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Managerial perceptions of the cultural distance basis for internationalization decisions by firms
Full text linkThe role of managerial perceptions of cultural distance in the internationalization decisions of 'LOW-TECH' firms is explored in this thesis. A first empirical study examined managers' perceptions of dissimilarity in food culture in foreign markets (food culture distance), as an antecedent to adaptation of an export marketing strategy for food companies. A second empirical study examined the explanatory power of food culture distance in relation to choice of foreign markets by food exporters. The relationship between managers' perceptions of cultural and other business differences (psychic distance), organizational innovation, and the performance of 'LOW-TECH' firms was examined in a third study, while a fourth examined the congruence between mangers' perceptions of cultural distance and objective reality. Finally, the strategic role of inpatriates as sources of knowledge of cultural preferences in foreign markets was analyzed. The quantitative data used were obtained in two separate surveys that employed questionnaires as the data collection technique. The hypotheses were examined using three multivariate analysis techniques: structural equation modeling (SEM), regression analysis with a clustered robust standard errors approach, and bivariate correlation analysis. It was found that food culture distance influences an internationalizing firm's marketing strategies and choice of foreign market. Psychic distance was found to affect a firm's innovation strategies during the internationalization process. Perception of substantial differences in foreign markets may lead firms to adapt their marketing programs while conducting innovative strategies. The results indicated that perceived cultural distance not only entails challenges and difficulties for firms, but also provides business opportunities that make distant markets an attractive target for internationalizing firms. Managers' perceptions of cultural distance were found to be highly congruent with objective reality. Moreover, inpatriates proved to be important as sources of knowledge about, inter alia, cultural preferences in situations with a great cultural distance between the home country and the host country
Food Culture Distance: An Antecedent to Export Marketing Strategy Adaptation - An Empirical Examination of Swedish and Finnish Food Processing Companies
Full text linkThis study explores dissimilarity in food culture (food culture distance) as an antecedent to the adaptation of export marketing strategy for food products, and examines the impact of marketing program adaptation on export performance. Building on previous research, this paper introduces a model for operationalizing the construct food culture distance. Data were gathered via a mail survey of Swedish and Finnish food exporters. The results indicate a significant correlation between food culture distance and the extent of product adaptation. However, product adaptation does not affect export performance, implying that other factors, along with marketing strategy, may influence export performance
Inpatriates and Expatriates: Sources of Strategic Human Capital for Multinational Food and Beverage Firms
Full text linkThe accelerating pace of globalization makes the strategic role of human resource management increasingly important for global companies. MNEs as key drivers in the process of globalization are becoming much more differentiated networks. This enables them to source the optimal combination of inputs from the global market. Inpatriates and expatriates are MNE’s strategic sources of human capital, through which knowledge is developed, carried, and exchanged within the MNE’s network. This essay discusses the ways in which inpatriates and expatriates can provide competitive advantage for MNEs in the food and beverage industry, and how these MNEs should mange these strategic resources in a competitive global market
Internationalization of the Swedish food industry: challenges and opportunities : the case of Lantmännen Cerealia
Full text linkEconomic globalization has brought up both opportunities and challenges for the world trade. An increased flow of capital, labor and production factors across the boundaries, increased opportunities for off-shore production and outsourcing in manufacturing and even service sector are only a part of the "opportunities" that has been brought up by economic globalization. On the other hand cultural barriers, managerial complexity, and environmental uncertainty are among the challenges of economic globalization. Internationalization (international expansion) has been defined as an important strategy for businesses to exploit the opportunities in the globalized world of trade. A trend toward a more internationalized structure has been evident within the Swedish food industry. Although the export of food products by Swedish enterprises has increased dramatically during the last decade, more than 70 per cent of the export goes only to the EU member states. Consequently, by considering the phenomenon of economic globalization, the potential opportunities placed in other parts of the world are not satisfactorily exploited by Swedish food enterprises. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Swedish food enterprises’ internationalization decisions regarding the choice of international markets; what factors might have crucial impact on the choice of a foreign market and how these factors may affect the firm’s performance. The study focuses on the case of "Lantmännen Cerealia" a company within the Lantmännen Group, one the largest Nordic groups within food. Accordingly, knowledge about business and cultural issues in a market has a crucial role in the firm’s internationalization decisions regarding the choice of a foreign market. Furthermore, conducting market research will help the firm to acquire knowledge about business and cultural issues within a foreign market which also enhance its performance in that market
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Food Culture Distance: An Antecedent to Export Marketing Strategy Adaptation - An Empirical Examination of Swedish and Finnish Food Processing Companies
No full textThis study explores dissimilarity in food culture (food culture distance) as an antecedent to the adaptation of export marketing strategy for food products, and examines the impact of marketing program adaptation on export performance. Building on previous research, this paper introduces a model for operationalizing the construct food culture distance. Data were gathered via a mail survey of Swedish and Finnish food exporters. The results indicate a significant correlation between food culture distance and the extent of product adaptation. However, product adaptation does not affect export performance, implying that other factors, along with marketing strategy, may influence export performance
Managerial perceptions of the cultural distance basis for internationalization decisions by firms : implications for 'low-tech' industries [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe role of managerial perceptions of cultural distance in the internationalization decisions of 'LOW-TECH' firms is explored in this thesis. A first empirical study examined managers' perceptions of dissimilarity in food culture in foreign markets (food culture distance), as an antecedent to adaptation of an export marketing strategy for food companies. A second empirical study examined the explanatory power of food culture distance in relation to choice of foreign markets by food exporters. The relationship between managers' perceptions of cultural and other business differences (psychic distance), organizational innovation, and the performance of 'LOW-TECH' firms was examined in a third study, while a fourth examined the congruence between mangers' perceptions of cultural distance and objective reality. Finally, the strategic role of inpatriates as sources of knowledge of cultural preferences in foreign markets was analyzed. The quantitative data used were obtained in two separate surveys that employed questionnaires as the data collection technique. The hypotheses were examined using three multivariate analysis techniques: structural equation modeling (SEM), regression analysis with a clustered robust standard errors approach, and bivariate correlation analysis. It was found that food culture distance influences an internationalizing firm's marketing strategies and choice of foreign market. Psychic distance was found to affect a firm's innovation strategies during the internationalization process. Perception of substantial differences in foreign markets may lead firms to adapt their marketing programs while conducting innovative strategies. The results indicated that perceived cultural distance not only entails challenges and difficulties for firms, but also provides business opportunities that make distant markets an attractive target for internationalizing firms. Managers' perceptions of cultural distance were found to be highly congruent with objective reality. Moreover, inpatriates proved to be important as sources of knowledge about, inter alia, cultural preferences in situations with a great cultural distance between the home country and the host country
Inpatriates and Expatriates: Sources of Strategic Human Capital for Multinational Food and Beverage Firms
No full textThe accelerating pace of globalization makes the strategic role of human resource management increasingly important for global companies. MNEs as key drivers in the process of globalization are becoming much more differentiated networks. This enables them to source the optimal combination of inputs from the global market. Inpatriates and expatriates are MNE's strategic sources of human capital, through which knowledge is developed, carried, and exchanged within the MNE's network. This essay discusses the ways in which inpatriates and expatriates can provide competitive advantage for MNEs in the food and beverage industry, and how these MNEs should mange these strategic resources in a competitive global market
Cultural distance, innovation, and export performance: an examination of perceived and objective cultural distance
No full textCULTURAL DISTANCE, INNOVATION, AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE: AN EXAMINATION OF PERCEIVED AND OBJECTIVE CULTURAL DISTANCE
Cultural distance, innovation, and export performance: an examination of perceived and objective cultural distance (-
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