1,720,963 research outputs found
Torquing patients into data:enactments of care about, for and through medical data in algorithmic systems
No full textThe increasing digitisation of healthcare services has transformed healthcare provision into a data-centric enterprise. Thinking with Joan Tronto and her notion of care, we study medical data practices in the context of a health-tech company developing an algorithmically driven platform to match patients and their physicians with clinical trials. What does it mean to pose the patient in the centre in such a context? In this paper, we show how the enactments of patient-centrism translate to multidimensional enactments of data care for a diversity of domain experts handling medical data, informed by the values and backgrounds of each ‘data handler’ situated within the concerns of their domain expertise. Where data experts engage solely with the patients’ data to facilitate data creation for the platform’s algorithmic system, the quest for data quality depends on the preceding practices of care and affective labour about and for the patients. We show how patients get help to torque their medical records and histories into data to fit the demands of the system to ensure access to experimental treatments and clinical trials. We demonstrate how patient-centrism manifests as care for data quality, shaped throughout by differentiated concerns for regulatory compliance. Finally, we argue that regulatory compliance constitutes a care practice across data work that is diversified in its enactments by the experts’ domain concerns and backgrounds.</p
Para uma cosmopolítica dos comuns: entrevista com Christian Laval / Towards a cosmopolitics of the commons: an interview with Christian Laval
No full textEntrevista com o sociólogo francês Christian Laval, docente da Universidade Paris-Nanterre. Laval colabora frequentemente com jornais na França e no exterior, escrevendo sobre política e movimentos sociais. Autor de obras de referência em sociologia da educação, filosofia política, história da educação e teoria sociológica, nesta entrevista o autor discute alguns conceitos e abordagens centrais de suas pesquisas a partir de uma interpretação da conjuntura política e das transformações do capitalismo nas últimas três décadas. A entrevista foi concebida e organizada em inglês e em francês, entre abril e junho de 2019, pelo pesquisador brasileiro Felipe Ziotti Narita e pela pesquisadora grega Natalia-Rozalia Avlona. Tradução: Felipe Ziotti Narita.An interview with French sociologist Christian Laval. Laval is professor of sociology at the Paris Nanterre University (France) and often contributes to newspapers in France and elsewhere analyzing political issues and social movements. Among his works in the sociology of education, the books "L’École n’est pas une entreprise" (2004) and "La nouvelle école capitaliste" (2011) are important references. With Pierre Dardot, he is the author of "La nouvelle raison du monde" (2009), "Commun" (2014), and "Ce cauchemar qui n’en finit pas" (2016). The interview was organized and conducted in English and French by Felipe Ziotti Narita (São Paulo State University - Unesp) and Natalia-Rozalia Avlona (National Technical University of Athens / Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy). Translation: Felipe Ziotti Narita
The Regulatory Context and Legal Evolution: The Cases of Airbnb and Uber
No full textWhilst sharing economy has been enjoying increasing popularity worldwide over the last decade; its legal definition has been debatable. This is aligning with the fact that the European Union has not provided the legal framework for the sharing economy yet, apart from a European Commission Communication from 2016. This Communication seeks a balance between the support of a Digital Single Market in the EU and the protection of the consumers’ rights and leaves a broad space for national legislations to respond to the phenomenon of sharing economy. The aim of this chapter is to address these issues within the framework of two sharing economy case studies: Airbnb and Uber as the only source at the EU level of applicable law besides the EC Communication.</p
Experiências populares radicais, precariedade, gênero e covid-19 no ensino superior: entrevista com Mariya Ivancheva
Full text linkMARIYA IVANCHEVA é professora de estudos em ensino superior na Universidade de Liverpool (Inglaterra). Seus trabalhos analisam o papel da universidade em processos de mudança social, combinando métodos qualitativos e teoria social para discutir o impacto das tecnologias digitais no trabalho acadêmico, precariedade, gênero e mercantilização das instituições acadêmicas. Como socióloga e antropóloga, Ivancheva estudou a Universidade Bolivariana da Venezuela e tem um livro em fase final de preparação (The Alternative University in Question: Lessons from Bolivarian Venezuela). Convidamos Ivancheva para discutir, sobretudo, o cenário do ensino superior e as experiências radicais populares na América Latina, sem perder de vista o quadro mais amplo das políticas de ensino superior e do lugar da universidade no capitalismo globalizado. A entrevista, realizada em setembro de 2020, foi organizada pela pesquisadora grega Natalia-Rozalia Avlona e pelo pesquisador brasileiro Felipe Ziotti Narita. A conversa foi traduzida ao português por Felipe Ziotti Narita
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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