1,721,041 research outputs found
Resistant starch in the Italian diet.
No full textResistant starch (RS) has been defined as the sum of starch and starch-degradation products that reach the human large intestine (Champ, 1994), and it is now regarded as a sub-fraction of starch with a positive impact on colonic welfare and lipid metabolism. An early estimate of the RS intake in Europe gave an average value of approximately 4 g/d (Dyssler & Hoffem, 1994a). However, since no information is available for Italy, the aim of the present study was to estimate the intake of RS in the Italian diet by direct analysis of RS in a range of typical foods representing the main sources of starch intake in the country. The selection of representative foods and of food consumption data were based on published results of the National Food Consumption Study conducted during the 1980s by the National Institute of Nutrition on 10 000 households, using weighed-food records plus inventory methodologies (Saba et al. 1990; Turrini et al. 1991). Three main groups of foods were considered: cereals (pasta, rice, bread and bread products, and pastries), potatoes, legumes. Different commercial brands for each sample were purchased, according to the known presence on the market. Samples were prepared 'as eaten' and submitted to simulated chewing, followed by total and resistant starch determination using the enzymic procedure published as a result of the EC Concerted Action EURESTA (Champ, 1992). From these results, the estimated average intake of RS in Italy was found to be 8.5 g/d, with regional differences (from 7.2 g/d in the north-west to 9.2 g/d in the south) mainly due to the different consumption of some typical Italian starchy food (bread, pasta, legumes
Sustainable Interventions: Conservation of Old Timber Roof of Michelangelo’s Cloister in Diocletian’s Baths
No full textIn this study, a rigorous assessment approach is proposed in order to promote conservation of cultural heritage instead of partial replacement too often overused in the past. With reference to the XVI–XVII cloisters in the Baths of Diocletian in Rome, in the small cloister, known as Ludovisi’s, the old chestnut timber structure was dismantled and substituted with a new roof made of glued and laminated timber rafters and purlins. In the past 20 years, some of the bays of Michelangelo’s cloister have also undertaken substitution of the roof structure, with new timber elements of chestnut wood. In order to satisfy a comprehensive reliability assessment of the roof structure, as required by the management of the monument, the authors carried out non-destructive measures, experimental full-scale tests, as well as a refined finite element modeling, aiming at the conservation of the historical value of the timber structure
The resistance to earthquake of structures made by dry stone blocks: the case of the Coliseum hypogeum
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Simplex algorithms for 3D limit analysis of roman groin vaults
No full textIn Roman Baths the Romans employed groin vaults of great dimensions, with maximum span more than 20 m; simple tools of structural analysis of ancient wide span vaulted halls are still lacking, due to geometrical and material complexity. In this paper we study the collapse behavior, under horizontal static action, of a corner cross vault of the Baths of Diocletian in Rome (Hall I). In the present modeling, masonry is discretized as a system of interacting rigid bodies in no-tension and frictional contact. The computational code consists in a linear programming approach which make use of a series of optimization packages via lower and upper bound techniques of limit analysis. In the paper, a solution strategy based on a modified simplex algorithm has been introduced in order to manage the large number of contacts given by a 3D block assembly. One more task of the proposed problem consists in a suitable description of the overall 3D geometry, here afforded with a specific pre-processing approach
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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