114 research outputs found
Being Chinese and Indonesian : Chinese organisations in post-Suharto Indonesia
No full textIn 1998 Indonesia was on the verge of huge political changes. The economy was in crisis and President Suharto's thirty-two year New Order government was coming to an
end. Violence, largely directed against the ethnic Chinese in a number of cities on the archipelago, accompanied the political and economic crises. The changes which unfolded led to peaceful elections in 1999, which were judged by international observers to be fair and democratic. These elections placed a new administration in power and with it the hopes of the people that reformasi (reform) would ensue.
Immediately after Suharto stepped down things began to change for the ethnic Chinese who had never been fully accepted as Indonesian within Indonesian national discourses. Indeed the presence of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia was constructed as a problem; the "Chinese problem" (inasalah Cina). During the New Order, policy towards Chinese Indonesians was particularly harsh. They were not permitted to celebrate any aspect of their Chinese heritage and official policy dictated that they should assimilate into Indonesian society. This changed after 1998 and the debate about how Chinese Indonesians should behave, and how they should be treated, emerged once again. This
thesis investigates a number of Chinese Indonesian organisations which were established or re-established after May 1998. I am particularly interested in how they
are articulating both their Chinese and their Indonesian identities in this new climate. I argue that as a result of Indonesian national discourses which construct Chinese
Indonesians as "outsiders", it may not be possible for the groups to achieve their joint aims of overcoming anti-Chinese stereotypes and having their Chinese heritage
accepted within Indonesia. During the New Order years many ethnic Chinese were reluctant to declare themselves Chinese publicly, or speak about their experiences, which has led to a dearth of empirical material relating to how Chinese Indonesians themselves understand their identities. Therefore, this research is a particularly useful addition to the study of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia
Trends. Cognitive Complexity, Moral Complexity, and Foreign Policy: Commonalities between President Suharto and William Weld
No full textThe author discusses the
cognitive and moral complexities, and foreign policy commonalities between President Suharto and William Weld
Ethno-Nationalism In Post-Suharto Indonesia: The Chinese Question
No full textThe purpose of this study is to identify the development of ethno-nationalists’ sentiments, organizations and movements performed by the Chinese elites in Indonesia during post-Suharto era and their influence on Indonesian politics. If compared to most ethno-nationalist groups in Indonesia, Chinese nationalists are considered unique due to their origin as immigrants; Chinese community do not have strong ancestry attachment to Indonesia as their homeland. Therefore, the author wants to find out what motivates the Chinese elites to express their ethnic sentiment especially when such sentiments were not present during the Suharto regime
Sultan\u27s of Southeast Asia: The Marcos and Suharto regimes
No full textThe author undertook this study in mid-1999 at a time when Indonesia was going through a political transition. Hence, the Indonesia and government of Indonesia that is referred to in this essay pertains to the Suharto administration. It should also be noted that the political landscape in both the Philippines and Indonesia have changed considerably since then but it is noteworthy to understand these two dictatorships and how both countries are currently striving for democratic reforms, hopefully having learned from the past
Public sector accounting reforms in the Indonesian post-Suharto era
No full textThe aim of the study is to understand the institutionalization process of an accrual accounting system in the Indonesian public sector. The data were drawn from three sources: (1) official documents (i.e. laws and government regulations) about the adoption and implementation of accrual accounting in the Indonesian public sector; (2) publicly available information about the social, economic and political developments leading to the process of the adoption; (3) interviews with 36 participants who have been involved in or have an understanding of the internalization of accrual accounting in the Indonesian public sector. Drawn from an integrated model of institutionalization (IMI) adapted from Dillard, Rigsby, and Goodman (2004), and Dambrin, Sponem, and Lambert (2007) inspired by New Institutional Sociology (NIS) this study was able to identify and discuss the features of the institutionalization process, at the national level and within one municipality used as a case study.
This study found that at the economic and political level and in the organizational field the new ideals which require the adoption of accrual accounting in the Indonesian public sector have been mobilized by the technocrats (economists and accountants) at the Ministry of Finance since the 1980s. This mobilization occurred when the country encountered a fiscal crisis. The study also identified that the desire to adopt accrual accounting may have been driven by the wish to follow a similar practice adopted in other countries. Nonetheless, a formal adoption of the accrual accounting system was only realized following the collapse of Suharto’s regime in 1998 through the issuance of Law 17 (2003) as new discourses and government accounting standards in 2005 as new techniques. In this municipal case, beyond the economic reasons, the move to formally adopt the accrual accounting system at the economic and political level after Suharto appeared to be part of the government’s response to the demand from the public and international financial authorities (the IMF and the World Bank).
At the organizational level, drawing from the experience of one municipal government, the internalization processes of the accounting system were primarily motivated by the presence of legal enforcement. This occurs because the political and economic affairs of local governments in Indonesia are regulated by the central government. Therefore, local governments effectively contribute to the domination of the central government in the mobilization process. Beyond this, the process and outcomes of the institutionalization of the accrual accounting system contradict the intended benefits, as expected in the Law 17 (2003), and the government accounting standards issued in 2005. In this case, the lack of skills and experience in using accrual accounting has increased accounting costs of the municipality and the officials within the municipality have yet to use the accrual-based accounting information for real decision making.
In addition, power and old habits of local actors (i.e. senior officials in a municipal government observed) relating to a corruption practice (bribery) surrounding the adoption have also produced an unintended outcome. In this vein, technical capacity, power, and old habits of local actors affect the extent to which a new accounting system could be internalized. An important insight that we can draw from this study is that the process and outcomes of this institutionalization are not only shaped by the pressures from external factors, but also by activities, processes and routines of actors within organizations.
One of the implications of the these findings for policy making is that Indonesian Central Goverment needs to be aware of the capacity of local governments in implementing policies and programs anfd provides approptriate incentives to achieve full uptake. A lack of competencies besides making successful implementation difficult, may exacerbate frustration fuelling active resistance. Further research could address the relationship between capability building and the proximity of educational institutions. The thesis indicates that successful implementation is limited. This encourages further research into the factors that impact implementation. The influence of culture such as a common practice of bribery should also be considered.
The public and academics are also reminded that the adoption of a business-style accounting system in the public sector can be costly and may act against its promoted purposes. The thesis also contributes to the public sector accounting literature by reducing the gap between what is known and unknown about governmental accounting practices in one of emerging economies in Asia, that has been rarely investigated
Research note: Indonesian trade union developments since the fall of Suharto
No full textThis research note chronicles developments in private and public sector trade unionism in Indonesia in the year following President Suharto’s resignation. Its findings are based on fieldwork carried out in Indonesia from February to April 1999, ongoing monitoring of the Indonesian press, and information provided by contacts in labour-oriented non-government organisations. While cautioning that more fundamental changes are required at a systemic level before far-reaching labour reform can be achieved, the author concludes that developments in trade unionism since the fall of Suharto indicate that many workers remain committed to collective action despite the dramatic increases in unemployment and the erosion of job security resulting from Indonesia’s ongoing economic crisis
Defensive Enforcement: Human Rights in Indonesia
No full textThe objective of the article is to examine the human rights enforcement in Indonesian legal and political system. This is done by studying the legal basis of human rights, the process of proliferation of human rights discourse, and the actual controversies of human rights enforcement. The study has the effect of highlighting some of the immense deficits in ensuring that violations are treated under judicial procedure and the protection of human rights is available and accessible for victims. The author inevitably came into a conclusion that the openness of legal and political arenas for human rights discourses is not followed with a tangible impact on the entitlement positions of the people. The problems of the weak institutions and the unenthusiastic enforcement show that, in Indonesia, human rights are formally adopted as a political strategy to avoid substantial implementatio
Dependência e autonomia no sul geopolítico : a Indonésia pós-Suharto
No full textEsta tese é um estudo sobre as condições do desenvolvimento político, econômico e social da Indonésia contemporânea, com ênfase no período posterior à queda do General Suharto, em 1998. Colônia holandesa até o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a Indonésia enfrentou as dificuldades costumeiras dos países do Terceiro Mundo: peso da herança colonial, pressões externas no clima da guerra fria, conflitos internos quanto às formas de governo, pendendo para soluções autoritárias. O autor procurou caracterizar o modelo de inserção do país no sistema-mundo, assinalando as relações de dependência e as possibilidades de autonomia resultantes da complexa interação entre seus grupos sociais internos e agentes externos. Pela análise da trajetória recente, da estrutura social, das condições do sistema produtivo e dos padrões do comércio exterior da Indonésia, observou-se que o modelo de desenvolvimento atual, por um lado, não corresponde necessariamente a uma ruptura da dependência em relação ao centro do sistema, mas, por outro, abre espaço a iniciativas de cooperação com outras nações do Sul geopolítico. A tese reconstitui o processo de construção do modelo, as tensões sociais e políticas resultantes das escolhas das elites dirigentes do arquipélago e os limites e perspectivas de parcerias com países de características semelhantes no mundo em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil.This thesis is a study on the conditions of political, economic and social development in contemporary Indonesia, emphasizing the period after the fall of General Suharto in 1998. A Dutch colony until the end of World War II, Indonesia faced the usual difficulties of Third World countries: the burden of its colonial legacy, external pressures from all sides during the Cold War, internal conflicts related to its political system, which often tended towards authoritarian solutions. The author sought to characterize how Indonesia was integrated into the World-System, pointing out the dependency relationships and the possibilities of autonomy resulting from the complex interaction between domestic social groups and external agents. By analyzing Indonesia’s recent history, social structure, economic production and foreign trade patterns, it was noted that although the Indonesian current development model does not necessarily breaks its dependence on the center of the World-System, it somehow favors initiatives in cooperation with other nations of the South. The thesis is concerned with the constitution of the Indonesian development model, the social and political tensions resulting from the choices of elites in the archipelago and the limits and prospects for partnerships between Indonesia and similar countries in the developing world, like Brazil
NILAI – NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KH. AHMAD DAHLAN DALAM MENINGKATAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL DAN SOSIAL SISWA SMK MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER
No full textPendidikan dan karakter memiliki persinggungan yang besar karena keduanya saling bergantung. Esensi pendidikan ini harus memiliki karakter di dalamnya. Pendidikan karakter merupakan usaha pendidikan dalam upaya mengembangkan kepribadian peserta didik agar menjadi baik. Pendidikan karakter berwujud mandiri dalam suatu mata pelajaran. Pendidikan karakter merupakan proses yang membentuk lingkungan sekolah, rumah dan masyarakat yang secara bersama-sama dapat menciptakan suasana dan kepribadian yang baik bagi peserta didik. adapun fokus penelitian dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Bagaimana Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Jember? (2) Bagaimana Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Sosial siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Jember? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mendeskripsikan Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Jember. Dan Mendeskripsikan Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Sosial siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Jember.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif Deskriptif yang mana lokasinya bertempat di SMK Muhammadiyah Jember dengan prosedur pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi,wawancara,dokumentasi dengan jumlah 5 informan adapun teknis analisisnya meliputi Kategorisasi Data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan Penarikan Kesimpulan .serta untuk keabsahan data memakai kredibilitas (kepercayaan).
Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Terdapat Pembiasaan Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual siswa di SMK Muhammadiyah Jember Yakni Religiusitas yakni Pelaksanaan Shalat Dhuha, Nasionalisme yakni Memperingati Hari Besar Keagamaan, Jujur yakni Siswa Mampu menjaga shalat dhuha dan tahfidz quran saat tidak ada guru yang mendampingi, Integritas yakni siswa Konsisten dalam menjunjung tinggi nilai luhur keyakinan. (2) Terdapat Pembiasaan Nilai Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kh. Ahmad dahlan dalam meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual siswa di SMK Muhammadiyah Jember yakni Religiusitas yakni Menjenguk dan Berdoa untuk kesembuhan teman yang sakit atau sedang dalam musibah, Nasionalisme yakni Siswa mengikuti upacara bendera Setiap hari Senin dan pada hari besar kenegaraan, Jujur yakni Siswa tidak merokok di sekolah Integritas yakni Seluruh Siswa Memakai baju seragam yang sama sesuai jadwa
Quo Vadis Peran IMF Bagi Perekonomian Indonesia
No full textInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) that built on December 31, 1945 until now has developed its member. The aim of IMF as written article 1 of articles agreement of International monetary fund. In long term development perspective, the changing of paradigm that guaranteed the justice. Indonesia has a rich natural resources but Indonesian can not expiore their natural resources. If Indonesian can explore their natural resources. Indonesia will become a welfare state without IMF. According to author of this writing that the principle of justice must become a main basic either in construct ing or decision of economy strategy in Indonesia in the future
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