55,892 research outputs found
Photosynthetic light response of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade.
No full textGramíneas forrageiras em pastagens tropicais podem sofrer reduções consideráveis na disponibilidade diária e anual de luz. Com o objetivo de avaliar a comportamento fisiológico das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e B. humidicola ao sombreamento, as respostas fotossintéticas e os teores de clorofila dessas espécies foram comparados em plantas cultivadas em solo natural, em vasos, a pleno sol e a 70 % de interceptação da luz solar, durante um período de 30 dias. Ambas as espécies mostraram-se capazes de ajustar o comportamento fotossintético ao sombreamento. A capacidade fotossintética e o ponto de compensação de luz foram menores nas plantas sombreadas de ambas as espécies, enquanto que a eficiência quântica aparente não foi significativamente afetada pelo regime de luz. A respiração no escuro e a razão clorofila a:b foram significativamente reduzidas pelo sombreamento somente em B. humidicola. B. humidicola poderia ser considerada relativamente mais adaptada à ambientes sujeitos a redução temporária na disponibilidade de luz
O passado, o presente e o futuro da pesquisa com pecuária de corte no Estado do Pará.
No full textEditores técnicos: Alexandre Rossetto Garcia, Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho, René Poccard-Chapuis
Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas
No full textKey to Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. and its related genera 1. Male FWs partly coriaceous, developed, overlapped, much longer than pronotum; dorsal field of left FW membranous; stridulatory file present; ventral face of FWs densely pilose, glandular. Pseudepiphallic arms dorsally visible, lateral, with pointed apex; pseudepiphallic parameres enlarged (almost as wide as long, in ventral view), auriform... Guabamima de Mello, 1992 - Male FWs coriaceous, reduced, smaller, not totally overlapped; left FW as coriaceous as the right one; stridulatory file absent; ventral face of FWs with weak pilosity. Pseudepiphallic arms not visible in dorsal view, small, ventrally-oriented; pseudepiphallic parameres elongated (longer than wide, in ventral view) and not auriform................................. 2 2. Male FWs triangular, glabrous; right and left FW partly overlapped; distal half of FWs yellowish. Pseudepiphallic parameres 2 elongated, laterally narrow with distal horn-like projections; phallic vesicles absent...... Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010 - Male FWs rounded, slightly pubescent; FWs not overlapped; FWs distal half and border blackish. Pseudepiphallic parameres 2 elongated, laterally enlarged and lightly or heavily upward projected; phallic vesicles present.................................................................................... Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen.Published as part of Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B., Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure & Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro, 2015, Pizacris: a new genus and two new species of Luzarinae cricket close to Guabamima de Mello, 1992 and Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Luzarinae), pp. 374-388 in Zootaxa 3956 (3) on page 386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23860
Marcgraviella muriciensis Souza-Dias, n. sp.
No full textMarcgraviella muriciensis Souza-Dias, n. sp. Figures 1–3 Type locality. Brazil, Alagoas State, Murici municipality. Estação Ecológica de Murici. Type material: Holotype: Brazil, Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici, Mata das Bananeiras, 1 male, 26–29.vii. 2012, Souza-Dias, P.G.B., Costa, C.S., Alcantara, D.M. and Nihei, S.S. coll. (MZSP) Allotype: same data as the holotype (MZSP). Paratypes. 4 females. Brazil, Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici, Mata da UFAL – Estação Serra do Ouro, 2 females, 26–29.vii. 2012, Souza-Dias, P.G.B., Costa, C.S., Alcantara, D.M. and Nihei, S.S. coll.; same collectors as the holotype, Brazil, Alagoas, Satuba. Área de Proteção Ambiental do Catolé, 1 female, 25.vii. 2012; same data as the holotype, 1 female (MZSP). Other specimens examined: Same collectors and dates as the holotype: Brazil, Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici, Mata da UFAL – Estação Serra do Ouro, 2 females; same data as the holotype, 4 juveniles; same collectors as the holotype, Brazil, Alagoas, Satuba, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Catolé, 2 juveniles, 25.vii. 2012 (MZSP). Etymology. Specific epithet refers to Murici, type locality of this species. Diagnosis. Within the genus, M. muriciensis Souza-Dias, n. sp. can be recognized by the following characters: male FWs reaching the fifth tergite, dorsal venation inconspicuous, stridulatory file with 17 teeth; male genitalia: pseudepiphallic parameres well developed, almost vertical, formed by two membranous lobes and partially scletorized. Female with short, not overlapping FWs; copulatory papilla as on Fig. 3 C–E; ovipositor shorter than FIII. Description. In addition to the characters of the genus: Head: Occiput medium brown, with bristles (Fig. 1 C). Vertex and fastigium light brown with thick bristles, mainly on its median part (Figs. 1 A, C). Eyes with unpigmented area on supero-internal margin (Fig. 1 C, F). Antennal scape medium brown (Figs. 1 A–C). Antenomeres medium to dark brown, with interspersed light brown antenomeres; generally few lighter and several darker ones. Fastigium longer than wide, below vertex level (Figs. 1 C, D, E). Head dorsum with a wide ivory band between the eyes, surrounding the lateral ocellus, circling the eyes, and reaching the mandible from the distal part of the lower angle of the eyes (Figs, 1 D–F). Mandible dark brown with medium brown spots (Figs, 1 D, E). In frontal view, frons with a light brown stripe between two dark brown bands; presence of a light brown band going from the basis of each antennal scape to the clypeus. Clypeus light brown on a dark brown background. Labrum light brown. Maxillary palpi light brown; distal portion of fifth joint light brown, its apex whitish (Figs. 1 E, F). Thorax: Disk of pronotum with several sparse, small dark spots on a medium brown background, darkening towards lateral borders; presence of hard bristles, mainly on cephalic margin (Figs. 1 A, C). Cephalic margin almost straight; caudal margin slightly convex (Figs. 1 A, C). Lateral lobes dark brown. Legs: Legs I and II light brown. Femur II light brown on its proximal part to medium brown on distal part; tibia II medium brown. Proximal part of inner face of posterior femur whitish to brown towards the distal part. Posterior legs very elongated, twice longer than the body length. Posterior femur thin and elongated, the ventral portion whitish and the dorsum light brown on outer face (Fig. 1 N). Posterior tibia medium brown, serrulated (Fig. 1 O). Subapical spurs: four subapical spurs on each face, the distal one smaller on both faces; on inner face, distal spur located near the upper apical spur. Apical spurs more developed on inner face; inner and outer apical spurs: median one longer, dorsal sub-equal in length, ventral one smaller (2> 3> 1) on both faces (Fig. 1 O). Basitarsus elongated, bearing a double file of spines and two apical spurs, same color as tibia. Abdomen: Abdomen medium brown, whitish in the area below tegmina (Fig. 1 A). Sternites dark brown. Cerci medium brown. Supra anal plate shield-shaped; anterior margin slightly concave, lateral ones constricted on median portion and posterior one rounded (Fig. 1 H). Subgenital plate wider than long, medium to dark brown; anterior margin concave and posterior one rounded with a bilobate apex (Fig. 1 J). Male. Tegmina not coriaceous, thin, reaching the fifth tergite; dorsal venation inconspicuous (Fig. 2 D); stridulatory file with 17 teeth; no other specialized areas are present in the right wing; left wing membranous, semitransparent. Male genitalia. Bearing phallic glands within the pseudepiphallic sclerite (Figs. 2 B, 3 B). Pseudepiphallic sclerite garnished with two dorsal tubular pseudepiphallic arms, with an apical opening duct; its distal half curving towards the apical part of the phallic complex and its apex pointed, without teeth (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 A–B). Pseudepiphallic arms opposite, crossing each other in the median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite (Figs. 2 A, 3 A). Pseudepiphallic parameres well developed, almost vertical, developing two membranous lobes (basal concave and apical elongated) and partially sclerotized: the sclerotization limited to borders (in dorsal view) and ventral part of the parameres (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 A–B). Endophallic sclerite located deep in a median ventral slit, with low sclerotization and extending until the basis of the pseudepiphallic parameres (Fig. 2 B). Endophallic sclerite with a wide sclerotized lateral projection, forming the wall of the slit and separating the endophallic sclerite from the membranous and glandular area of the phallic complex (Fig. 3 B). Female: Larger than male (Fig. 1 B). Dorsum of the head and disk of pronotum covered by pilosity and bristles (Figs. 1 B, F). General coloration darker than male, mainly the head and disk of pronotum (Figs. 1 B, F); all legs darker than male’s legs, banded with light brown and medium brown stripes (Fig. 1 B). Abdomen pilose, medium to dark brown (Fig. 1 B). Tegmina very reduced, vestigial. Supra anal plate same as male (Fig. 1 I). Subgenital plate small, posterior margin bilobate (Fig. 1 K). Ovipositor as in Figs. L, M. Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla drop-shaped, sclerotized, as in Fig. 3 C–E. Measurements (in mm). Male (n= 1): BL, 10.15; Hw, 2.9; iod, 1.5; Lpron, 1.2; awpron, 2.4; pwpron, 2.8; LFW, 5.9; wFW, 3.4; LFIII, 13.8; wFIII, 2.38; LTIII, 17.3; wTIII, 0.4; LtarsI-III, 5.39. Females (n= 6): BL, 16.97 (16.34 – 18.41); Hw, 3.69 (3.35 – 4.15); iod, 1.71 (1.3 – 1.9); Lpron, 2.28 (1.9 – 2.6); awpron, 3.16 (2.4 – 3.6); pwpron, 4.14 (3.5 – 4.8); LFIII, 17.5 (13.96 – 19.84); wFIII, 3.57 (2.3 – 4.36); LTIII, 18.79 (15.39 – 22.85); LtarsI-III, 5.42 (4.44 – 6.66); OL, 15.71 (13.17 – 17.4). Acoustic behaviour. Not documented. Habitat. Marcgraviella muriciensis Souza-Dias, n. sp. has been collected at night in leaf litter and the specimens were observed next to small cavities at ground level.Published as part of Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B. & Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, 2014, A new genus and two new species of Luzarinae cricket from the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), pp. 498-512 in Zootaxa 3872 (5) on pages 502-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23050
Sishiniheia de Mello & Souza-Dias, n. gen.
No full textSishiniheia de Mello & Souza-Dias n. gen. Etymology. Taxon named after Brazilian entomologist Silvio Shigueo Nihei. Type species. Sishiniheia diamantina de Mello & Souza-Dias, n. sp. Diagnosis. Head and pronotum with few bristles. Metanotum with glandular area composed of two rounded, whitish humps. Male FWs coriaceous, glabrous, somewhat reduced, internal margins of left and right ones touching but not overlapping, distal margins round, bearing a conspicuous yellowish border (Figs. 1 A–C), stridulatory file or any specialized veins or areas for sound production and propagation absent; thick longitudinal venation present, perpendicular veinlets weak; glandular thickening under posterior margins absent; hind wings absent. Male genitalia. Ventral projection of the pseudepiphallus present, almost reaching the PsP 1; pseudepiphallic arms thin, the apex pointed and curved inwards; rami elongated; PsP 2 located between the pseudepiphallic arms, highly sclerotized, large and conspicuous, with two projections curved inwards, resembling a “C”. Female. Larger and more robust than male; FW’s even more reduced than those of male. Description. Occiput and vertex without bristles (Fig. 1 B). Fastigium below vertex level, wider than long, slightly narrowed toward the apex, and narrower than scape (Figs. 1 B, D, E).Maxillary palpi dark brown, thin, long, specially joints 3 to 5; apical third of joint 5 curved, the apex whitish (Figs. 1 D, E, H); antenomeres medium brown, with interspersed light brown antenomeres. Three large, circular ocelli present (Figs. 1 D, E, H). Dorsal disk of pronotum wider than long (Figs. 1 B, E), its cephalic and caudal margins sub-straight (Fig. 1 B); ventro-cephalic angle of lateral lobes rounded, ventro-caudal margin gradually ascendant (Fig. 1 E). TIII sub-apical spurs 4 / 4, with serrulation between and above them; apical spurs 3 / 3, more developed on inner face; inner apical spurs: dorsal one the longest (iad), median slightly shorter (iam), ventral the smallest (iav) (iad>iam>iav); outer apical spurs: dorsal one the longest (oad), median slightly shorter (oam), ventral the smallest (oav) (oad>oam>oav). Male. Metanotum with glandular area composed of two rounded projections (Figs. 1 F, G; 4 A–D); metanotal structures: a pair of projections, and a pair of fossae (Figs. 4 A–D). Male FWs coriaceous, glabrous, reduced, without stridulatory file or specialized veins for sound production (Figs. 1 A, B, E); longitudinal venation thick, perpendicular venation weak (Figs. 1 B, E); glandular thickening absent. Hind wings absent. Supra-anal plate as in Fig. 1 K; shield-shaped. Subgenital plate pubescent, concave, posterior margin as in Fig. 1 L. Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite transverse; pseudepiphallic sclerite constricted on its median part, with a small apodeme (Figs. 2 A, 3 A); pseudepiphallic arms thin, with pointed apex, its distal half curved inwards (Figs. 2 A–C, 3 A–D). Pseudepiphallic ventral projection present, weak sclerotized, almost reaching the small PsP 1, and linked to it by a membrane (Figs. 2 B, C, 3 B, C). Rami elongated, not directly connected to the pseudepiphallic sclerite, longer than the pseudepiphallic arms and ectophallic apodeme (Figs. A–B, 3 A–B). Pseudepiphallic parameres 2 (PsP 2) located between the pseudepiphallic arms, well developed, and highly sclerotized (Figs. 2 A–B, 3 A–C); PsP 2 with two projections curved inwards, resembling a “C” (Figs. 2 A, C). Pseudepiphallic parameres 1 (PsP 1) small, linked to the pseudepiphallic ventral projection by a membrane (Figs. 2 B, 3 B). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodemes short (Figs. 2 A, 3 A); ectophallic arc straight, located right below the median part of the pseudepiphallic sclerite, in dorsal view (Figs. 2 A, 3 A); dorsal projections of the ectophallic invagination absent; ventral projections of the ectophallic invagination longer than the ectophallic apodemes (Figs. 2 B, 3 B); ectophallic fold completely membranous. Endophallus: endophallic sclerite and apodeme up-curved (Fig. 2 A–C, 3 A–C), bearing a small endophallic crest; pair of lamellar apodemes very reduced in comparison to those of related genera (see below) (Figs. 2 B, C). Female. Larger than male; general coloration medium brown, marbled (Fig 1 C). Female FWs similar to those of male but even more reduced, also with thick longitudinal venation, internal margins of left and right wings not touching each other (Fig. 1 C). Subgenital plate short, distal margin bilobate (Fig. 1 J). Supra-anal as in Fig. 1 I, its distal margin rounded. Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla longer than wide, apex and basis rounded as in Figs. 2 D–F. Systematic relationships. Sishiniheia n. gen. was compared to Guabamima de Mello, 1992, Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010, and Pizacris Souza-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2015. All these genera share similar morphological characters, mainly regarding male genitalia, as the great development of the PsP 2, and the elongated rami. In Guabamima and Sishiniheia n. gen. the pseudepiphallic arms are lateral, pointed, not tubular; in Pizacris and Mellopsis, the pseudepiphallic arms are ventrally-oriented. The phylogenetic relationships among these genera, however, are unknown; a cladistic analysis of Neotropical Luzarinae, with the inclusion of Sishiniheia n. gen., are being performed. For more information about the male genitalia of these genera see Souza-Dias et al. (2015).Published as part of Souza Dias, Pedro G. B., Mello, Francisco De Assis Ganeo De & Vieira, Lelisberto Baldo, 2016, A new genus and species of cricket from the Chapada Diamantina National Park, northeastern Brazil (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae; Luzarinae), pp. 258-266 in Zootaxa 4121 (3) on page 260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25743
Coelinius itamonte Souza-Gessner & Penteado-Dias 2019
No full text<i>Coelinius itamonte</i> Souza-Gessner & Penteado-Dias, 2019 <p>Figures 12–14.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <i>Holotype</i>: female (DCBU 209792), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Serra da Mantiqueira, 22°22’25”S, 44°48’41”W, alt. 2149 m, Malaise trap, 10.XII.2015, A. S. Soares and L. A. M. Soares cols. <i>Paratypes</i>: 8 females (DCBU 209791, DCBU 194314, DCBU 194309, DCBU 194311, DCBU 194308, DCBU 194306, DCBU 194315, DCBU 194313) and 3 males (DBCU 194310, DCBU 194312, DCBU 209790) same data as holotype; 3 females (DCBU 209789, DCBU 209118, DCBU 209119) and 1 male (DCBU 194307) same data as holotype, except 25.X.2015.</p> <p> <b>Variations and additional information to the original description</b>. Female. Hind wing length: 2.4–2.9 mm.</p> <p> <b>Head</b>. In dorsal view, distinctly transverse, 1.2–1.4× as wide as long (Fig. 12), 1.1–1.15× as wide as eye, 1.4× as wide as mesosoma, 1.1–1.3× as wide as long (length of head in lateral view). Shortest distance from occiput to stemmaticum 1.6–1.9× stemmaticum height. Shortest distance from between outer margin of lateral ocellus and margin of eye 1.25–1.5× stemmaticum width. In lateral view, head 1.2–1.35× as long as high (Fig. 13); temple 1.3–1.7× as long as eye. Eye 0.7–0.9× as long as high. Mandible 2.2–2.4× as long as apical width (Fig. 14). Face 1.6–2.2× as wide as high, 1.1–1.5× as wide as clypeus, 1.8–2.4× as high as clypeus. Clypeus 2.5–3.3× as wide as high. Paraclypeal fovea minute, occupying 0.4× of the distance from lateral margin of clypeus to eye. Maxillary palp 0.6–0.8× as long as head; third segment 1.25–1.8× as long as fourth. First flagellomere 3.5–4.35× as long as wide, 1.2–1.5× as long as second flagellomere. Second flagellomere 2.9–3.5× as long as wide. Third flagellomere 2.3–2.8× as long as wide. Tenth flagellomere 1.4–1.7× as long as wide.</p> <p> <b>Mesosoma.</b> 2.3–2.7× as long as head (lateral view). Mesoscutum 0.8–0.85× as wide as long.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Hind femur 3.9–4.25× as long as wide. Hind tibia 9.5–10.9× as long as its maximum subapical width, 0.9–1.0× as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 2.0–2.4× as long as second segment.</p> <p> <b>Fore wing</b>. 0.6× as long as body. Vein 1-SR+M 0.9–1.0× as long as 2-SR; 2-SR+M 0.2–0.3× as long 2-SR. First subdiscal cell open (CU1b absent); vein cu-a postfurcal, 1.2–1.6× as long as 1-CU1; 2-CU1 0.8–1.05× m-cu.</p> <p> <b>Hind wing.</b> With three hamuli, 5.1–6.05× as long as wide. Vein 1-M 0.7–0.9× as long as M+CU, 2.8–3.3× as long as 1r-m. Subbasal cell closed. Vein m-cu occasionally present (when present, short and spectral); SR and 2-M heavily pigmented but not tubular.</p> <p> <b>Metasoma.</b> 1.3–1.4× as long as head plus mesosoma length. First metasomal tergite with apex 1.7–1.8× as wide as base; dorsope present.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. Shortest distance from occiput to stemmaticum 1.5–1.8× stemmaticum height. Shortest distance from between outer margin of lateral ocellus and margin of eye 1.2–1.35× stemmaticum width. Paraclypeal fovea occupying 0.5× of the distance from lateral margin of clypeus to eye. Face 2.0–2.4× as wide as high. Second flagellomere 2.8–3.2× as long as wide. Tenth flagellomere 1.7–2.0× as long as wide. Fore wing with vein 1-SR+M 1.0–1.1× as long as 2-SR. Hind wing with vein 1-M 0.6–0.85× as long as M+CU, 2.85–4.0× as long as 1r-m. Metasoma 1.45–1.5× as long as head plus mesosoma length.</p>Published as part of <i>Oliveira, Franciélle Dias De & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2022, New species of Coelinius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) from Brazil, pp. 199-210 in Zootaxa 5129 (2)</i> on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6500705">http://zenodo.org/record/6500705</a>
Root and shoot growth in response to soil drying in four Amazonian weed species.
No full textA profundidade máxima e perfil de distribuição vertical das raízes e os padrões de alocação de biomassa foram medidos nas espécies invasoras Ipomoea asarifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Solanum crinitum e Vismia guianensis, cultivadas em colunas de solo com e sem irrigação, em casa de vegetação. 0 objetivo foi determiner se estas espécies apresentam respostas ao secamento do solo que podem ser caracterizadas como uma forma de aclimatação ao déficit hidrico. Inicialmente, todas as plantas foram cultivadas sem déficit hidrico por 21 dias. Após esse periodo, dois regimes de irrigação foram estabelecidos por um período adicional de 21 dias. Urn grupo de plantas era irrigado diariamente; outro grupo não recebia irrigação. A profundidade das raízes não foi significativamente afetada pelos tratarnentos em nenhuma das espécies. No entanto, o estresse hidrico aumentou significativamente a relação raíz/parte aérea em Ipomoea e Stachytarpheta e alterou o perfil da distribuição radicular em todas as espécies. De um modo geral, as plantas irrigadas maximizaram o desenvolvimento radicular nas camadas mais rasas do solo, enquanto que o oposto foi observado nas plantas não irrigadas. Estes resultados são discutidos com relação ao, seu significado ecológico para a Amazônia Brasileira
R. W. M. Dias et B. S. Markesinis, Tort law
No full textR. W. M. Dias et B. S. Markesinis, Tort law. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 37 N°1, Janvier-mars 1985. p. 246
Uma metáfora do Brasil: o Bem Amado e a teledramaturgia de Dias Gomes
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política.O Objetivo deste trabalho consiste em procurar analisar a rede de signos e símbolos, presente no pensamento social de Dias Gomes, acerca do tema da identidade nacional, detendo-se, principalmente, na análise de sua telenovela O Bem-Amado. Na história da teledramaturgia brasileira, o folhetim é paradigmático, por representar o momento de incorporação de temas relacionados à cultura brasileira. Concomitante a esse retrato do Brasil que as telenovelas passam a veicular, a partir do final da década de 60 e início da década de 70, observamos o progressivo crescimento da Rede Globo e sua consolidação enquanto rede de abrangência nacional e importante veículo de integração nacional
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