79 research outputs found
Euprymna parva Sanchez & Jolly & Reid & Sugimoto & Azama & Marlétaz & Simakov & Rokhsar 2019, comb. nov.
No full textEuprymna parva (Sasaki, 1913), comb. nov. (Figure 1c left, Table 1, Supplementary Figs. 1, 2c, d, Supplementary Table 2). Sepiola parva Sasaki, 1913: 252, Fig. 4. — Sasaki, 1929: 136–137 Pl. XV, Figs. 4 and 5, text Fig. 80; Takayama and Okutani, 1992: 203–214, fig, 2, Figs. 4–6. — Okutani, 1995: 45, fig. 43. Reid and Norman, 1998: 717. — Reid and Jereb, 2005: 165–166, fig. 239. Inioteuthis parva Sasaki, 1914: 595, pl. 11 Figs. 9 and 10. Type locality: Japan, Tokyo Bay. Material examined. 3 ♂ (8.5–10.7 mm ML), 3 ♀ (7.0–8.0 mm ML), East China Sea, Okinawa, Diamond Beach in Seragaki, 26.51N, 127.88E, <2 m, 15 June 2016, coll. J. Jolly, G. Sanchez, A. Masunaga & K. Asada (AM C.574777, Hap 3, and GenBank accession number: LC417215). Remarks. The correct generic placement of this taxon has been equivocal since it was first described. It was first placed in Sepiola, transferred to Inioteuthis Sasaki, 1914, then later retained in the genus Sepiola. Sasaki does not explain why parva was placed in Sepiola in his 1929 treatise, nor why it was referred to Inioteuthis in his 1914 work. Clearly, however, the features noted by Sasaki, 6 (2019) 2:465 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6 | www.nature.com/commsbio “the nipple-like protruberance” near the base of the hectocotylus and the “peculiar and unstalked cylindrical suckers” (Sasaki48: 137) are characteristic of Euprymna. Mature males have two rows of suckers on their arms, in contrast to the four rows typically (but not always) found among Euprymna. This has, no doubt, resulted in its misplacement in the genus Sepiola, that has continued largely without question until now. However, two rows of arm suckers are also found in E. pardalota and E. phenax. The inclusion of the E. pardalota COI sequence in our analyses (Fig. 2) confirms its position, and that of “ Sepiola ” parva in the monophyletic genus Euprymna. Optic lobe transcriptome data (Fig. 3) clearly places S. parva in the monophyletic Euprymna clade, and the pairwise synonymous substitution rate (Ks) between clades (Supplementary Fig. 1) highlights the disjunction between Euprymna and Sepiola, providing strong support for their distinct generic status. The genetic distance data fully supports the placement of S. parva in the genus Euprymna and this evidence now permits a more robust definition of the genus based on morphological characters. The hectocotylus (dorsal left arm) of Euprymna is unique among the Sepiolinae. In all genera but Euprymna, the hectocotylus is clearly tripartite, with a morphologically distinct basal part, copulatory apparatus, and distal part49,50. In contrast, in Euprymna, the hectocotylized arm has a bipartite form, with a proximal portion and a distal modified part. In Euprymna there is no distinct copulatory apparatus, instead the pedicels of the ventral suckers in the third to fourth proximal rows are modified to form 1–2 papillae in most species, sometimes bearing a vestigial sucker, whereas in all other genera the sucker pedicels forming the copulatory apparatus are more conspicuously modified (mostly horn- or hook-like). More importantly, the distal-most portion of the Euprymna hectocotylus bears deeply modified sucker-stalk elements: the stalks are columnar, i.e., thickened and lengthened, and appressed to each other to form palisades, and the sucker proper is reduced to a small opening surrounded by a chitinous rim, often covered by a fleshy cap and embedded in the columnar pedicel. On the contrary, in all other genera, the hectocotylus distal suckers are normal (in some cases some of them may be enlarged and/or their stalks slightly c Male arm crown, dorsal view, holotype 14.9 mm ML (NSMT Mo 85885), scale bar 5 mm. d Female right side (of animal) arm crown, oral view, paratype, 15.3 mm ML (NSMT Mo 85893), scale bar 2 mm. c, d Numbers 1 – 4 indicate Arms 1 – 4. e SEM Arm 4 sucker rim, paratype female, 19.5 mm ML (NSMT Mo 85889), scale bar 20 µm. f SEM enlargement of sucker rim shown in (d), scale bar 10 µm. lengthened) (Bello, submitted). The very simple copulatory apparatus of Euprymna is considered a plesiomorphic character state 51 in the Sepiolinae, placing this genus in a basal position within the subfamily36,52.Published as part of Sanchez, Gustavo, Jolly, Jeffrey, Reid, Amanda, Sugimoto, Chikatoshi, Azama, Chika, Marlétaz, Ferdinand, Simakov, Oleg & Rokhsar, Daniel S., 2019, New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis, pp. 1-15 in Communications Biology 2 (465) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6, http://zenodo.org/record/372301
Euprymna brenneri Sanchez & Jolly & Reid & Sugimoto & Azama & Marlétaz & Simakov & Rokhsar 2019, sp. nov.
No full textEuprymna brenneri sp. nov. (LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: B2D2A34E-FB8C-4D45-824E- 9530986C6D44; Figs. 1c right, 4–9; Table 1; Supplementary Fig. 1; Supplementary Tables 2 and 3, and Supplementary Data) Material examined. HOLOTYPE 1 ♂, 14.9 mm ML, immature, Okinawa, Diamond Beach in Seragaki, 26.51N, 127.88E, 26 Apr. 2016, coll. J. Jolly & O. Simakov (NSMT Mo 85885). PARA- TYPES Okinawa, Seragaki, Diamond Beach, 26.51N, 127.88E, 26 Apr. 2016, coll. J. Jolly & O. Simakov: 1 ♂, 18.8 mm ML, (NSMT Mo 85886); 1 ♂, 9.0 mm ML, immature (NSMT Mo 85887); 1 ♂, 10.6 mm ML, immature (NSMT Mo 85888); 1 ♀, 19.5 mm ML, immature (NSMT Mo 85889); 1 ♀ 11.6 mm ML, immature (NSMT Mo 85890). Okinawa, Miyagi Is, 26.38N, 127.99E, 1> 2 = 4 or 3> 2> 1 = 4 (Supplementary Table 3). Arm length index of longest arm in males (ALI3) 97.3, female (ALI3) 92.3; arm keels absent or indistinct. All arms connected by relatively shallow webs, protective membranes absent. Arm sucker pedicels without lappets. Arm suckers tetraserial, with some biserial suckers at base and at distal tips of arms; spherical on normal arms (Fig. 5c, d) (hectocotylus differs). Chitinous sucker rims: infundibulum with 3–4 rows of pavement-like processes (Fig. 5e, f), peripheral sucker rim processes wedge-shaped, rest irregular with slightly raised outer margins (Fig. 5f). Chitinous inner rim of normal arm suckers without teeth, slightly crenulated on one side (Fig. 5f). Suckers on modified region of hectocotylus with toothed margins (Figs. 6 and 5a). Males (Fig. 5c) and females (Fig. 5d) with enlarged suckers on outer row(s) of arms 3 and 4. Enlarged suckers clearly discernible in both sexes, even those of the smallest sizes (male 8.6 mm ML, female 8.5 mm ML). Male enlarged suckers larger than female arm suckers (Supplementary Table 3). Sucker counts range from 60 to 112 on each arm; Arms 2 with a greater number of suckers than other arms in both sexes. Males with arm suckers in the following variable arrangement from proximal to distal end of arm: Right Arms 1 and Arms 2: 5 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial. None enlarged. Arms 3: 5 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal arm tip with ~6 rows biserial suckers. Dorsal rows distal to sucker rows ~5–7 with 4–9 enlarged suckers interspersed at intervals with regular-sized suckers. (Larger specimens with greater number of enlarged arm suckers.) Ventral rows with ~5 enlarged suckers interspersed at intervals with regular-sized suckers. Arms 4: (Fig. 5c) 5 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal tip of arm with ~3 rows biserial suckers. Dorsal rows distal to sucker rows ~7–9 with ~3–4 enlarged suckers interspersed at intervals with regular-sized suckers. Ventral rows after sucker rows ~7–9 with ~2–7 enlarged suckers, some alternating at intervals with regular-sized suckers. Females with enlarged arm suckers in the following variable arrangement from proximal to distal end of arm: Arms 1: 4–5 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal 4 rows biserial. None enlarged. Arms 2: 2–4 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal 6 rows biserial. None enlarged. Arms 3: 5 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal tip of arm with ~8–10 rows biserial suckers. Dorsal rows without enlarged suckers. Ventral rows with ~8–13 rows of normal suckers proximally followed by ~4–5 enlarged suckers alternating at intervals (either large and small suckers alternate, or two large suckers alternate with 1–2 regular-sized suckers) toward distal half of arms. Arms 4: ~8–9 rows biserial suckers, rest tetraserial, distal tip of arm with 4–5 rows biserial suckers. Dorsal rows with enlarged suckers in rows ~11–15. Ventral rows with enlarged suckers in rows ~10–14. (2019) 2:465 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6 | www.nature.com/commsbio In both sexes the enlarged suckers on arms 3 are larger than those on arms 4 and those in the ventrolateral rows are larger than those on the dorsolateral rows. The enlarged suckers on arms 3 displace the regular-sized suckers laterally. (The arrangement of enlarged suckers varies considerably among the specimens examined and it would be useful when more material becomes available to map the arrangement of enlarged suckers in mature specimens of both sexes and over a range of specimen sizes to determine whether a clear pattern of regular and enlarged suckers can be discerned.). Left dorsal arm of males hectocotylised: from base to distal end of arm, one single sucker, ~seven transverse rows of normal tetraserial suckers, remaining suckers with swollen pedicels, that form palisade arrangement (Fig. 6), biserial with integument partially covering chitinous sucker rim in cap-like arrangement. No finger-like papillae at base of hectocotylised arm. Right dorsal arm of males with transverse rows of “normal” tetraserial suckers, with swollen pedicels. Tentacles slender, stalks naked, semicircular in section. Club relatively short; ClLI males 18.6–33.0, females 17.9–32.9, recurved in preserved specimens, tapers to blunt end distally; suckerbearing face convex. Suckers ~0.04–~ 0.08 mm diameter in center of club; arranged in ~16–24 crowded oblique rows (Fig. 7b). Swimming keel on aboral side of carpus broad, extends posteriorly well beyond carpus. Club sucker dentition (Fig. 7c, d): inner ring without teeth; infundibulum with three rows of pavementlike processes; inner rows sub-rectangular, narrowing toward central opening; middle and outer rows ovoid; irregular, with strongly crenulated and pitted surface. Well-developed light organ present overlying and associated with ink sac (Fig. 7e). Individual lobes rectangular bulb-like anteriorly, slightly enlarged; rounded posteriorly. Gills with 24–27 lamellae per demibranch. Buccal membrane with six lappets; suckers absent. Radula with seven transverse rows of teeth (Fig. 7f). Rhachidian teeth simple, without cusps, triangular, slightly concave laterally and ventrally. First lateral teeth similar in size and shape to rhachidian teeth with pointed cusps displaced laterally and directed toward midline of radula. Second and third laterals with elongate bases, longer, curved. Third laterals with scythe-like teeth, longer than second laterals. Upper beak (Fig. 7g) with pointed rostrum, hood curved, high above crest posteriorly; jaw angle approximately 90°; lateral wall edge with slight indentation. Lower beak (Fig. 7h) with blunt protruding rostrum, rostral edge obtuse, curved, without distinct inner angle; hood notch absent, wings almost straight. Distinct dark pigmentation restricted to rostrum and hood of upper and lower beaks. Gladius absent. Spermatophores (fully developed only in NSMT Mo 85891) approximately ½ mantle length. Sperm reservoir contains coiled sperm cord (Fig. 8a). Cement body unipartite; cylindrical, approximately uniform width, connects to sperm reservoir via a broad duct (Fig. 8a, b). Oral end of ejaculatory apparatus with 3–4 simple coils. Male reproductive tract similar in structure to congeners (Fig. 8c). Spermatophoric gland with very large, bulbous terminal portion. Female reproductive tract: Ovary occupies large proportion of posterior end of mantle cavity and opens via single thick-walled oviduct at anterior end on left side. Nidamental glands paired, broad, located ventral to ovary toward anterior end. Inverted brownish-colored U-shaped accessory nidamental glands located toward distal end of nidamental glands. Large sac-like bursa copulatrix on animals’ left side. Spawned eggs 4 mm diameter with jelly coat and sand, 3 mm without jelly coat. Eggs are laid in clusters of more than 100, rather than individually (Fig. 1b, Type 3). Hatchlings 2 mm ML (Fig. 9a–c, Table 1). Color. Alcohol preserved specimens cream to maroon with large deep purple spots on dorsal and ventral head and mantle; spots larger and animal darker on dorsal surface (Fig. 4a, b); few scattered chromatophores on arms. Shiny bluish iridophores on head around eyes. Fins with large spots dorsally, close to junction with mantle, otherwise chromatophores absent from fins dorsally and ventrally. Club without pigment spots. Live adults rust brown with evenly scattered, relatively small pigment spots, darkest dorsally (Fig. 1c Type 3; Fig. 9d, e). Bright bluish iridophores around eyes, along anterio-dorsal rim of mantle, and underlie pigment spots on dorsal mantle (Fig. 9e). Arms banded with regular large spots and bars along their length (Fig. 9d) that can be seen even in embryos inside the eggs (Fig. 9a). Hatchlings translucent with evenly scattered chromatophores. Juveniles dark brown. (2019) 2:465 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6 | www.nature.com/commsbio Habitat. Adults were found in sandy near-shore shallow waters, less than 2 m in depth, among corals and rocks. Eggs were found in rocky areas near coral reefs in depths of 8–18 meters. Type locality. Japan, 26.51N, 127.88E. Okinawa, Seragaki, Diamond Beach, Distribution. Japan: Okinawa Prefecture Seragaki, Diamond Beach 26.51N, 127.88E; Oura Bay, 26.53N, 127.74E; Miyagi Island, 26.38N, 127.99E; Ishigaki Island, Oganzaki 24.44N, 124.07E; and Kume Island, Northern Hatenohama Beach (26.35°N, 126.86°E) (Fig. 1). Taiwan *: off Penghu waters on the west-northern side of Sha-kang Fishing Harbor 23.60N, 119.62E. Depth range 2– 18 m. (*Based on COI obtained from a single immature specimen.) Etymology. The species is named in honor of the pioneering geneticist and Nobel Laureate Dr Sydney Brenner, founding president of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. We also propose the common name Brenner’ s bobtail in English and Buren ā -mimika in Japanese. Remarks. The largest male (22 mm ML) (and the only fully mature specimen) examined had damaged arm tips and most suckers missing. However, the arrangement of enlarged suckers was clear from the sub-mature specimens. Prior to this study fifteen species of Euprymna were recognized25, although three of these (E. bursa Pfeffer, 1884, E. pusilla Pfeffer, 1884 and E. schneehagenii Pfeffer, 1884) are considered doubtful species by Norman and Lu47. Among the nominal species of Euprymna, the species whose geographic range most closely encompasses the known range of E. brenneri includes E. berryi, which has been found in warm temperate coastal waters from China and Taiwan, south to Hong Kong and Japan 53, and E. morsei, which is sympatric with E. berryi over its range and also occurs as far south as the Philippines and Indonesia. Both, however, differ in morphology and in molecular traits (Figs. 2 and 3) from Euprymna brenneri. These three taxa (E. berryi, E. morsei and E. brenneri) differ in their COI and transcriptome signatures. Both E. berryi and E. morsei have enlarged suckers in males on the second arm pair (on the ventral (2019) 2:465 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6 | www.nature.com/commsbio margin in E. morsei and the dorsal and ventral margins in E. berryi), while E. brenneri does not. Kubodera and Okutani32 described E. megaspadicea, found in deep waters (200 m) of Nago Bay off Okinawa. While no sequence data currently exists for E. megaspadicea, it is clearly morphologically distinct from E. brenneri. In E. megaspadicea the hectocotylised arm is longer than the opposing arm, and the hectocotylus contains a sharp lateral inward groove not seen in other Euprymna species. As part of this study we examined the type specimens of E. bursa (ZMH RK 1384 and RK 1393, both females, approximately 25 mm ML and 34 mm ML respectively) from Hong Kong. Eurymna bursa differs from E. brenneri in that none of the arm suckers are enlarged (luckily these remain attached to the arms of the E. bursa types, enabling this comparison to be made). In addition, E. bursa has a greater number of arm suckers (102–128) and the median component of the funnel organ of E. bursa is spade-shaped, straight posteriorly, and not indented. (Whether E. bursa is a valid species awaits the examination of males from the type locality; here we verified that E. brenneri was not referable to this species—particularly important given their geographical proximity.) Of the remaining Euprymna species (which now also includes E. parva), the results of the COI analyses (Fig. 2) indicate that E. brenneri (i.e., Ryukyu Type 3) belongs in a clade distinct from E. berryi; E. hyllebergi; E. morsei; E. pardalota; E. scolopes, E. tasmanica, E. albatrossae Voss 1963, and Euprymna sp. Type 1. Transcriptomes separate E. brenneri from E. berryi, E. morsei, E. parva, E. scolopes, and E. tasmanica and Euprymna sp. Type 1 (Fig. 3). These differences are also supported by morphological traits: no other Euprymna taxa are yet known to include females with enlarged suckers. In addition, male E. albatrossae; E. berryi, E. megaspadicea, E. morsei, E. scolopes, E. stenodactyla Grant, 1833, and E. tasmanica have enlarged suckers on the second arm pair of males, which is not the case for E. brenneri. Euprymna brenneri does, however, have enlarged suckers on arms 3 and 4. Males and females have enlarged suckers on the ventral row of the third arm and the dorsal and ventral rows of the fourth arms, with no enlarged suckers on the first and second arms. This is the first time a female Euprymna has been identified with large suckers. Female members of this genus are notoriously difficult to identify based on morphology, so the discovery of this character is a valuable one. Of the other nominal species, the enlarged sucker arrangement in male E. brenneri is most similar to that of E. hoylei Adam, 1986, but this species (in addition to all other nominal Euprymna with the exception of E. brenneri) have 1–3 enlarged finger-like papillae on the proximal end of the hectocotylised arm. Euprymna hoylei, described from the Sulu Archipelago, like E. brenneri, has no enlarged suckers on the second arm, however, E. brenneri males possesses approximately eight very large suckers on the third arm compared to a smaller number described for E. hoylei (3–4). Female E. hoylei do not have enlarged suckers. In addition to the presence or absence of enlarged suckers on particular arms, the enlarged suckers in both sexes of E. brenneri are not located close to the base of the arms, as seems to be the case in other Euprymna species, but at some distance distal to the arm bases.Published as part of Sanchez, Gustavo, Jolly, Jeffrey, Reid, Amanda, Sugimoto, Chikatoshi, Azama, Chika, Marlétaz, Ferdinand, Simakov, Oleg & Rokhsar, Daniel S., 2019, New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis, pp. 1-15 in Communications Biology 2 (465) on pages 7-11, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6, http://zenodo.org/record/372301
Migration and Identities in Chika Unigwe’s Novels
Get PDFMonumental dispersals caused by the phenomenon of migration greatly affect the identities of people. Much like the process of globalization, migration is highly sexualized and gendered. To this extent, it is necessary to centralize women and their peculiar experiences in migration discourses and theories. Beyond the usual focus on the economics, politics and sociology of migration, which at any rate do not often adequately address gender-specific migratory experiences; this study takes a literary route that considers the fictional representations of migrant women in two of the novels of Chika Unigwe: The Phoenix (2005) and On Black Sisters’ Street (2008). The focus here is to underscore the validity and significance of gender as an imperative analytical premise in contemporary literary debates particularly by African migrants. In demonstrating how the inflections of gender portend different outcomes for men and women, the study significantly uncovers how the woman’s body is simultaneously the site of physical and symbolic migration. The essay traces the movement in transition and the impact of these and new environment on the bodies of female migrants and how the embodied motifs of migration ultimately alter the identities and realities of migrant African women in particular. In all, the essay hopes to expand some of the current theorizations on the new directions in the development of the fictional representations of Nigerian women as well as to contextualize the role of the émigré author in these developments.
THE FIRST FEMALE CHEMIST (AND PHARMACIST?) IN JAPAN: CHIKA KURODA
No full textThis paper follows a line of research started some time ago by the author with the purpose of presenting to society the biographies of women who managed to overcome the prejudices and laws in force of the time in which they lived, which prevented them from carrying out university studies, to differentiate from what happened at the same time with men. The main objective is to show the biography of Chika Kuroda, the first woman to obtain a degree in Chemistry in Japan, in the first decades of the last century and also the second woman to obtain a Ph.D. in Science in 1929 (some sources point out that she was also pharmacist, although this fact is not properly documented). The methodology used has been the search of data on this woman in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As a main result, a biography of her, as complete as possible, has been constructed. Some brief biographical data on her compatriot Kono Yasui, the first Japanese woman to receive the degree of doctor in Science are also shownTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
THE FIRST FEMALE CHEMIST (AND PHARMACIST?) IN JAPAN: CHIKA KURODA
No full textThis paper follows a line of research started some time ago by the author with the purpose of presenting to society the biographies of women who managed to overcome the prejudices and laws in force of the time in which they lived, which prevented them from carrying out university studies to different from what happened at the same time with men. The main objective is to show the biography of Chika Kuroda, the first woman to obtain a degree in Chemistry in Japan, in the first decades of the last century and also the second woman to get a Ph.D. in Science in 1929 (some sources point out that she was also pharmacist, although this fact is not properly documented). The methodology used has been the search for data on this woman in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historical archives. As a main result, a biography of her, as complete as possible, has been constructed. Some brief biographical data on her compatriot Kono Yasui, the first Japanese woman to receive the degree of doctor in Science are also shown
Euprymna , Steenstrup 1887
No full textEuprymna Steenstrup, 1887 Gender feminine. Type species, by subsequent designation, Inioteuthis morsei Verrill, 1881. Recent. Western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. Diagnosis. (Amended from Norman and Lu47 and Reid39, and after Bello, personal communication.) Broad ligament between head and mantle; commissure greater than one-third of head width. Transverse suckers in two or more rows on normal (nonhectocotylised) arms. Stalked suckers in six or more transverse rows on tentacular clubs. Left arm 1 hectocotylised in mature males; distally with lengthened, columnar sucker pedicels, closely packed to form longitudinal “palisades”, bearing at tip embedded toothed suckers that are partially covered by fleshy cap, number of palisades proximally equal to that of regular sucker rows but reduced toward distal tip of arm; pedicels not bearing discretely demarcated rounded suckers; basal part of hectocotylised arm with normal suckers and sometimes with 1–2 finger-like papillae in ventral sucker row, sometimes bearing tiny sucker(s). Enlarged arm suckers usually present in male and sometimes present in females. Paired kidney-shaped light organs in mantle cavity, ventral, and closely adherent to ink sac. Gladius absent. Remarks. Given that some Euprymna are now known to have biserial arm suckers, members of the genus Sepiola seem superficially to conform to this diagnosis. However, these two taxa (i.e., Euprymna and Sepiola) clearly differ based on molecular traits (2019) 2:465 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6 | www.nature.com/commsbio and in a number of other important characters in detail. The modification of the hectocotylus is quite distinct. In Sepiola, the hectocotylised left dorsal arm is thicker than the right and strongly recurved aborally in preserved specimens. The palisade columnar suckers in the hectocotylus distal portion are unique for Euprymna. Sepiola as well as all the other Sepiolinae genera bear regular suckers in the distal part of the hectocotylus. Some of them may be enlarged in some species, their stalks may be also lengthened and/or swollen, but no other Sepiolinae species have columnar stalks with embedded suckers at their tips. Although the suckers are positioned on enlarged and elongate pedicels in both taxa, the suckers are ovoid and discrete in Sepiola, while in Euprymna the suckers are partially capped or encased by the pedicels and the chitinous rims are usually narrow. Most remarkably, in Sepiola, instead of a finger-like papilla at the base of the hectocotylus (as seen in most Euprymna species) there is a distinct fleshy mound that may bear hook-like projections. The third arms of Sepiola males are thick and strongly curved orally in some species; in Euprymna the third arm pair of males is not swollen and recurved. Sepiola generally have two rows of suckers on each arm (as do some species of Euprymna), but some species have 4–8 rows of suckers on the distal tips of the fourth (ventralmost) arm pair. Euprymna may have two or more rows of arm suckers but if four or more rows are present, they are not confined to a single arm tip. In addition, the tentacular club is recurved and relatively short in Euprymna and longer and much less curved in Sepiola with a much narrower keel. The fins in Sepiola are large and round, while in Euprymna the fins are narrower and more elongate in outline.Published as part of Sanchez, Gustavo, Jolly, Jeffrey, Reid, Amanda, Sugimoto, Chikatoshi, Azama, Chika, Marlétaz, Ferdinand, Simakov, Oleg & Rokhsar, Daniel S., 2019, New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis, pp. 1-15 in Communications Biology 2 (465) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6, http://zenodo.org/record/372301
Identitas Diri Cowok Penggemar K-pop (Studi Pada Personal Komunitas Dance Cover K-pop Blindfold Entertainment)
Get PDFxi Abstract Self Identity Boy K-pop Fans(Study On Personal Dance Cover Community Blindfold Entertainment) Ade Chika Maylisha 159110223 As a result of the rapid development of K-pop makes K-pop fans more and more and continues to increase. K-pop fans are usually dominated by women, but apparently not a few men who like K-pop to join a community. This is what underlies the author wants to examine the Self-Identity of K-Pop Enthusiasts in the Blindfold Entertainment K-pop Dance Cover community. The purpose of this study is to find out how the process of forming self-identity and what factors drive the formation of self-identity. This research uses a qualitative approach with five informants. Data collection techniques used are, interview, observation and documentation. Through Phinney's theory of self-identity which is used by the author as a guideline to get results from research, there are three stages to understanding identity growth. The first stage is in the form of an unknown identity, where at this stage the informant does not know about K-pop. Until entering the second stage, namely the stage of searching for identity, where at this stage informants have begun to be interested, understand and begin to learn about K-pop. The last stage is the stage of attaining identity, this stage is the stage where the informant already understands about K-pop to have an achievement in the form of achievement. There are also important factors that influence the formation of self-identity in each informant, namely, society, self and mind. The author also suggests that the activities carried out by the informants still lead to positive activities and continue to be creative
Becoming One:Religion, Development, and Environmentalism in a Japanese NGO in Myanmar
No full textInternational development programs strive not only to alleviate poverty but to transform people, aid workers and recipients alike. Becoming One grapples with this process by exploring the work of OISCA*, a prominent Japanese NGO in central Myanmar. OISCA’s postwar origins at the intersection of Shinto, secularism, and rightwing politics, and its vision of inter-Asian solidarity and a sustainable future helped shape the organization’s ideology and activities. By delving into the world of its aid workers—their everyday practices, discourses, and aspirations—author Chika Watanabe seeks to understand the NGO’s political, social, and ethical effects.
At OISCA training centers, Japanese and local staff teach sustainable agricultural skills and organic farming methods to rural youth. Much of the teaching involves laboring in the fields, harvesting produce, and caring for livestock: what they can’t use themselves is sold at nearby markets. Watanabe’s detailed and multi-sited ethnography shows how Japanese and Burmese actors mobilize around the idea of “becoming one” with Mother Earth and their human counterparts within a shared communal lifestyle. By exploring the tension between intentions and political effects—spanning environmentalism, cultural-nationalist ideologies of “Japaneseness,” and aspirations to make the world a better place—Watanabe highlights fascinating questions and both positive and negative outcomes.
Becoming One weaves together vivid descriptions of the intensive, intimate, and “muddy labor” of “making persons” (hitozukuri) with the wider historical resonances of these efforts, decentering common understandings of development, NGOs, and their moral and political promises. This engaging and thought-provoking book combines insights from anthropology, development studies, and religious studies to add to our understanding of modern Japan.
*Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement
The open-access edition of this title was made possible with generous support from the University of Manchester.The open-access edition of this title was made possible with generous support from the University of Manchester
An analysis of Georgia's energy demand (a case study of gasoline and residential demand for electricity): a quantitative approach, 1985
No full textThis thesis analyzed Georgia's pre and post embargo consumption of gasoline and residential electricity from 1960 to 1982 to determine: 1) if the structure of gasoline demand was stable; 2) to investigate the arguments for conservation; and 3) to ascertain that the pricing mechanism is indeed able to adjust consumption to levels of supply. Elasticities were computed and they were used to address simple tax issues. The study was significant for several reasons: 1) it is the first ever known study of its kind done on Georgia; 2) Georgia has a ninety five percent dependence rate on other states and foreign countries (indirectly) for her supply of energy resources; 3) the impact of the oil embargo on consumption, prices and the economy at large is necessary both as a post moterm and for future policy decisions. The results overwhelmingly favored stability in the structure of these demands. As such, the restricted model was valid for any projections and conclusions. The short-term price and income elasticities for gasoline were .30 and .06 and the long-term coefficients were 1.5 and .20 respectively. For electricity, the short-term price and income elasticities were .22 and .37 and the long-term estimates were .81 and 1.33 respectively. The weather variables were very inelastic. All coefficients were significant by the usual criteria. With inelastic demands for these energy resources, taxation seemed a welcome proposition for controlling prices and consumption and for generating revenue. However, it is only to the extent that other monetary, fiscal and economic objectives of the government are not jeopardized. Thus, the arguments for conservation holds to a good degree. A hybrid of a comprehensive tax-pricing policy and conservation efforts is necessary for stability in the energy sector
On Writing Transnational Migration in On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and Better Never Than Late (2019): An Interview with Chika Unigwe
Get PDFThis interview with Nigerian writer Chika Unigwe, conducted in early 2020, addresses the ethics and aesthetics of representing sex trafficking and transnational migration in her award-winning novel On Black Sisters’ Street (2009) and her latest short story collection Better Never Than Late, which appeared in the US in 2020. The author discusses the discourse on migration and trafficking in both works, bringing much-needed nuance to the conversation. She pays particular attention to issues of “agency” and “vulnerability”, as well as authenticity, stereotyping, the “white gaze”, the publishing industry, and the recent controversy on Jeanine Cummins’s American Dirt (2020). Drawing from her own personal story, Unigwe also talks in depth about the stylistic choices she made in depicting the immigrant experience in the global north and the difficulty of representing rape and trauma in fiction
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