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Figure 1 in Capybaras (Rodentia: Cavidae) in highlands: environmental variables related to distribution, and herbivory effects on a common plant species
No full textFigure 1. Study area showing the sampled sites (red circles) for capybara occurrence. The yellow line indicates the perimeter of Itatiaia National Park, located in the south-eastern region of Brazil.Published as part of Ramos, Yan Gabriel Celli, Aximoff, Izar Araujo & Rosa, Clarissa Alves da, 2018, Capybaras (Rodentia: Cavidae) in highlands: environmental variables related to distribution, and herbivory effects on a common plant species, pp. 1801-1815 in Journal of Natural History 52 (27-28) on page 1804, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1492749, http://zenodo.org/record/517509
O que perdemos com a passagem do fogo pelos campos de altitude do estado do Rio de Janeiro?
Get PDFA presença do fogo nos campos de altitude do estado do Rio de Janeiro e as espécies ameaçadas de extinção presentes neste ecossistema foram estudados. O regime do fogo é apresentado associado às áreas e componentes de fauna e flora atingidos. Foram também analisados os registros dos agentes causadores e as causas, o quantitativo de bombeiros e brigadistas, os gastos e demais informações sobre o combate. Em especial, são apresentadas informações sobre o fogo nos campos de altitude do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e também das espécies ameaçadas que existem nesta Unidade de Conservação. Os resultados apontam que cerca de 15% do total de ocorrências de incêndio nas UC do estado (841 incêndios desde a criação das UC até o momento) foram em áreas acima de 1600m de altitude. Mais de 70% dos incêndios foram nos campos de altitude do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Nesta UC existem 35 espécies classificadas a nível nacional como ameaçadas de extinção e que só existem em Itatiaia. Este valor corresponde a 30% das espécies ameaçadas com ocorrência para os campos de altitude do estado. Algumas espécies ameaçadas e não tolerantes ao fogo estão com populações reduzidas por conta do impacto deste distúrbio, causado quase que totalmente pelo homem, responsável por 97% dos incêndios com agente causador conhecido. Apenas 0,5% das ocorrências são tidas como de origens naturais. Os impactos do fogo sobre a biota ameaçada de extinção e que não tolera o fogo não pode continuar.
Palavras-chave: campos de altitude; espécies ameaçadas; fogo; Itatiaia; Rio de Janeiro
CONFIRMAÇÃO DA OCORRÊNCIA DO MURIQUI-DO-NORTE E REGISTROS DO BUGIO-RUIVO (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO ITATIAIA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Get PDFCONFIRMATION OF THE OCCURRENCE OF THE NORTHERN MURIQUI (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) IN THE ITATIAIA NATIONAK PARK, RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, SOUTHEAST OF BRAZIL The occurrence of Brachyteles in Itatiaia National Park (PNI) has been known for over 70 years. However, species identification is doubtful due to taxonomic divergence in publications and the lack of photographic records. In this work, we present photographic records that confirm definitively the presence of Brachyteles hypoxanthus in PNI. Among our findings is the record of occurrence in higher altitude for the species (1.823m) and the identification of two groups of B. hypoxanthus with more than 15 individuals each. Our results extend the southern limit of occurrence of the northern muriqui formerly southeastern state of Minas Gerais and now limits to the southwest of the State of Rio de Janeiro, which happens to be the one to take responsibility for conservation two species of muriqui in their territory. Apesar da ocorrência de espécimes do Brachyteles no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (PNI) ser conhecida há mais de 70 anos, o uso de diferentes nomes específicos empregados em publicações e a ausência de registros fotográficos deixaram dúvidas a respeito de qual espécie ocorre nesta área. Aqui nós obtivemos registros fotográficos que confirmam definitivamente que Brachyteles hypoxanthus está presente no PNI e registramos também a anomalia na coloração da pelagem de uma fêmea adulta de A. clamitans. Postulamos que esta anomalia tenha relação com a baixa probabilidade de imigração, que pode aumentar as chances de cruzamentos endogâmicos, facilitando então a expressão de alelos raros. Foram identificados até o momento apenas um grupo de A. clamitans com cinco indivíduos, além de dois grupos de B. hypoxanthus com mais de 15 indivíduos cada, ocupando a área amostrada. Ações de proteção, monitoramento e manejo destas espécies são necessárias para garantir a existência em longo prazo destas populações classificadas como espécies chave para a conservação da paisagem
Data Walker 1862
No full textData collection To assess the environmental variables related to the occurrence of capybara in high-altitude grasslands, we sampled 15 sites, spaced 600 to 1000 m apart, located in valleys with permanent water bodies, between 2280 and 2520 m altitude along the Aiuruoca and Campo Belo river basins (Figure 1). We conducted six bimonthly sampling campaigns between July 2014 and June 2015. In each sampling site, one observer performed an active search for 30 minutes for evidence of capybara presence, seeking to register capybara ‘tracks’ (e.g. footprint, faeces; Figure 2b and c). We choose 30 minutes of search because it is the average time spent to cover the entire valley of each sampling point (~3 ha). We chose to evaluate capybara occurrence using indirect tracks, and standardised by time, because our sampling sites were difficult to access and seasonally flooded, which did not allow us to set a fixed radius or transect. We did not perform direct counts because we believe the species presents a low density in our study area and individuals are rarely observed. In fact, we did not observe any capybara individuals. We evaluated three environmental variables that may influence capybara distribution: the river basin (Aiuruoca and Campo Belo rivers), soil cover and vegetation structure. We categorised the soil cover and vegetation structure of each sampled site in the field, according to the method of Sanguinetti and Kitzberger (2010). We divided the soil cover into three categories: (1) dry rocky areas (high-altitude grasslands with rocky and dry areas); (2) waterlogged rocky areas (high-altitude grasslands with rocky areas and flooded at least 8 months per year); (3) waterlogged areas (high-altitude grasslands without rocky areas and flooded during at least 8 months per year). We divided the vegetation structure into two categories: (1) low (forbs and grasses); and (2) medium (shrubs and bamboo thickets). From July 2013 to June 2014, we evaluated the effects of capybara herbivory on all reproductive stages of A. polyanthus in one of the largest marshes in the region, with around 2 ha of flooded area in the summer, situated at 2500 m asl. In a previous visit to the sampling area, we noticed that capybara herbivory was restricted to the vicinity of the flooded area. We therefore restricted our sampling to a 50-m radius around the freshwater marsh, where we recorded the number of rosettes of A. polyanthus, the proportion of those that underwent herbivory (we considered damaged rosettes those having at least 1/3 of the leaves with damage suffered by herbivory; Figure 2d), and the proportion of those that had not undergone herbivory (intact rosettes; Figure 2e). To assess the reproductive phenology of A. polyanthus, we counted the number of flowering and fruiting rosettes during 1 year (Figure 2f; Freitas and Sazima 2006) during the monthly sampling. To study the effects of herbivory on reproductive phenology of A. polyanthus, we counted the number of damaged and intact rosettes that were in flower. Each rosette of A. polyanthus has 33 umbels on average (Trovó et al. 2008); however, we discovered during field sampling that some damaged rosettes had only one umbel (Figure 2g). We classified this as anomalous and counted the number of damaged rosettes with anomalies.Published as part of Ramos, Yan Gabriel Celli, Aximoff, Izar Araujo & Rosa, Clarissa Alves da, 2018, Capybaras (Rodentia: Cavidae) in highlands: environmental variables related to distribution, and herbivory effects on a common plant species, pp. 1801-1815 in Journal of Natural History 52 (27 - 28) on pages 1804-1806, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1492749, http://zenodo.org/record/517509
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Medium and large-sized mammals in a fragment of Cerrado in Sierra Dos Pireneus, Central Brazil
Get PDFThe degradation of the Cerrado ecoregion constitutes one of the greatest threats to mammals in Brazil. Effective conservation requires the identification of impacted species, particularly in unprotected areas. We report the species richness and composition of medium- and large-sized mammals in a Cerrado fragment in the state of Goiás, between July 2017 and August 2021. The sampling effort comprised 648 active search hours and 5,670 camera-trap-days. We recorded 32 species, among them, eight threatened. Rare species, such as Leopardus wiedii, were observed. Tapirus terrestris was the most frequent species (N = 34), and Carnivora was the most represented order (13 species). Species richness (36) was the highest recorded in Goiás in medium and large-sized mammal surveys. The recorded species, which include endangered and large predator species, are under anthropic pressure, requiring short-term and long-term conservation actions
Biologia, arte e conservação: o tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) e o audiovisual como ferramenta de divulgação científica e Educação Ambiental
No full textO presente trabalho buscou promover uma síntese dos conhecimentos existentes acerca
do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) a partir bibliografias da
área, de forma a resultar numa revisão bibliográfica sobre a espécie. Sendo uma espécie guardachuva, amplamente conhecida e ameaçada de extinção, o levantamento bibliográfico sobre a
espécie contribuiu para a elaboração do roteiro do documentário intitulado O Tamanduá e a
Serra, que tem por objetivo sensibilizar, ensinar, mostrar e agregar conhecimento sobre o
tamanduá-bandeira e a conservação de fauna no país, seguindo os princípios da Educação
Ambiental Crítica. A narrativa do documentário é feita no Parque Nacional da Serra da
Canastra, em Minas Gerais, uma das mais importantes Unidades de Conservação do país, além
de um dos maiores refúgios do tamanduá-bandeira. O parque tem como bioma predominante o
Cerrado: um dos 36 hotspots globais. Categorizado como um média-metragem, esta produção,
feita no Laboratório de Registro Audiovisual da Fauna Brasileira, do Projeto Fauna Brasil,
também tem como princípio o fortalecimento do campo da Divulgação Científica, levando o
conhecimento para os espaços formais e não formais de educação, na tentativa de fortalecer a
Educação Ambiental não somente nas escolas. Este trabalho buscou unir, em toda a sua
produção, as diversas vertentes, questionamentos, princípios e conteúdos dos três campos de
conhecimento principais abordados, sendo a Zoologia, a Educação Ambiental e a Divulgação
Científica.The present work sought to promote a synthesis of the existing knowledge about the
giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758), from bibliographies in the area, in
order to result in a bibliographic review on the species. As an umbrela species, well-known and
endangered species, the bibliographic contributed to the elaboration of the script for the
documentary entitled O Tamanduá e a Serra (The Anteater and the Sierra), which aims to raise
awareness, teach, show and to add knowledge about the giant anteater and the conservation of
fauna in the country, following the principles of Critical Environmental Education. The
documentary's narrative is made in the Serra da Canastra National Park, in Minas Gerais, one
of the most important Conservation Units in the country, as well as one of the biggest refuges
for the giant anteater. The park's predominant biome is the Cerrado: one of the 36 global
hotspots. Categorized as a medium-length documentary, this production, made at the Brazilian
Fauna Audiovisual Record Laboratory, of the Fauna Brasil Project, also has as its principle the
strengthening of the field of Scientific Dissemination, taking knowledge to formal and non-
formal spaces of education, in an attempt to strengthen Environmental Education not only in
schools. This work sought to unite, throughout its production, the various aspects, questions,
principles and contents of the three main fields of knowledge addressed, being Zoology,
Environmental Education and Scientific Dissemination.42 f
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