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POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY
No full text The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese people more likely to combine more than two or three strategies in refusing requests. In the interaction between strangers, Ambonese people tend to use positive politeness strategy such as expressing gratitude which is combined by addressed form, reason and offer new solutions. In solidarity politeness system such as intimate relationship, Ambonese people tend to combine addressed form, reason, promise, joke or offer new solution as sub-strategies of positive politeness strategy. In hierarchical politeness system, Ambonese people tend to use negative politeness strategy such as apology, give deference and be conventionally indirect.</jats:p
PERAN DAN KEDUDUKAN CAMAT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH MENURUT UNDANG- UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH
Full text linkThe main problem of this research is the Role and Position of sub-district heads in the administration of regional government according to law number 23 of 2014, The next problem is, how the role and position of sub-district heads in the administration of regional government according to law number 23 of 2014 and what factors influence leadership camat in carrying out its functions, duties, and authorities according to law number 23 of 2014. This research is a normative legal research that is prescriptive and technical or applied in nature. The research approach uses the law approach and case approach. The type of research data is secondary data with primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques such as literature study and data analysis techniques used are deductive. The results of this study explain that the Role and Position of the Camat in the administration of regional government according to Law Number 23 of 2014 is that the Sub-district is no longer a unit of governmental authority, but rather as a unit of work or service area. The status of the sub-district is now a district / city regional apparatus equivalent to regional offices and technical institutions and even kelurahans. The Camat accepts the delegation as the authority of the Regent / Mayor to handle it as a matter of regional autonomy (delegative authority), the Camat also carries out general governmental duties in accordance with Law No. 23 of 2014. (Attributive authority). Districts are formed as implementing the principle of decentralization.Pokok masalah penelitian ini adalah Peran dan Kedudukan camat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah menurut undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2014, Permasalahan tersebut selanjutnya,yaitubagaimana Peran dan Kedudukan camat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah menurut undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2014 dan Faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi kepemimpinan camat dalam pelaksanaan fungsi, tugas, dan wewenangnya menurut undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dan teknis atau terapan. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Jenis data penelitian adalah data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan bersifat deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Peran dan Kedudukan Camat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 yaitu Kecamatan tidak lagi merupakan satuan wilayah kekuasaan pemerintahan, melainkan sebagai satuan wilayah kerja atau pelayanan. Status kecamatan kini merupakan perangkat daerah kabupaten/kota yang setara dengan dinas dan lembaga teknis daerah bahkan kelurahan. Camat menerima pelimpahan sebagai wewenang Bupati/ Walikota untuk menangani sebagai urusan otonomi daerah (kewenangan delegatif), Camat juga melaksanakan tugas umum pemerintahan sesuai dengan UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2014. (Kewenangan atributif). Kecamatan di bentuk sebagai pelaksana asas desentralisasi
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY
No full text The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese people more likely to combine more than two or three strategies in refusing requests. In the interaction between strangers, Ambonese people tend to use positive politeness strategy such as expressing gratitude which is combined by addressed form, reason and offer new solutions. In solidarity politeness system such as intimate relationship, Ambonese people tend to combine addressed form, reason, promise, joke or offer new solution as sub-strategies of positive politeness strategy. In hierarchical politeness system, Ambonese people tend to use negative politeness strategy such as apology, give deference and be conventionally indirect.</jats:p
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY
No full text The study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese people more likely to combine more than two or three strategies in refusing requests. In the interaction between strangers, Ambonese people tend to use positive politeness strategy such as expressing gratitude which is combined by addressed form, reason and offer new solutions. In solidarity politeness system such as intimate relationship, Ambonese people tend to combine addressed form, reason, promise, joke or offer new solution as sub-strategies of positive politeness strategy. In hierarchical politeness system, Ambonese people tend to use negative politeness strategy such as apology, give deference and be conventionally indirect.</jats:p
BIOLOGI Spodoptera litura F Pada Kondisi Stres Pakan Buatan Di Laboratorium.
Full text linkBIOLOGI Spodoptera litura F Pada Kondisi Stres Pakan Buatan Di Laboratorium. Azwan (1), Tris Haris Ramadhan (2), Sri Rahayu (2) (1) Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian dan (2) Staf Pengajar Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak ABSTRAK Spodoptera litura Fabricius merupakan hama penting pada tanaman karena mempunyai kisaran inang yang luas. Larva S. litura yang mengakibatkan kerugian pada petani sehingga diperlukan pengkajian lebih mendalam tentang biologi serangga Spodoptera litura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui siklus hidup, nisbah seks (sex ratio), serta keperidian (fekunditas) serangga S. litura pada kondisi stres pemberian pakan buatan di Laboratorium. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama ±4 bulan di Laboratorium Hama Tanaman S. litura dipelihara dalam gelas plastik (kap es). Pakan yang digunakan ialah pakan yang berbahan Phaseolus vulgaris L. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen berupa rancangan acak lengkap 1 faktor yaitu terdiri dari 5 perlakuan pemberian pakan buatan dan 50 kali diulang. Hasil penelitian pada pakan buatan Phaseolus vulgaris L dengan jumlah yang berbeda menunjukkan kecenderungan semakin banyak pakan yang dimakan akan memperpendek masa hidup artinya dengan semakin tercukupinya pakan fase hidup serangga cenderung lebih cepat. Pada nisbah sex ratio keadaan makanan tercukupi maka perbandingan antara jantan dan betina akan seimbang, tetapi ketika makanan tidak tercukupi maka perbandingan kelamin pada keadaaan itu hampir seluruhnya terdiri atas serangga jantan. Fekunditas S. litura dipengaruhi faktor kuantitas makanan yang dikonsumsi serangga terhadap proses reproduksinya, semakin banyak jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsinya akan menghasilkan kelompok telur dan jumlah telur yang banyak. Rata rata berat larva menunjukkan masa hidup larva setiap instar yang tercukupi makanannya masa hidupnya semakin cepat. Kata kunci : Biologi, Pakan buatan, Phaseolus vulgaris L., S. litura. (1)Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian dan (2)Staf Pengajar Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tanjungpura Pontiana
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS TO REQUESTS BY AMBONESE COMMUNITY
Full text linkThe study aims to determine the politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests, and to determine the affects of social relationship towards politeness strategies of refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing requests. The data were taken from 25 respondents of Ambonese in Namlea sub-district, Buru Regency of Maluku Province by recording the conversations in any situation and taking note to remember every little thing that would be happened between the interlocutors. The analysis was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that Ambonese people more likely to combine more than two or three strategies in refusing requests. In the interaction between strangers, Ambonese people tend to use positive politeness strategy such as expressing gratitude which is combined by addressed form, reason and offer new solutions. In solidarity politeness system such as intimate relationship, Ambonese people tend to combine addressed form, reason, promise, joke or offer new solution as sub-strategies of positive politeness strategy. In hierarchical politeness system, Ambonese people tend to use negative politeness strategy such as apology, give deference and be conventionally indirect
THE STRATEGIES OF POLITENESS USED BY THE AMBONESE IN REFUSING INVITATIONS
Full text linkThe aims of this research is to determine the strategies of politeness refusal used by the Ambonese in refusing invitations, and to determine the effects of social relationship towards the strategies of politeness used by the Ambonese in refusing invitations, The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from direct observation by recording the conversations in any situation between the interlocutors. The data were analyzed based on Yassi’s six models of politeness system, and classifies the strategies of politeness which are formulated by Brown and Levinson, The results show that Ambonese speakers mostly use long refusal sequences, In the interaction between the strangers, Ambonese speakers tend to use bald on record strategy such as direct refusal as a head act of refusals sequence, In intimate relationship, Ambonese speakers tend to combine addressed form, reason, promise, joke or offer new solution as positive politeness strategy. In hierarchal relationship, Ambonese speakers tend to use negative politeness strategies such as give deference and expressing apology by an inferior to a superior person, Culturally, Ambonese people tend to be influenced by Pela gandong to maintain the solidarity in responding and addressing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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