805 research outputs found
Perfect Competition
No full textIn his 1987 entry on ‘Perfect Competition’ in The New Palgrave, the author reviewed the question of the perfectness of perfect competition, and gave four alternative formalisations rooted in the so-called Arrow-Debreu-Mckenzie model. That entry is now updated for the second edition to include work done on the subject during the last twenty years. A fresh assessment of this literature is offered, one that emphasises the independence assumption whereby individual agents are not related except through the price system. And it highlights a ‘linguistic turn’ whereby Hayek’s two fundamental papers on ‘division of knowledge’ are seen to have devastating consequences for this research programme.Allocation of Resources; Perfect Competition; Exchange Economy
PERSPEKTIF BARAKAH DALAM KESARJANAAN MUSLIM BARAT: STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN NAOUMAN ALI KHAN DI YOUTUBE
No full textBarokah has been around for a long time even though it does not appear to be about its form, but everyone must feel the sweetness of barokah. The problem is that barokah has experienced a decline and has even begun to become extinct because its existence is not clearly visible. That is caused by the lack of public awareness of the power of Allah, so that it depends on the progress of science and technology at this time. Therefore, the author examines the interpretation of Nouman Ali Khan through Youtobe which contains a discussion of baraka as a form of recommendation to the public that the interpreter is very suitable to be studied at the present time. This article includes thematic methods (maudhu'i) as well as patterns of adab ijtima'i with a linguistic approach, so that the discussion presented by Nouman Ali Khan can be used as a basis for knowing, understanding and changing the paradigm of society through cognitive effects, affective effects, and behavioral effects
Perfect Competition
No full textIn his 1987 entry on ‘Perfect Competition’ in The New Palgrave, the author reviewed the question of the perfectness of perfect competition, and gave four alternative formalisations rooted in the so-called Arrow-Debreu-Mckenzie model. That entry is now updated for the second edition to include work done on the subject during the last twenty years. A fresh assessment of this literature is offered, one that emphasises the independence assumption whereby individual agents are not related except through the price system. And it highlights a ‘linguistic turn’ whereby Hayek’s two fundamental papers on ‘division of knowledge’ are seen to have devastating consequences for this research programmeAllocation of Resources, Perfect Competition, Exchange Economy
Existence of marginal cost pricing equilibria with public goods
No full textWe examine the existence of marginal cost pricing equilibria under non-convex technology. We formalize marginal cost prices in terms of Clarke's normal cone."First, we are concerned with the formalization of marginal cost prices and the existence problem. Khan (1987) introduced Ioffe's normal cone as a formalization of marginal cost prices because, without free disposal, Clarke's normal cone may be too ""big."" Although it may not be convex, Khan showed that its lack of convexity is of no consequence for the second welfare theorem, but left open the question as to whether the convexity property is essential for the existence of a marginal cost pricing equilibrium. We answer this question in the negative.""Next, we study the existence of marginal cost pricing equilibria, and the related notion of equilibria for the economy with public goods. We provide an alternative proof of the existence of marginal cost pricing equilibria for the private goods economy. Our proof does not depend on the assumption of the presence of one convex producer, which is commonly used in the literature. We also present existence result without free disposal under rather restrictive conditions. Moreover, we provide an alternative proof of the existence of Lindahl-Hotelling equilibria (Khan-Vohra (1987)). Our result can discard several assumptions including the one that public goods are not ""bads."""Finally, we further extend the result to an economy with public inputs as well as public goods. We propose an equilibrium notion, named Lindahl-Hotelling-Kaizuka Equilibrium, in which producers with non-convex technology are regulated to follow marginal cost pricing with deficits financed through given rules for lump sum taxation; producers with convex technology maximize profits, and consumers maximizes utilities; all producers and consumers are charged Lindahl prices according to their marginal evaluation of public good; and the sum of Lindahl prices over all producers and consumers is equal to its marginal cost (output) price. We provide a set of sufficient condition for the existence of such equilibria.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Mulberry based zinc nano-particles mitigate salinity induced toxic effects and improve the grain yield and zinc bio-fortification of wheat by improving antioxidant activities, photosynthetic performance, and accumulation of osmolytes and hormones
No full textSalinity stress (SS) is a challenging abiotic stress that limits crop growth and productivity. Sustainable and cost effective methods are needed to improve crop production and decrease the deleterious impacts of SS. Zinc (Zn) nano-particles (NPs) have emerged as an important approach to regulating plant tolerance against SS. However, the mechanisms of SS tolerance mediated by Zn-NPs are not fully explained. Thus, this study was performed to explore the role of Zn-NPs (seed priming and foliar spray) in reducing the deleterious impacts of SS on wheat plants. The study comprised different SS levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m(−1), and different Zn-NPs treatments: control, seed priming (40 ppm), foliar spray (20 ppm), and their combination. Salinity stress markedly reduced plant growth, biomass, and grain yield. This was associated with enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) accumulation, reduced photosynthetic pigments, relative water contents (RWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomata conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), free amino acids (FAA), total soluble protein (TSP), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, N, and P). However, the application of Zn-NPs significantly improved the yield of the wheat crop, which was associated with reduced abscisic acid (ABA), MDA, H(2)O(2) concentration, and EL, owing to improved antioxidant activities, and an increase in RWC, Pn, Tr, WUE, and the accumulation of osmoregulating compounds (proline, soluble sugars, TSP, and FAA) and hormones (GA and IAA). Furthermore, Zn-NPs contrasted the salinity-induced uptake of toxic ions (Na and Cl) and increased the uptake of Ca, K, Mg, N, and P. Additionally, Zn-NPs application substantially increased the wheat grain Zn bio-fortification. Our results support previous findings on the role of Zn-NPs in wheat growth, yield, and grain Zn bio-fortification, demonstrating that beneficial effects are obtained under normal as well as adverse conditions, thanks to improved physiological activity and the accumulation of useful compounds. This sets the premise for general use of Zn-NPs in wheat, to which aim more experimental evidence is intensively being sought. Further studies are needed at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic level to better acknowledge the mechanisms of general physiological enhancement observed with Zn-NPs application
Espiritualidade política no governo de Khomeini: o sistema político do Irã após a revolução de 1979
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2014.O propósito desta dissertação é a compreensão da dinâmica do sistema político do Irã nos dias de hoje, pensado e construído no decorrer das décadas de 1970 e 1980. A partir de uma série de confrontos com a monarquia que ocasionaram diversos momentos de tensão no país e enfraqueceram o papel do Xá, o sistema político iraniano e todo o modelo de organização social passa a ser questionado e repensado. Muitas foram as personalidades de destaque nesse processo, entre elas Khomeini, que, com seu discurso carismático, conseguiu reunir em torno de si diferentes grupos e classes sociais do Irã, fortalecendo seu projeto de Governo Islâmico ao resgatar a essência do Islã. Por essa razão, Khomeini e suas principais obras serviram de fonte de pesquisa para a construção deste estudo. Muitos também foram os intelectuais, pesquisadores e cientistas que acompanharam os acontecimentos iranianos à época, entre eles Michel Foucault, que viajou ao país e escreveu sobre o testemunho da ideia de espiritualidade política no Irã. Foucault é um dos autores utilizados neste trabalho, com o intuito, principalmente, de sugerir um novo caminho de interpretação do acontecimento iraniano. Foi importante, da mesma forma, o contato com obras de autores islâmicos, como Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyd Abdul A'la Al-Maudidi, dentre outros. Esses autores foram fundamentais para manter esse trabalho dentro do seu principal propósito, quer seja, apresentar uma versão em nada etnocêntrica do movimento revolucionário iraniano e dos seus desdobramentos. Após a Revolução Iraniana de 1979, serão esses fatores - o papel de Khomeini, o resgate do Islã em sua essência tradicional e política e o conceito de espiritualidade política - que nos farão compreender o surgimento da República Islâmica e do novo sistema político iraniano. Perceber as especificidades da sociedade muçulmana que se desdobram num novo modo de ser, de vivenciar, é fundamental para compreender as dinâmicas e tensões de muitos países muçulmanos e suas relações com o Ocidente.Abstract : The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics of today's Iranian political system, designed and built during the 1970s and 1980s. From a series of confrontations with the monarchy, which caused several moments of tension in the country and weakened the role of the Shah, the Iranian political system and the entire model of social organization began to be questioned and rethought. Many were the prominent personalities in this process, including Khomeini, who, with his charismatic speech, managed to gather around him different groups and social classes in Iran, strengthening his project of Islamic government by rescuing the essence of Islam. Therefore, Khomeini and his major works were used as source of research for the construction of this study. In addition, many were the intellectuals, researchers and scientists who followed the events in Iran at the time, among them Michel Foucault, who traveled the country and wrote, in excited manner, about the testimony of the idea of political spirituality in Iran. Foucault is one of the authors used in this work, aiming mainly to suggest a new way of interpreting the Iranian event. Equally important was the contact with Islamic authors such as Ali Gheissari, Vali Nasr, Benazir Bhutto, Sayyid Abdul A'la Al - Maudidi , among others. These authors were critical to keep this work within its main purpose: to present a non-ethnocentric version of Iranian revolutionary movement and its outcomes. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, these factors - the role of Khomeini, the rescue of traditional and political Islam and concept of political spirituality -were and are fundamental to make us understand the emergence of the Islamic Republic and the Iranian new political system. Understand the specifics of Muslim society that unfold in a new way of being, of experiencing, is essential for understanding the dynamics and tensions of many Muslim countries and their relations with the West
Developing pedagogical content knowledge of science teachers through action research: A case study from Pakistan
No full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the action research undertaken by Khan as a teacher researcher in a private school as part of the degree requirement of his M.Ed. program in Teacher Education at the Aga Khan University, Institute for Educational Development. The purpose of this analysis undertaken by the first author and supervisor of the study in collaboration with Khan was to understand the development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of the teacher researcher through action research in a science classroom in the context of Pakistan. Khan taught the concepts of heat and temperature using an inquiry based pedagogy to grade 9 physics class and also examined his own practice of this innovation using action research. Using Carlsen’s concept of PCK as the lens for analysis of the research report written by Khan the first author finds that transforming his understanding of the topic to teach with the indicated instructional strategy required him to transform his own understanding of science content. The findings also indicate that the requirement of cumulative testing wa
Comparative analysis of Dr. Mohsin Khan and Maulawi Sher Ali's translation of surah Adh Dhuha and Ash Sharh
No full textBeing a Quran translator is not an easy activity, because Al Quran has a very beautiful language with high literature. Of course translating the Qur'an has a different level of difficulty with translating other texts. Both Dr. Mohsin Khan and MaulawiSher Ali have translated the Qur'an very well, so it is easy to be understood by the reader from a word. This is because both translators translate the Qur'an accurately and can answer the problems of life with the point of view of the Quran. Described in plain language and not complicated. The main problem in this research is the differences and similarities of semantic aspects that influence the translation of the work of Dr. Mohsin Khan and MaulawiSher Ali. The results of this study indicate that the lexical semantic translation style that influences the difference and its perspectives is in terms of its purpose. In translating the Qur'an, Dr. Mohsin Khan and MaulawiSher Ali are not only influenced by linguistic factors, but are also influenced by extralinguistics factors such as circumstances when translating and the science background of both translators in translating the Qur'an. In translating the Qur’an verses, Dr. Mohsin Khan is simple. This can be seen in his translation work. The first interpretation is done by giving the meaning of the verses of the Qur'an, then giving a global interpretation, without beginning with the explanation of the meaning of the word. By not adding many notes in his commentary, as if Dr. Mohsin Khan wants to invite readers to focus on dialogue with god. While MaulawiSher Ali in translating Quran verse many provide footnotes or other translation options. With the explanation, the author has the opinion that what is done by MaulawiSher Ali is to clarify and facilitate the reader in understanding the meaning of the verses of Quran
ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF KHAN RESEARCH LABORATORIES HOSPITAL, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to ascertain the causes of death and mortality rate in patients admitted to medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
METHODS: Current study enrolled 775 patients admitted in Medical ICU of KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from April 16, 2016 till April 16 2017. KRL Hospital is a 350 bedded hospital and has a 13-beded level II ICU. This was a descriptive study involving non-probability consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20).
RESULTS: Out of 775 patients, 125 (16.1%) patients died. Out of these 125 patients, 68 (54.4%) were males and 57 (45.6%) were females. Majority of patients (n=69; 55.2 %) were ranging in age from 71-100 years of age, while 37 (29.6%) patients were ranging in age from 56-70 years and 19 (15.2%) were less than 55 years of age. Among the deceased, pneumonia was the most common reason (n=49; 39.2 %) for admission followed by urinary tract infection (n=16; 12.8%) and septicemia (n=14; 11.2%). Hypertension (n=33; 26.4%) was the most common co-morbid followed by diabetes mellitus (n=24; 19.2 %) and ischemic heart disease (n=18; 14.4 %).
CONCLUSION: More than half of deceased patients admitted to ICU had age more than seventy years. Sepsis related conditions were responsible for death in more than sixty percent of patients. Majority of patients had diabetes mellitus, hypertension or ischemic heart disease as co-morbid conditions
The Tombs of Burfat Tribe at Taung, Thana Bula Khan, Sindh (Pakistan)
No full textThis paper deals with the tombs of the Burfats in small
village Taung in Thana Bula Khan. There are four graveyards Rankan Waro or Mehmmod jo
Qaburistan, Jam Lohar jo Muqam, Jam Aali jo Muqam and Boshen jo Muqam in and around
Taung which are generally called Taung tombs. In this paper, the author has discussed
about these four graveyards which are located south and north of Taung village
respectively. The author has also discussed the role of the Burfats tribe in the
socio-political history of Sindh. While discussing the role of tribe, particular
attention has been given to illustrious dignitaries of the
tribe. </strong
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