104 research outputs found
Review: Petra Grell (2006). Forschende Lernwerkstatt. Eine qualitative Untersuchung zu Lernwiderständen in der Weiterbildung
No full textPetra GRELL beschreibt ein gelungenes Beispiel einer partizipativen, problemorientierten qualitativen Sozialforschung, das sich mit dem in der Weiterbildung häufig anzutreffenden Problem von Lernwiderständen bei den Lehrgangsteilnehmenden auseinandersetzt. Um die verschiedenen Facetten und die Motivation hinter diesem Verhalten zu analysieren, greift die Autorin auf verschiedene qualitative Methoden zurück und integriert und reflektiert erfolgreich die Verwendung von bildgestützten Verfahren. Die Arbeit ist daher sowohl vom thematischen Fokus als auch von der methodischen Reflexion und Diskussion her sehr empfehlenswert.Petra GRELL describes an example of a successful participatory, problem-oriented qualitative social research project. The project dealt with resistance to learning in further education, a problem which is frequently observed. To show the different facets and the motivation behind this behaviour, the author uses a mixture of qualitative methods, and integrates and reflects on the successful use of image processes. The work is highly recommended both for its thematic focus and for the methodological reflection and discussion it contains.Petra GRELL describe el ejemplo de un exitoso proyecto de investigación cualitativa orientado al problema y participativo. El proyecto trata sobre la resistencia al aprendizaje en la educación superior, que es un problema observado frecuentemente. Para mostrar las diferentes facetas y la motivación detrás de esta conducta, el autor usa una mezcla de métodos cualitativos, integra y reflexiona acerca del exitoso uso de procesos de imagen. El trabajo es altamente recomendado tanto por su foco temático como por la reflexión metodológica y discusión que contiene
Reseña: Petra Grell (2006). Forschende Lernwerkstatt [Un taller de investigación acerca del aprendizaje. Una investigación cualitativa sobre la resistencia al aprendizaje en la educación superior]
No full textPetra GRELL beschreibt ein gelungenes Beispiel einer partizipativen, problemorientierten qualitativen Sozialforschung, das sich mit dem in der Weiterbildung häufig anzutreffenden Problem von Lernwiderständen bei den Lehrgangsteilnehmenden auseinandersetzt. Um die verschiedenen Facetten und die Motivation hinter diesem Verhalten zu analysieren, greift die Autorin auf verschiedene qualitative Methoden zurück und integriert und reflektiert erfolgreich die Verwendung von bildgestützten Verfahren. Die Arbeit ist daher sowohl vom thematischen Fokus als auch von der methodischen Reflexion und Diskussion her sehr empfehlenswert.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0902242Petra GRELL describes an example of a successful participatory, problem-oriented qualitative social research project. The project dealt with resistance to learning in further education, a problem which is frequently observed. To show the different facets and the motivation behind this behaviour, the author uses a mixture of qualitative methods, and integrates and reflects on the successful use of image processes. The work is highly recommended both for its thematic focus and for the methodological reflection and discussion it contains.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0902242Petra GRELL describe el ejemplo de un exitoso proyecto de investigación cualitativa orientado al problema y participativo. El proyecto trata sobre la resistencia al aprendizaje en la educación superior, que es un problema observado frecuentemente. Para mostrar las diferentes facetas y la motivación detrás de esta conducta, el autor usa una mezcla de métodos cualitativos, integra y reflexiona acerca del exitoso uso de procesos de imagen. El trabajo es altamente recomendado tanto por su foco temático como por la reflexión metodológica y discusión que contiene.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090224
Sandheden som fremmedlegeme? Helge Grell: Skaberordet og billedordet.
No full textTruth as a Foreign Body?The Creative Word and the Word as Image By Helge Grell. Reviewed by Hellmut Toftdahl.How and why is mankind able to speak truth about God? - That is the subject of this book, which addresses itself to theologians. Grell treats a large area of Grundtvig’s authorship from the period 1807-32, where he works his way out of speculative unified philosophy and the idealistic view of Christianity. For Grundtvig cognition of the creation concept and the word of God are very closely connected. Man is created in time and space and apprehends with the aid of his senses in images or imaginative thoughts. So the eternal and spiritual must reveal itself to man in temporal and sensuous images.Truth must have a body. On the basis of the material before him Grell analyses Grundtvig’s major dogma: God is at hand for mankind in the Word of God as Creator, Redeemer and Holy Spirit. Since Grundtvig is under the powerful influence of Schelling during this period, the book considers Schelling’s philosophy in a separate appendix. In his presentation of Grundtvig’s thought Grell emphasizes that Grundtvig accepts dualism as a condition for his understanding of existence and that mankind is unable to gain eternity through poetry and philosophy because of the Fall.One chapter deals with unpublished sermons from the beginning of the 1820’s. Grell sees them as an expression of the thoughts that Grundtvig later advanced with regard to the aim and content of sermons. The weakness in this method is that Grundtvig the poet does not receive his full due; for it is precisely in this period that Grundtvig gives free rein to the imagery in his sermons. The author is more on the wave-length of Grundtvig the analyser than Grundtvig the poetic preacher. He presents Grundtvig’s development as that of a systematic theologian and disregards his poetic development in the same period.Because the book stops at 1832 there is no explanation of the relationship between the young theorist and the older politician on the subject of the Church and cultural affairs. This lack has spurred the reviewer into a further consideration of Grundtvig as a preacher, particularly in the light of Søren Kierkegaard’s criticism. Toftdahl sees the essence of Grundtvig’s problem as a preacher lying in truth being subjected to the body’s conditions: that truth has to be mediated in time and space on given historical and political conditions. It therefore seems appropriate to put the preaching theories of the young Grundtvig into the perspective of the older Grundtvig’s major statements about the conditions God’s Word faces in the political reality of the Church and cultural affairs. At what points was Grundtvig a divinely-inspired preacher, and at what points was he, in the words of Kierkegaard, “a bellowing blacksmith” or a “jaunty, yodelling chap”?Later on in life Grundtvig was aware that not all salvation is legitimatelybased. There are words that create life; but there are also words that create something that is hardly distinguishable from life. What decides the case is the conscience, “which is Truth’s own witness in us about itse lf’ (Church Faith and School Teachings 1846) - (Kirke-Troen og Skole-Læren). In the same place Grundtvig distinguishes between “the Faith of Truth” and “the Faith of Falseness”.What is so exciting about Grundtvig as a preacher is to see how the preacher keeps a fairly tight rein on the poet, but without choking him. His genius is not that he had visions - every poet has them - but how he dealt with those visions so that they benefitted others as well as himself. Solidarity with the fellowship of baptism and Holy Communion is the prerequisite for his calling his inspired moments “true”. It is a delicate balance between what is basic and what is vulgar. He analyses this in Elementary Christian Teachings 1855-61 (Den Christne Børnelærdom), and it is reflected everywhere in his political work on cultural affairs.The cardinal point in Grundtvig’s theory of preaching and in his political programme was a separatism between the Church, the State and the School. He wanted a society in which growth of consciousness, politics and education all exist freely and independently of each other. Grundtvig thus represents an alternative to our present way of thinking, in which politics infiltrates both education and religion. With Grundtvig Truth’s body is present, in contrast to abstract ideologies: “these French and German free-hand drawings of castles in the air”, he calls them, protesting against the use of ideologies as a substitute for lost religious feeling. Only through the greatest possible comprehensiveness in education and the greatest possible political freedom can Truth be given fair conditions of existence; the Lie will reveal itself.A relevant cultural battle on Grundtvig’s terms must therefore consist of fighting ideological infiltration wherever it is to be found in the politics of the Church and of education. In a thoroughly politicised, technocratic and authoritarian world it is perhaps the individual congregation that is the last refuge for the scruples that the individual in Grundtvig and Kierkegaard’s time was still strong enough to manage as an isolated individual. The collective defence of the Truth of the message of conscience and love may be the Grundtvigian alternative to the brave new world.In a technocratic society Truth’s body will be diagnosed as a foreign body: either an insignificant splinter in the machine or an irritating mistake in the control-room. This will depend on what sort of impetus the Grundtvigian alternative to the brave new world is given. But a body will not let itself be quietly choked. It reacts violently when it is threatened. Often the will to live grows with the threat. The corporality of Truth adds to the gospel what is so characteristic of Grundtvig, namely the battle motif. The gospel is not merely a dogmatic or an aesthetic problem, but a vital, existential problem. It is in battle that Truth proves its life-power against the facile truth, the “castles in the air” of ideologies
Diplompädagogen in Studium und Beruf : Bamberger Absolventen - früher und heute
No full textBamberg, Univ., Diss., 2014Zusammenfassung:
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Berufseinstieg und -verlauf und der Berufszufriedenheit Bamberger Diplompädagogen (m/w) und deren rückblickender Beurteilung des Studiums. Befragt wurden alle zwischen 1992 und 2011 ausgebildeten Diplompädagogen (m/w). Es wurde dabei auf eine bereits 1993 mit gleicher Thematik von der Autorin vorgenommene Absolvierendenstudie zurückgegriffen. Damit liegen Befunde vor, die sich auf alle Absolvierendenjahrgänge seit Einrichtung des Studiengangs im Jahr 1969 bis zu seiner Ablösung durch Bachelor- und Masterpädagogik beziehen.
Nach anamnetischer Betrachtung der Pädagogik als Disziplin und Profession werden einzelne Verdachtsdiagnosen erstellt. Die methodologische Vorgehensweise wird, vor dem Hintergrund der exklusiven Bamberger Situation, bayernweit größte und bundesweit drittgrößte Ausbildungsstätte für Pädagogen (m/w) zu sein, reflektiert.
Die Ergebnisse konzentrieren sich auf die soziodemographischen Daten, auf die Situation vor dem Studium, auf das Ausbildungs- und Qualifizierungsverhalten und die Platzierung Bamberger Absolventen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Schließlich bewerten die Bamberger Pädagogikabsolventen (m/w) in der Rückschau ihr Studium.Abstract: This research paper is looking at Bamberg’s diploma pedagogues, especially getting into their jobs and continuing there, individual contentment with the job and how they think about their studies afterwards. Asked are all pedagogues who reached their diploma between 1992 and 2011. Therefore the author went back to a study with the same theme out of the year 1993. So there are results, referring to all age groups of graduate high-school leavers since the beginning in 1969 to the end of this university course. After an anamnesis of the pedagogy as discipline and profession it is made a diagnostic and a reflection about the methodic, for Bamberg is the greatest institution in Bavaria und the third greatest institution in Germany educating and training pedagogues. The results concentrate on social and demographic characteristics, on the situation before studying, on the studying and qualifying behavior and on the placing and staying of Bamberg’s graduate high-school leavers at the employment market. Looking back at least the diploma pedagogues score their studying
Isomer-pure synthesis and preparation of FET using thieno[f,f′]bis[1] benzothiophene (syn, anti)
No full textThe field-effect mobility in two isomers of thieno[f,f′]bis[1] benzothiophene was studied as a function of structure. Both regioisomers exhibit substantial mobilities up to 0.12 cm-2-Vs, a value that is at most one order of magnitude lower than the best known organic transistors based on silicon dioxide gate insulators. The devices based on these materials exhibit another phenomenon, namely a shift in the threshold voltage during operation. This shift differs from usually observed threshold voltage changes in amount and irreversibility. In this paper, we present possible explanations for the observed behavior.
Über die (Un-)Möglichkeit, Früherziehung durch Selbstbildung zu ersetzen
No full textDer Beitrag untersucht den Begriff der "Selbstbildung", einen "Ausgangspunkt" der meisten "modernen" frühpädagogischen Ansätze. Auf der Grundlage einer historisch-systematischen Rekonstruktion des Problems der kindlichen Selbstbildung und seiner Behandlung bei Rousseau, Fröbel und Montessori werden aktuelle Selbstbildungsansätze kritisch beleuchtet. Weil sie im Gegensatz zur "klassischen" Elementarpädagogik die bildungstheoretisch zentrale Frage nach den "ersten" und "elementaren" Gegenständen der frühkindlichen Bildung kaum reflektieren, sind "moderne" Selbstbildungsansätze wenig geeignet, die theoretischen und praktischen Aufgaben einer Pädagogik der frühen Kindheit angemessen zu beschreiben und zu bearbeiten. (DIPF/Orig.)The author examines the concept of \u27self-education\u27, a starting point of most of the \u27modern\u27 approaches in early childhood pedagogics. On the basis of a historical-systematic reconstruction of the issue of childhood self-education and its treatment by Rousseau, Fröbel and Montessori, recent approaches to self-education are analyzed. Due to the fact that, in contrast to \u27classic\u27 elementary pedagogics, they hardly reflect the central question of the \u27first\u27 and \u27elementary\u27 subjects of early childhood education, these \u27modern\u27 approaches to self-education are of little use for an adequate description and treatment of the theoretical and practical tasks of early childhood pedagogics. (DIPF/Orig.
Mitohistoria y nación: a propósito de la España Primitiva de Huerta y Vega. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos Num. 79 (2011) mayo-agosto
No full textJ. Santos Puerto, “La censura de la España Primitiva: una aclaración historiográfica”, en Hispania, LIX/2, 202, 1999, pp. 547-564.Martín Sarmiento, Dictamen acerca de la España Primitiva, pp. 559-564.D. R. Kelley, Faces of History, Yale UP, 1998, pp. 9-10, 44-47; G. Cotroneo, I trattatisti dell’ “Ars Historica”, Nápoles, 1971, passim.C. Grell, Le Dix-huitième siècle et l’antiquité en France, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1995, pp. 983-1003, esp. 1000-1003.R. Bizzocchi, Genealogie incredibile, Roma, Il Mulino, 1995, pp. 213-216, con consideración en otros lugares del trabajo de ejemplos españoles.C. Poulouin, Le Temps des origines, París, Honoré Champion, 1998, pp. 310-350, esp. 319-322; C. Borghero, La certezza e la storia. Cartesianismo, pirronismo e conoscenza storica, Milán, Angeli, 1983, esp. caps. 1-3.De acuerdo con el sugerente análisis de J. Starobinsky, “Le Mythe au XVIII siècle”, en Critique, 366, 1977, pp. 975- 997, esp. 980-983.R. Trousson, “Feijoo, crítico de la exégesis mitológica”, en Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, XVIII, 1965-1966, pp. 453-461; L. Schrader, “Feijóo und die deutung der Mythen”, en Spanien und Europa im Zeichem der Aufklärung, Frankfurt, P. Lang, 1986, pp. 287-302, con resumen en español en 303-304.F. Laplace, La Bible en France entre mythe et critique, XVI-XIX siècle, París, Albin Michel, 1994, pp. 34-69.M. R. Lida de Malkiel, “Túbal, primer poblador de España”, en Ábaco. Estudios sobre literatura española. Madrid, Castalia, 1970, pp. 11-47; Túbal como se sabe era nieto de Noe e hijo de Jafet; Tarsis era hijo de Javan, uno de los hijos de Jafet, y sobrino por tanto de Tubal.Lo que ya fuera advertido por los hermanos Mohedano (Historia literaria, pp. 28-29).Fray Jerónimo de la Concepción, Emporio de El Orbe, Ámsterdam, 1690; reedición de la Universidad de Cádiz, 2003, t. I, ed. de A. Morgado García.O. Rudbeck, Atlantica, sive Manheim, 4 vols., Upsala, 1679-1702.Sobre esa interdependencia pueden verse los trabajos recogidos en La Guerra de Sucesión en España y América, X Jornadas de Historia Militar, 2000 (Sevilla, Cátedra General Castaños, 2001), pp. 279-379; atendiendo asimismo a esa interacción en la publicística, D. González Cruz, Guerra de religión entre príncipes católicos, Madrid, Ministerio de Defensa, 2002.La verdadera unión de las dos Coronas de España y Francia (1702)”, libro tercero de su Memoria; dedicatoria al monarca y discurso octavo, Archives Ministère Affaires Étrangers, Mémoires et Documents, Espagne, vol. 118, ff. 245-246 vto. y 279-285.Libro 4º, caps. 8-17, y en concreto cap. 9º § 3 (cito en este caso por la reedición del FCE de México, 1981, con estudio preliminar de F. Pease; véase también D. A. Brading, op. cit., p. 382).Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo, Historia de España vindicada, Lima, Francisco Sobrino, 1730, pp. 150-164 y, en concreto, p. 154. Sobre el personaje en cuestión véase R. Hill, Sceptres and Sciences in the Spains, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2000, pp. 148-190.Antonio Fernández Prieto y Sotelo, Historia Derecho, pp. 21, 31, 36-38, 46 y 49 para las referencias incluidas en este parágrafo.F. X. M. de la Huerta, España Primitiva, I, cap. 13 y, en concreto, p. 93.C. Grell, L’Histoire entre érudition et pholosophie, París, PUF, 1993, pp. 195-219C. Grell, Dix-huitième, pp. 755-762, 1119-1136 ; L’Histoire, pp. 257-274.P. Fernández Albaladejo, “La nación de los ‘modernos’. Incertidumbres de nación en la España de Felipe V”, en Josep Fontana, Historia i projecte social, Barcelona, Crítica, 2004, pp. 438-452.Fastos de la Real Academia de la Historia (1740), vol. II, pp. 123-405.A. Grafton, Falsarios y críticos. Creatividad e impostura en la tradición occidental, Barcelona, Crítica, 2001, passim.Francisco Xavier Manuel de la Huerta y Vega’s two volumes of España primitive, published in Madrid in 1738 and 1740, is not exactly among the foremost masterpieces of the historiography of the Enlightenment. This book emerged already marked by suspicion and a negative reputation, which it has not been able to shed since then. Wheter the negative reputation of España primitiva is justified or not is not the focus of this paper. Instead, it is an inquiry into the causes and, perhaps minimal dissensions, upon the unanimity of the decisions that condemned Huerta y Vega’s work.</p
Atmospheric modeling of natural hazards
No full textDissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2021Airborne hazards either in gaseous form or particulate matter can originate from a variety of sources. The most common natural airborne hazards are ash and SO₂ released during volcanic eruptions, smoke emitted caused by wildfires and dust storms. Once released into the atmosphere they can have a significant impact on different parts of the environment e.g. air quality, soil and water, as well as air traffic and ground transportation networks. This latter field is an important aspect of everyday life that is affected during hazardous events. Aviation is one of the most critical ways of transport in this century. Even short interruptions in flight schedules can lead to major economic damages. Volcanic eruptions comprise one of the most important airborne hazards to aviation. These are considered rare as compared to severe weather, but with an extremely high impact. This dissertation focusses on dispersion modeling tools and how they can support emergency response during different phases of volcanic eruption events. The impact of the volcanic ash cloud on the prediction of meteorological parameters and furthermore the dispersion of the ash is demonstrated by applying the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model with on-line integrated chemical transport (WRF-Chem) to simulate the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland. Comprehensive observational data sets have been collected to evaluate the model and to show the added value of integrating direct-feedback processes into the simulations. The case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption showed the necessity to further develop the volcanic emission preprocessor of WRF-Chem which has been extended for flexible and complex ash and SO₂ source terms. Furthermore, the thesis describes how scientists could support operational centers to mitigate hazards during a large volcanic eruption event. The author of the dissertation coordinated a large exercise including experts across all Europe within a project funded by the European Union. The exercise aimed to develop and test new tools, models, and data to support real-time decision making in aviation flight planning during a volcanic crisis event. New state-of-the-art modeling applications were integrated into a flight planning software during a fictitious eruption of the Etna volcano in Italy with contributions from scientists, the military and the aviation community.Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration cooperative agreement NA13OAR4320056 with the University of AlaskaChapter 1: Introduction --1.1 Airborne hazards and their impact on the environment and aviation -- 1.2 The volcanic risk mitigation system for aviation -- 1.3 Dispersion models support emergency response -- 1.4 Composition of the dissertation -- References. Chapter 2: The effects of simulating volcanic aerosol radiative feedbacks with WRF-Chem during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption, April and May 2010 -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2. Simulations setup -- 2.2.1. Model setup and case specifications -- 2.2.2. Volcanic emission preprocessor -- 2.3. Spatial and temporal evaluation of the location of the volcanic plume -- 2.4. Evaluation of meteorological parameters close to the surface -- 2.4.1. Meteorological observations -- 2.4.2. Average meteorological parameters at ground level -- 2.5. Aerosol radiative feedback effects in the model simulations -- 2.5.1. Radiative feedback effects close to the surface -- 2.5.2. Vertical profiles of wind speed and temperature -- 2.5.3. Influence of the radiative feedback effects on the atmospheric stability -- 2.6. The influence of considering the direct effect on the dispersion of the ash cloud -- 2.7. Summary and conclusions -- 2.8. Acknowledgments -- References. Chapter 3: Extension of the WRF-Chem volcanic emission preprocessor to integrate complex source terms and evaluation for different emission scenarios of the Grimsvötn 2011 eruption -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Extension of the volcanic preprocessor of the WRF-Chem model -- 3.3 WRF-Chem model simulations -- 3.3.1 Model setup -- 3.3.2 Volcanic emission scenarios -- 3.3.3 Model inter-comparison of predicted ash considering aviation regulation aspects -- 3.4 Evaluation of WRF-Chem simulations with observations -- 3.4.1. Comparison of volcanic ash and SO₂ with satellite data -- 3.4.2 Comparison with ground-based observations -- 3.4.2.1 Lidar profiles at selected stations -- 3.4.2.2 Comparison with PM10 observations at selected ground stations -- 3.5. Conclusions -- 3.6 Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- Appendix -- References. Chapter 4: A volcanic-hazard demonstration exercise to assess and mitigate the impacts of volcanic ash clouds on civil and military aviation -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 International exercises -- 4.3 Overview of the EUNADICS-AV demonstration exercise set-up -- 4.3.1 General approach -- 4.3.1.1 The volcanic-eruption scenario -- 4.3.1.2 Data sharing and visualization -- 4.4 Data sets used for the demonstration exercise -- 4.4.1 Artificial observations -- 4.4.1.1 Simulations of the artificial plume evolution -- 4.4.1.2 Generation of artificial observations from SILAM simulations -- 4.4.2 The early-warning system (EWS) -- 4.4.2.1 Volcano observatory, Sicily -- 4.4.2.2 Synthetic ACTRIS EARLINET data -- 4.4.2.3 Synthetic satellite data simulated for IASI and MODIS -- 4.4.3 Model ensemble -- 4.5 The impact of the ash cloud on aviation for the Etna eruption scenario -- 4.5.1 Air navigation service provider -- 4.5.2 Austrian Armed Forces (AAF) -- 4.5.3 Rerouting of flights -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 4.7 Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- References. Chapter 5: Dissertation Summary and Conclusions -- 5.1 Extension and evaluation of the WRF-Chem model -- 5.2 Future perspectives -- References
The Marquis of Santa Cruz de Marcenado : culture, milices and social networks
No full textÁlvaro Navia Osorio y Vigil (1684-1732), troisième marquis de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, a mené tout au long de sa vie une intense activité militaire, diplomatique et littéraire. Militaire du côté des Bourbons dans la guerre de Succession d'Espagne et ambassadeur officieux à la cour de Victor Amadeus II à Turin, il a écrit là-bas la plupart de son œuvre la plus importante, les Réflexions militaires (1724-1730). Largement diffusé dans toute l'Europe du XVIIIe siècle et traduit en cinq autres langues, son dernier volume a été publié à Paris, l'auteur ayant déjà été l'un des plénipotentiaires espagnols au Congrès de Soissons. Après avoir repris le service militaire en Afrique du Nord, Marcenado meurt en défendant la ville d'Oran, laissant derrière lui l'héritage de tous ses écrits, dont la Rhapsodie politique-économique-monarchique (1732) et un projet tronqué de Dictionnaire universel antérieur à l'Encyclopédie française.Cette thèse propose une étude de Marcenado en analysant ses relations dans les sphères militaire, diplomatique et intellectuelle, ainsi que l'originalité de ses idées par rapport à des auteurs similaires. Une étude conjointe des sources primaires et secondaires, mais surtout de la correspondance internationale dans le contexte de Soissons, a permis d'analyser les réseaux autour du personnage. La variété des environnements et des contextes qui l'entourent, a permis aussi de reconstituer des réseaux très complexes.En ce qui concerne son œuvre, la thèse propose non seulement une étude approfondie de tous ses projets, mais aussi une analyse comparative de ceux-ci avec des œuvres similaires. En ce sens, l'objectif est de favoriser une perspective objective des écrits de Marcenado, en s'éloignant des tendances propagandistes de nombreux auteurs à cet égard. Dans ce contexte, les Réflexions militaires se distinguent non seulement comme son œuvre la plus complexe mais aussi, à certains égards, comme la plus originale et celle qui apporte le plus de contributions à son genre, celui des traités militaires. La Rhapsodie et ses projets de dictionnaires, bien qu'éloignés de sa profession et moins réussis, ne sont pas non plus sans valeur, et sont comparés à d'autres projets similaires, mais aussi analysés comme des entités à part entière.De cette façon, avec ses propres analyses, mais aussi en tenant compte de la trajectoire historique de la considération autour de Marcenado, cette thèse aspire à être impartiale avec le marquis. Ses activités militaires, littéraires et diplomatiques seront présentées avec leur propre valeur, justifiées ou modérées si nécessaire, dans leurs propres contextes. Ce n'est qu'après avoir pu examiner en profondeur toutes ces facettes de Marcenado qu'il est possible de chercher à analyser la projection historique du personnage dans les siècles qui ont suivi sa mort.Le contexte fourni précédemment concernant sa vie, son travail et ses services à la Couronne permet à ce stade de prendre conscience de la manière dont l'héritage de Marcenado perd de sa force ou est exalté au fil des ans, en fonction de l'évolution historique et des intérêts politico-idéologiques qui entourent sa mémoire. L'analyse historiographique de la littérature et des commémorations entourant le marquis est particulièrement intéressante dans le cadre d'événements aussi importants que les célébrations du deuxième ou troisième centenaire de sa naissance.C'est lors de ces événements que l'on peut apprécier l'intérêt particulier de l'establishment militaire à élever la figure de Marcenado comme un symbole qui allie intellectualité, valeurs militaires et service à la patrie. Cependant, au-delà des exaltations patriotiques et de ce pseudo-monopole du personnage par les militaires, une étude plus critique est possible. Conformément aux objectifs de la thèse, plus récemment, au sein de la sphère académique, y compris internationale, d'autres analyses plus mesurées ont également été prodiguées sur Marcenado et ses contributions.Álvaro Navia Osorio y Vigil (1684-1732), third Marquis of Santa Cruz de Marcenado, carried out an intense military, diplomatic and literary activity throughout his life. A military man on the Bourbon side in the War of the Spanish Succession and unofficial ambassador to the court of Victor Amadeus II in Turin, he wrote most of his most important work, the Military Reflections (1724-1730). Widely distributed throughout 18th-century Europe and translated into five other languages, his last volume was published in Paris, the author having already served as one of the Spanish plenipotentiaries at the Congress of Soissons. After returning to military service in North Africa, Marcenado died defending the city of Oran, leaving behind him the legacy of all his writings, including the Rhapsody political-economic-monarchical (1732) and a truncated project for a Universal Dictionary prior to the Encyclopédie française.This thesis proposes a study of Marcenado by analysing his relationships in the military, diplomatic and intellectual spheres, as well as the originality of his ideas with respect to similar writers. A joint study of primary and secondary sources, but especially of correspondence within the context of Soissons, has made it possible to analyse the networks around the character. The variety of environments and contexts around him, with information from international sources, has made it possible to reconstruct some highly complex networks.Regarding his work, the thesis proposes not only an in-depth study of all his projects, but also a comparative analysis of those with similar works. In this sense, the aim is to favour an objective perspective of Marcenado's writings, moving away from the propagandistic tendencies of many authors in this respect. Within this context, the Military Reflections stand out not only as his most complex work but also, in certain senses, as the most original and with the most contributions to its genre, that of military treatises. The Rhapsody and his dictionary projects, although far removed from his profession and less successful, are not without value either, or are equally compared with other similar projects, but also analysed as entities in their own right.In this way, with its own analyses, but also considering the historical trajectory of consideration around Marcenado, this thesis aspires to be even-handed with the Marquis. His military, literary and diplomatic activities will be presented with their own value, vindicated, or moderated, when necessary, within their own contexts. Only after having been able to examine in depth all these facets of Marcenado, it is possible to seek to analyse the historical projection of the character in the centuries after his death.The context previously provided with respect to his life, work and service to the Crown makes it possible at this point to be aware of how Marcenado's legacy loses strength or is extolled over the years, depending on the historical evolution and the political-ideological interests surrounding his memory. The historiographical analysis of the literature and commemorations surrounding the Marquis are particularly interesting in events as important as the celebrations of the second or third centenary of his birth.It is during these events that the special interest of the military establishment in raising the figure of Marcenado as a symbol that combines intellectuality, military values and service to the fatherland can be appreciated. However, beyond patriotic exaltations and this pseudo-monopoly of the character by the military, a more critical study is possible. In line with the aims of the thesis, more recently, within the academic sphere, including the international one, other more measured analyses have also been lavished on Marcenado and his contributions.: Álvaro Navia Osorio y Vigil (1684-1732), tercer marqués de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, desarrolló alo largo de su vida una intensa actividad militar, diplomática y literaria. Militar del bando borbónico en laGuerra de Sucesión española y embajador oficioso en la corte de Víctor Amadeo II en Turín, escribió la mayorparte de su obra más importante, las Reflexiones militares (1724-1730). Ampliamente difundidas por toda laEuropa del siglo XVIII y traducidas a otras cinco lenguas, su último volumen se publicó en París, habiendo sidoya sul autor uno de los plenipotenciarios españoles en el Congreso de Soissons. Tras volver al servicio militaren el norte de África, Marcenado murió defendiendo la ciudad de Orán, dejando tras de sí el legado de todossus escritos, entre ellos la Rapsodia político-económico-monárquica (1732) y un proyecto truncado deDiccionario Universal anterior a la Encyclopédie française.En cuanto a su obra, la tesis propone no sólo un estudio en profundidad de todos sus proyectos, sinotambién un análisis comparativo de los mismos con obras similares. En este sentido, se pretende favoreceruna perspectiva objetiva de los escritos de Marcenado, alejándose de las tendencias propagandísticas demuchos autores al respecto. En este contexto, las Reflexiones militares destacan no sólo como su obra máscompleja sino también, en ciertos sentidos, como la más original y con más aportaciones a su género, el delos tratados militares. La Rapsodia y sus proyectos de diccionario, aunque alejados de su profesión y menoslogrados, tampoco carecen de valor, y se comparan igualmente con otros proyectos similares, pero tambiénse analizan como entidades por derecho propio.De este modo, con sus propios análisis, pero considerando también la trayectoria histórica de consideraciónen torno a Marcenado, esta tesis aspira a ser ecuánime con el marqués. Sus actividades militares, literarias ydiplomáticas serán presentadas con valor propio, reivindicadas o moderadas, cuando sea necesario, dentro desus propios contextos. Sólo tras haber podido examinar en profundidad todas estas facetas de Marcenado, esposible tratar de analizar la proyección histórica del personaje en los siglos posteriores a su muerte.El contexto anteriormente aportado respecto a su vida, obra y servicio a la Corona permite en este punto serconscientes de cómo el legado de Marcenado pierde fuerza o se ensalza con el paso de los años, en funciónde la evolución histórica y los intereses político-ideológicos que rodean su memoria. El análisis historiográficode la literatura y las conmemoraciones en torno al marqués resultan especialmente interesantes enacontecimientos tan relevantes como las celebraciones del segundo o tercer centenario de su nacimiento.En estas efemérides se aprecia el especial interés del estamento militar por enarbolar la figura de Marcenadocomo símbolo que aúna intelectualidad, valores militares y servicio a la patria. Sin embargo, más allá de lasexaltaciones patrióticas y este pseudo-monopolio del personaje por parte de los militares, es posible unestudio más crítico. En consonancia con los objetivos de la tesis, más recientemente, en el ámbito académicointernacional también se han prodigado otros análisis más mesurados sobre Marcenado y sus aportacione
Инновационные методы обучения английскому языку взрослых
No full textThe article is devoted to description of innovative methods to adults. Innovative methods and
technologies of teaching today are gaining increasing recognition and new opportunities associated
with the establishment of interpersonal interaction. The author pays attention to choices of methods
which should vary with different purposes, ages groups, and stages of mental development. A structure
of modern process of teaching and its results is presented by the author. Some of the common learning
characteristics of adult language and literacy learners as well as four guiding principles to teaching
adults foreign languages are given in the article. In accordance with the selected characteristics
and guiding principles the author considers it necessary to use some of innovative methods for
teaching adults. Among them there are such methods as: method of direct instruction (J. Wiechmann
and J. Grell), method of electronic self-directed education (T.M. Balykhina), method of pedagogic
studio work (E.V. Nevmerzhitskaya), method of interdisciplinary projecting (S.E. Kaplina). The main
methodological characteristics of the methods are described in the article as wellСтатья посвящена описанию инновационных методов обучения взрослых. Сегодня
инновационные методы и технологии обучения завоевывают все большее признание и
открывают новые возможности, связанные с созданием межличностного взаимодействия.
Автор обращает внимание на выбор методов, которые должны варьироваться в зависимости
от цели обучения, возрастных групп и этапов психического развития. Структура современного
процесса обучения иностранным языкам взрослых и его результатов представлена автором.
Обращено внимание на некоторые общие характеристики обучения взрослых иностранному
языку, а также представлены четыре основополагающих принципа обучения взрослых
иностранному языку. В соответствии с выбранными характеристиками и принципами
автор считает необходимым использовать некоторые из инновационных методов обучения
взрослых. Среди них представлены такие методы, как: метод непосредственной инструкции
(Дж. Вихман и Дж. Грелл), метод электронного самонаправляемого обучения (Т.М. Балыхина),
метод работы педагогической мастерской (Е.В. Невмержицкая), метод междисциплинарного
проектирования (С.Е. Каплина). Основные методологические характеристики методов также
описываются в стать
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