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Impact of micronutrient deficiencies on physical growth, ADHD, aggression, working memory and academic performance of first-year primary public-school students in three selected districts of Kabul City, Afghanistan / Ziauddin Azimi
Get PDFMicronutrient deficiency in childhood is the primary cause of many health problems, particularly in developing nations like Afghanistan. The purpose of this study was to determine the micronutrient deficiencies and their relationships to physical growth, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggressiveness, working memory, and academic performance among first year primary public-school students. Multistage random sampling method was done and a random sample of 358 primary school students was chosen. Micronutrient levels in the blood were examined in plasma samples. Anthropometric characteristics were assessed, together with demographic information, and compared to WHO criteria. The original English versions of the ADHD-T, Children Aggression Scale Teacher (CAS-T), and Academic Performance Questionnaire (APQ) questionnaire’s factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the scales were performed to assess children's levels of ADHD, aggression, and academic performance (AP). Students' working memory (WM) was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 5th Edition (WISC-V). More than half of these students had deficiencies in vitamin D (95%), vitamin B12 (73.96%), and calcium (100%), as well as in vitamin A (33.6%), zinc (24.23%), and folic acid (5.1%). 11.5% of students were stunted, 3.9% were underweight, 10.3% were thin. A significant positive correlation was noted between zinc level and weight for age z- score (WAZ). The ADHDT-Dari, CAS-T-Dari, and APQ-Dari had strong content and face validity as well as good internal consistency. The two-factor model of ADHD-T-Dari (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) performed best in the confirmatory factor analysis. Inattention (16.8%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (29.9%), and ADHD (21.5%) were present in these students and male students scored higher than the females. ADHD were associated to vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiency. Students with poor family income and illiterate parents showed a significantly greater frequency of ADHD. Male students scored much higher on the aggression, and showed a negative relationship with parent education, especially for female students. Folic acid, calcium and zinc levels had a negative association with aggression. Aggression had positive correlation with ADHD which was more apparent in male students. The average working memory score was 25.25 which was higher for female student, but the difference was not statistically significant. WM and micronutrient levels did not significantly correlate with ADHD, but negatively correlate with female students' aggressive. The AP scores for female was higher but was not statistically significant. The AP of male students showed a positive correlation with parental education. There was no correlation between AP and micronutrient level, while ADHD and aggression associated negatively with AP. In conclusion, higher prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies was found among primary school students. Zinc had positive correlation with WAZ. Vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiency were associated with ADHD and folic acid, while calcium and zinc deficiency were associated with aggression. Micronutrient level had no significant correlation with WM and AP of children, while ADHD and aggression showed a strong negative correlation with the AP of students
سیستمهای سیرکادیان انسانی و تأثیر اختلالات آن بالای فعالیت انسولین
No full textCircadian clocks regulate alternating periods of habit, physiology, and internal metabolism, enabling living organisms, especially humans, to adapt to the 24-hour cycle of the Earth. Circadian clocks control metabolic systems to obtain and consume energy during the light/dark cycle. Impaired control of the circadian system or inconsistency with the environment or behavior, such as eating at irregular intervals, changing working hours, poor sleep, and disrupting the circadian control system, increases the risk of metabolic diseases like type II diabetes. This article reviews recent evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on metabolism and insulin sensitivity, emphasizing the physiological relationship between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, existing studies indicate the association of circadian disorders with insulin sensitivity. However, new strategies are needed to prevent and treat diseases caused by disruptions in circadian rhythms.ساعتهای سیرکادیان، دورانهای متناوب عادت، فزیولوژی و میتابولیزم داخلی را نگهداری نموده، موجودات زنده و به خصوص انسانها را برای پیشبرد دوران ۲۴ ساعته زمین قادر میسازند. اختلال کنترول سیستم سیرکادیان یا ناهماهنگی با دوران محیطی یا سلوک، مانند نخوردن غذا در زمان معین، ساعتهای کاری متغییر، خواب نامناسب و به وقت، سبب برهم خوردن سیستم کنترولی سیرکادیان و افزایش خطرات مبتلا شدن به امراض میتابولیکی مانند دیابت نوع ۲ میشود. از اینرو، معلومات جدید که تا به حال در مورد تأثیرات محیطی بالای میتابولیزم و حساسیت انسولین طی تحقیقات در مجلات با اعتبار به نشر رسیده اند، جستجو گردیده تا ارتباط فزیولوژیکی بین ساعتها، میتابولیزم گلوکوز و حساسیت انسولین مطالعه و دلایل که در اختلال سیرکادیان و حساسیت انسولین دخیل اند، دریافت گردیده تا باالاخره استراتیژیهای جدید به منظور جلوگیری یا وقایه و تداوی امراض ناشی از تغییر در سیرکادیان اتخاذ گردد.ساعتهای سیرکادیان، دورانهای متناوب عادت، فزیولوژی و میتابولیزم داخلی را نگهداری نموده، موجودات زنده و به خصوص انسانها را برای پیشبرد دوران ۲۴ ساعته زمین قادر میسازند. اختلال کنترول سیستم سیرکادیان یا ناهماهنگی با دوران محیطی یا سلوک، مانند نخوردن غذا در زمان معین، ساعتهای کاری متغییر، خواب نامناسب و به وقت، سبب برهم خوردن سیستم کنترولی سیرکادیان و افزایش خطرات مبتلا شدن به امراض میتابولیکی مانند دیابت نوع ۲ میشود. از اینرو، معلومات جدید که تا به حال در مورد تأثیرات محیطی بالای میتابولیزم و حساسیت انسولین طی تحقیقات در مجلات با اعتبار به نشر رسیده اند، جستجو گردیده تا ارتباط فزیولوژیکی بین ساعتها، میتابولیزم گلوکوز و حساسیت انسولین مطالعه و دلایل که در اختلال سیرکادیان و حساسیت انسولین دخیل اند، دریافت گردیده تا باالاخره استراتیژیهای جدید به منظور جلوگیری یا وقایه و تداوی امراض ناشی از تغییر در سیرکادیان اتخاذ گردد
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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