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No full textIncoherence between Polish Old-Age Pension System and Disability Pension System
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to analyze the incoherence between the old-age pension system and disability pension system in Poland. The article consists of a preface, four sections and summary. The first two sections include description of rules and characteristic features of the pension systems. The article focuses on the factors which affect the calculation of the amount of disability and old-age pensions. The third section presents two theoretical models, which show how the amount of the disability pension depends on earnings and job seniority, and then compares relative amount of the disability pension with a replacement rate existing in old-age pension system. The conclusion is that rules for calculating the amount of the disability pensions are much more favorable. In the last section, the author presents proposals which, in his opinion, may reduce differences between the two systems and make the existing mechanisms fairer.Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie problemu niespójności systemu rentowego i emerytalnego w Polsce pod względem wysokości otrzymywanych świadczeń. Artykuł składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej scharakteryzowano system rentowy, koncentrując się na sposobie ustalania wysokości świadczeń. Następnie przedstawiono ewolucję systemu emerytalnego, zwracając uwagę na zmiany wynikające z reformy wprowadzonej w 1999 roku. W trzeciej części przeprowadzono dwie symulacje kształtowania się relacji świadczenia rentowego do wynagrodzenia, uwzględniając zarobki oraz staż pracy ubezpieczonego. Otrzymane wyniki porównano ze stopami zastąpienia osiąganymi w systemie emerytalnym. Podkreślono fakt, że zasady ustalania wysokości świadczeń w systemie rentowym są znacznie korzystniejsze. W ostatniej części przedstawiono propozycje zmian systemowych prowadzące do zwiększenia spójności obu systemów i zredukowania relatywnych różnic w wysokości otrzymywanych świadczeń
Konwergencja w krajach byłego Związku Radzieckiego w okresie 1990–2010 rr.
Get PDFBłoch W. Convergence in the countries of the former Soviet Union in the period 1990–2010
What drives the savings rate in middle-income countries?
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence the savings rate in middle-income countries and to compare the results with other studies devoted to different subgroups of countries. Among the potential determinants of savings the study considers: demography, income level, financial sector, international trade, inflation and the structure of the economy. The research sample is confined to 44 middle-income countries and covers the period between 2000 and 2019. Six model specifications are constructed using three different estimators: FE, FGLS and PCSE. In the next step the same models are estimated using alternative dependent variables. Results suggest that industrial share in GDP has a positive impact on the savings rate. On the other hand a negative relationship was diagnosed between the savings and unemployment rates, the share of labour compensation in GDP, military expenditure, inflation and the young dependency ratio
Convergence in Former Soviet Union Countries over the Period 1991–2010
No full textNiniejszy artykuł weryfikuje hipotezę konwergencji w grupie 15 państw byłego Związku Radzieckiego. W pierwszej części artykułu wyszczególniono i scharakteryzowano różne typy konwergencji, przede wszystkim typu β i σ, które zostały poddane weryfikacji empirycznej w dalszej części artykułu. Następnie dokonano przeglądu dotychczasowych badań, zaprezentowano zastosowaną metodologię i próbę badawczą oraz przedstawiono wyniki analizy regresji. Badanie przeprowadzono dla całego okresu 1991–2010 i z podziałem na kilka podokresów.The article verifies the convergence hypothesis within 15 former Soviet Union countries. The first part of the article lists and characterizes different types of convergence, focusing mainly on βand σ-convergence, which are verified in the next part of the text. Next, there is an overview of the current state of research, a description of the research methodology and research sample, together with a presentation of the analysis results. The analysis was conducted for the whole period of 1991–2010, and with a division into subperiods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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