiety about possible impositions of legal norms and principles coming from Western institutions because of its colonial past, it cannot extend its antipathy towards colonial legacies to Latin American States or their judicial systems and models.Cette thèse analyse la visibilité ou l’invisibilité des violations des droits fondamentaux des minorités au prisme du système judiciaire. Elle examine les législations nationales, les pratiques et politiques discriminatoires de l’État et des agents civils pour comprendre comment le pouvoir judiciaire contribue – ou résiste – à la discrimination qui peut s’exercer aux niveaux institutionnel et individuel. L’étude évalue, à travers l’analyse des décisions judiciaires, comment le système judiciaire met en œuvre les politiques étatiques. En parallèle, la thèse souligne également le rôle des agents et des bureaucrates dans l’application des législations sur le terrain et leur impact sur les groupes minoritaires. L’étude suit deux approches. Tout d’abord, une approche nationale centrée sur le cas de l’Inde, qui ne fait pas partie d’un système régional de protection des droits de l’homme, en examinant le cas d’une minorité au sein de la communauté musulmane de l’État d’Assam, dans le nord-est du pays, privée arbitrairement de sa nationalité. Deuxièmement, la thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective internationale en se concentrant sur deux systèmes régionaux de droits de l’homme – la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme – afin d’étudier leur rôle dans la vérification du respect par les États des principes universels des droits de l’homme. Cette étude des systèmes régionaux a pour but de vérifier si les interprétations judiciaires indiennes sont cohérentes avec les interprétations d’autres systèmes régionaux concernant la discrimination à l’égard des minorités. Si l’Inde a pu conserver, en raison de son passé colonial, un certain degré d’anxiété face à d’éventuelles impositions de normes et de principes juridiques provenant d’institutions occidentales, cette attitude ne peut pas être étendue aux États latino-américains ou à leurs systèmes et modèles judiciaires
Une approche juridique globale de l'invisibilisation de la discrimination à l'égard des minorités
No full textThis thesis analyses the visibility or invisibility of core minority rights’ violations through the judicial system and the medium of judicial rulings. It examines cases of discriminatory legislation, practices and policies by the State and civil agents to see how the judiciary contributes to – or resists – discrimination that may be working at different levels, institutional and individual. Judicial decisions can be studied to evaluate the extent to which they may enact State policies. So too, agents like bureaucrats, play a critical role in implementing legislation on the ground level, and their practices towards minority groups are equally worthy of analysis. Whilst the judiciary has a legal and moral obligation to respect national legislation, judges are also expected to exercise their independence, and maintain neutrality. The study follows two principal approaches. Firstly, a national approach with a focus on the case of India, which is not part of a regional human rights system. It will examine the case of a minority within the Muslim community in the Northeast state of Assam who are being deprived of their nationality in arbitrary ways. Secondly, the thesis adheres to an international perspective with a special focus on two regional human rights systems – the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights – to study their role in verifying States’ respect for universal human rights principles. This analysis of regional courts allows us to check whether Indian judicial interpretations are consistent with interpretations in other regional systems regarding discrimination against minorities. If India may have retained a degree of anxiety about possible impositions of legal norms and principles coming from Western institutions because of its colonial past, it cannot extend its antipathy towards colonial legacies to Latin American States or their judicial systems and models.Cette thèse analyse la visibilité ou l’invisibilité des violations des droits fondamentaux des minorités au prisme du système judiciaire. Elle examine les législations nationales, les pratiques et politiques discriminatoires de l’État et des agents civils pour comprendre comment le pouvoir judiciaire contribue – ou résiste – à la discrimination qui peut s’exercer aux niveaux institutionnel et individuel. L’étude évalue, à travers l’analyse des décisions judiciaires, comment le système judiciaire met en œuvre les politiques étatiques. En parallèle, la thèse souligne également le rôle des agents et des bureaucrates dans l’application des législations sur le terrain et leur impact sur les groupes minoritaires. L’étude suit deux approches. Tout d’abord, une approche nationale centrée sur le cas de l’Inde, qui ne fait pas partie d’un système régional de protection des droits de l’homme, en examinant le cas d’une minorité au sein de la communauté musulmane de l’État d’Assam, dans le nord-est du pays, privée arbitrairement de sa nationalité. Deuxièmement, la thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective internationale en se concentrant sur deux systèmes régionaux de droits de l’homme – la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme – afin d’étudier leur rôle dans la vérification du respect par les États des principes universels des droits de l’homme. Cette étude des systèmes régionaux a pour but de vérifier si les interprétations judiciaires indiennes sont cohérentes avec les interprétations d’autres systèmes régionaux concernant la discrimination à l’égard des minorités. Si l’Inde a pu conserver, en raison de son passé colonial, un certain degré d’anxiété face à d’éventuelles impositions de normes et de principes juridiques provenant d’institutions occidentales, cette attitude ne peut pas être étendue aux États latino-américains ou à leurs systèmes et modèles judiciaires
Local judicial practices and international human rights law: Assam, the Indian Union and the treatment of minorities.
No full textThis paper analyzes the denial of citizenship rights to linguistic minorities in the Indian State of Assam through theoretical frameworks of domestic law, international human rights law, and global legal theory. Providing historical context on Assam, it outlines India’s National Register of Citizens process to identify « illegal immigrants », which resulted in exclusion of nearly 2 million individuals. It critically examines this citizenship review process and its quasi-judicial tribunals, arguing they violate procedural fairness and universal human rights principles. The paper also explores how India’s Supreme Court increasingly references jurisprudence of regional human rights courts in minority rights cases. Linking the Assam situation to emerging concepts of global law and transnational judicial dialogue, the paper advocates combining universal human rights norms with deep local contextualization to best understand contemporary citizenship deprivation in Assam. It concludes that resolving complex nationality issues requires consistent application of core human rights principles within specific local settings
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