38 research outputs found
BEBERAPA SENYAWA NON AROMATIS DARI DAUN ANDALAS (Morus macroura Miq.)
No full text ABSTRACT Several non aromatic compounds of the leaf Morus macroura Miq. as the rare Indonesian plant has been extracted using n-hexane as an extractant. The soxletation technique was applied in this extraction. The result are separated by fractionation methods of the liquid vacuum chromatographic and continued with the column gravitation chromatographic. The eluent are n-hexane-ethyl acetate are used in the separation method, based on principles of solvent polarity step by step. These separation was monitoring by thin layer chromatographic. The identification result by spectroscopy ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR , are four compounds found such as hidroxy tridecanil eicosanoic m.p.67-69 oC, long chain n-alkane m.p. 61-62 oC, long chain aliphatic ester m.p. 65-66 oC and wax ester ketone m.p. 68-70oC. Keywords: non aromatic compound, chromatograhphic</jats:p
Tindak Tutur Komisif Politikus Partai Pemilu di Indonesia Tahun 2019: Kajian Pragmatik
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya tuturan komisif pada pidato politikus partai pemilu di Indonesia tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi, fenomenologi, grounded theory, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan : 1. Jenis tindak tutur komisif yang terdapat pada pidato politikus pemenang partai pemilu di Indonesia tahun 2019 ditemukan jenis tindak tutur berniat, berjanji, dan, menawarkan. 2. Fungsi tindak tutur komisif politikus pemenang partai pemilu di Indonesia tahun 2019 terdiri atas 43 fungsi tindak tutur berniat ditandai dengan penanda gramatikal akan . 38 fungsi tindak tutur berjanji ditandai dengan penanda gramatikal harus, akan pasti dan InsyaAllah. 3 fungsi tindak tutur menawarkan ditandai dengan penanda gramatikal dapat, menawarkan. Tuturan bersumpah tidak ditemukan. Dengan demikian, kecenderungan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah tindak tutur janji yang komisif
Penyisihan Minyak Lemak Yang Terkandung Dalam Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Sawit Dengan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Bermedia Cangkang Sawit
No full textThe concentration of oil and fat wich contained in palm oil industrial liquid waste is 190-14720 mg / L, while the
allowable standard is 25 mg / L. Palm oil industrial liquid waste can be treated with the anaerobic process and
aerobic process. However, the anaerobic process is more lucrative than the aerobic process. Modification made
in the anaerobic wastewater treatment is using a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor. Anaerobic hybrid bioreactor
system is a combination between the suspended growth microorganisms and attached growth microorganisms
with palm shell as a placard media. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal provision of fat oil
using a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor on palm oil industial liquid waste. The study was conducted with several
variations of HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time), is 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Each HRT operated in steady state.
Parameters that observed were the amount of fat and oil allowance and also hydrolysis rate constant (kh). The
results showed that the efficiency of fatty oils on HRT 1 day to 5 days increased, ie 56%, 69%, 71%, 96%, and
98%. At 1 day of HRT hydrolysis rate constant (kh) for fatty oils is 0.039 day-1, on 2 days of HRT is 0.059 day-
1, on 3 days of HRT is 0.062 day-1, on 4 days of HRT is 0.048 day-1 and the 5 days of HRT is 0.236 day-1. The
results can be concluded that the 4 days of HRT given highest efficiency of oil removal with a high fat in a brief
HRT, that is 96% with the value of fatty oils, kh is 0.048 day-1.
Keywords: Anaerobic; Hybrid bioreactor; Hydrolysis; Allowance fatty oils, Hydraulic Residence Tim
Penyisihan Karbohidrat dari Limbah Cair PKS dengan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Bermedia Cangkang Sawit
No full textCarbohydrates in liquid waste palm oil industry contained concentration of 2.000 mg/L. If the liquid waste
directly discharged into the waters will contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Handling liquid waste palm oil
industry using by a anaerobic hybrid bioreactor. Anaerobic hybrid bioreactor is a combination of suspended
growth and attached growth systems with palm shell as attachment media. Bioreactor operated by varying
the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Parameters was observed in this research are the
amount of the allowance and the hydrolysis rate constant (kh) total and soluble carbohydrates of liquid waste
palm oil industry. The results showed that the removal efficiency and the hydrolysis rate constant (kh), total
and soluble carbohydrates on HRT 1 to 5 days the increases percentage. On 1 day of HRT the efficiency total
of removal carbohydrate is 66,18% with kh 0,06 day-1 and soluble carbohydrate 69,86%, with kh 0,064 day-1
increased to 79,86% for total carbohydrate removal kh 0,135 day-1 and soluble carbohydrate 81,36%, with kh
0,143 day-1 on HRT 5 days. The results showed that 4 days of HRT provide the highest removal efficiency
with the hydraulic time optimum 78,42% and 80,23% and the value of a total carbohydrate kh is 0,104 day-1
with kh soluble 0,107 day-1.
Keywords: anaerobic hybrid bioreactor, shell oil, hydrolysis, carbohydrat
Perengkahan PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) Dengan Katalis Zeolit Sintesis Untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel
No full textPalm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the manufacture of cooking oil. The PFAD has a high potential to be used as raw material for biofuel by catalytic cracking because it is a long-chain hydrocarbon. This research aims to study the influence of time and temperature conversion reaction to catalytic cracking reaction using zeolite catalyst synthesis. The PFAD cracking was taken place in a batch stirred tank reactor at the temperature of 240, 260, 280, 300oC for 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes. The changes in functional groups of cracking products were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), while the analysis of components contained in the product was conducted using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra) analysis. The highest reaction conversion result (98.7%) was obtained at a temperature of 280oC and the reaction time of 100 minutes. The cracking process did not produce biofuels, but the compounds formed were in the form of tridecanoic acid (C13H26NO2), Cholest-8-en-3-ol (C28H48O) and methyl vinyl ketone (C4H6O).Keywords: FTIR, GCMS, PFAD, zeolite synthesy
Sintesis ZSM-5 dari Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Sumber Silika dengan Variasi Nisbah Molar Si/Al dan Temperatur Sintesis
No full textPalm fly ash is biomass/waste in the palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of amorphous silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which is widely used as catalyst in industries. ZSM-5 has high activity and selectivity to several hydrocarbon conversion reaction. Hence, ZSM-5 is being investigated for the conversion of vegetable oil to hydrocarbon. It can be synthesized from silica and alumina. Sources of silica that can be added to the ZSM-5 synthesis, are sodium silicate, hydrated silica, water glass sol silica, gelled silica, clay, precipitated silicaand calcined silica. ZSM-5 was synthesized free-template by using palm fly ash as silica source. In this research synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out in autoclave at 18 hours and Na2O/Al2O3 molar ratio by various molar ratio from 30 to 40 and temperature in the range of 150 to 190 oC. The product was then analized using FTIR method. The best ZSM-5 product was obtained at Si/Al molar ratio of 40 and process temperature of 150 oC.
Keywords: FTIR, Palm fly ash, ZSM-
Perengkahan PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) Dengan Katalis Zeolit Sintesis Untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel
No full textPalm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the manufacture of cooking oil. The PFAD has a high potential to be used as raw material for biofuel by catalytic cracking because it is a long-chain hydrocarbon. This research aims to study the influence of time and temperature conversion reaction to catalytic cracking reaction using zeolite catalyst synthesis. The PFAD cracking was taken place in a batch stirred tank reactor at the temperature of 240, 260, 280, 300oC for 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes. The changes in functional groups of cracking products were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), while the analysis of components contained in the product was conducted using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra) analysis. The highest reaction conversion result (98.7%) was obtained at a temperature of 280oC and the reaction time of 100 minutes. The cracking process did not produce biofuels, but the compounds formed were in the form of tridecanoic acid (C13H26NO2), Cholest-8-en-3-ol (C28H48O) and methyl vinyl ketone (C4H6O).
Keywords: FTIR, GCMS, PFAD, zeolite synthesy
Sintesis ZSM-5 dari Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Sumber Silika dengan Variasi Nisbah Molar Si/Al dan Temperatur Sintesis
No full textPalm fly ash is biomass/waste in the palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of amorphous silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which is widely used as catalyst in industries. ZSM-5 has high activity and selectivity to several hydrocarbon conversion reaction. Hence, ZSM-5 is being investigated for the conversion of vegetable oil to hydrocarbon. It can be synthesized from silica and alumina. Sources of silica that can be added to the ZSM-5 synthesis, are sodium silicate, hydrated silica, water glass sol silica, gelled silica, clay, precipitated silicaand calcined silica. ZSM-5 was synthesized free-template by using palm fly ash as silica source. In this research synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out in autoclave at 18 hours and Na2O/Al2O3 molar ratio by various molar ratio from 30 to 40 and temperature in the range of 150 to 190 oC. The product was then analized using FTIR method. The best ZSM-5 product was obtained at Si/Al molar ratio of 40 and process temperature of 150 oC. Keywords: FTIR, Palm fly ash, ZSM-
Pembuatan Nitroselulosa dari Selulosa Hasil Pemurnian Pelepah Sawit dengan Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan
No full textNitrocellulose is a polymer used as materials for propellant. Manufacture of nitrocellulose done with cellulose nitration process. Nitration of cellulose is a reaction force substitution or replacement of H+ from –OH- groups in cellulose contained in the NO2+ cluster of nitric acid (HNO3). Cellulose to be used is sourced from waste palm midrib. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best conditions of temperature and time nitration that α- cellulose nitration process to produce nitrocellulose with a high nitrogen content. Palm midrib cellulose purified before entering the nitration process. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After the purification process, the next step is the process of nitration of cellulose with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Nitration process is done with the variation of temperature and reaction time. Nitrocellulose nitrogen levels will be analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best conditions in the nitration process took 30 minutes with the temperature of 90 oC. Nitrogen levels were estimated on nitrocellulose > 12% so it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of propellants
Pengaruh Variasi PH dan Waktu pada Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Sari Kulit Nanas dengan Menggunakan Zymomonas Mobilis
No full textBioethanol is an alternative energy source that has enough potential to replace fossil fuels. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of carbohydrate crops . One of the raw materials that can be used is a pineapple peel. Because today is still a waste of pineapple peel untapped. In pineapple peel contained 13.6 % reducing sugar , so as to have good potential to be processed into bioethanol . One way of making bioethanol is by microbial fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis . The fermentation process is influenced by several factors, including pH and time . This study was conducted to determine the optimum pH and time at fermentation process for bioethanol production from pineapple peel juice. The study was conducted by varying the pH of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 with fermentation time 14 , 23 , 39 , 47 , 65 , and 71 hours using Zymomonas mobilis microbes . Bioethanol yield analysis using a gas chromatograph (GC). The result is the highest ethanol yield was 3.01% at pH 4.5 and fermentation time of 65 hours
