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Smartphone use by young adults : collaborative practices of (dis-/re-)engagement in face-to-face interaction
Full text linkAbstract
This dissertation, accompanied by four original articles, examines how young adults use smartphones in everyday face-to-face interactions. Drawing on video-recorded data and ethnomethodological conversation analysis, this thesis uncovers intricate layers of complexity inherent in seemingly simple activities involving smartphones. There is a common thread across all the articles: When used in co-presence with other participants, smartphones are much more than “single-user devices”. Each article explores the collaborative nature of smartphone use while focusing on a specific device-related activity or practice.
Article I explores the accountability of smartphone-related (dis)engagements, examining how participants navigate the limited observability of onscreen actions during face-to-face interactions. Article II focuses on the accomplishment of joint smartphone use and investigates how participants manage contingencies linked to multiparty settings and the device’s affordances in the context of digital content sharing. Article III shifts the focus to the management of multiple involvements in the context of individual divergent smartphone use, highlighting the situated and collaborative nature of activity prioritisation. Finally, Article IV examines how participants manage the potential disruptive effects of smartphone use in situ and how smartphone users are re-engaged into joint interaction.
This thesis contributes to research on technology use in collocated interactions by elucidating the situated and collaborative aspects of smartphone-related activities and practices. It emphasises that smartphone use, including divergent device use, is a collaborative achievement involving all co-present participants. The dissertation also suggests ways in which design can support and align with participants’ existing practices of (dis-/re-)engagement in interactions involving smartphone use. Original papers Avgustis, I., Ibnelkaïd, S., & Iivari, N. (2024). Occupying another’s digital space: Privacy of smartphone users as a situated practice. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-024-09492-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-024-09492-z Self-archived version Avgustis, I., & Oloff, F. (2023). Getting (Others) involved with smartphones: Participation in showing sequences in multiparty settings. In P. Haddington, T. Eilittä, A. Kamunen, L. Kohonen-Aho, I. Rautiainen, & A. Vatanen (Eds.), Complexity of Interaction (pp. 297–345). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30727-0_9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30727-0_9 Avgustis, I., & Oloff, F. (2023). Mundane food photography: Managing multiple involvements in the context of self-initiated smartphone use. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i2.125292 https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i2.125292 Self-archived version Avgustis, I. (2023). Respecifying phubbing: Video-based analysis of smartphone use in co-present interactions. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581052 https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581052 Tiivistelmä
Tämä väitöskirja koostuu neljästä osajulkaisusta, joissa tarkastellaan älypuhelinten käyttöä jokapäiväisessä kasvokkain tapahtuvassa vuorovaikutuksessa. Väitöskirjatutkimus perustuu videoaineistoihin, joita on analysoitu etnometodologisen keskustelunanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkimus tuo esiin, että älypuhelimien käyttöön liittyvät näennäisen yksinkertaiset toiminnot ovat monitahoisia ja monikerroksisia. Kaikkia osatutkimuksia yhdistää havainto siitä, että kun älypuhelimia käytetään kasvokkaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa, ne ovat paljon muutakin kuin “yhden käyttäjän laitteita”. Osatutkimuksissa analysoidaan älypuhelimen käytön yhteistoiminnallista luonnetta erilaisiin vuorovaikutusilmiöihin keskittyen.
Artikkelissa I tarkastellaan älypuhelimiin liittyvien irrottautumisten selontekovelvollisuutta ja tutkitaan, miten osallistujat selviytyvät näytöllä tapahtuvien toimintojen rajallisesta havainnoitavuudesta kasvokkain tapahtuvan vuorovaikutuksen aikana. Artikkelissa II tutkitaan älypuhelimen yhteiskäytön toteutumista. Analyysi keskittyy siihen, miten osallistujat käsittelevät monenkeskisen vuorovaikutustilanteen osallistumiskehikkoon sekä laitteen affordansseihin liittyviä epävarmuustekijöitä digitaalisen sisällön näyttämisen yhteydessä. Artikkelissa III keskitytään monitoimintatilanteisiin ja erityisesti hetkiin, joissa yksi vuorovaikutuksen osapuolista käyttää itsenäisesti älypuhelinta. Artikkelissa korostetaan eri toimintalinjojen priorisoinnin tilannesidonnaista ja yhteistoiminnallista luonnetta. Artikkelissa IV tarkastellaan, miten osallistujat hallitsevat tilanteisesti älypuhelimen käytön mahdollisia häiritseviä vaikutuksia ja miten älypuhelimen käyttäjät otetaan uudelleen mukaan vuorovaikutukseen.
Väitöskirja kontribuoi teknologian käytön tutkimukseen kasvokkaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa selvittämällä älypuhelimen käytön tilannekohtaisuutta ja yhteistoiminnallisuutta. Analyyseissa korostuu havainto siitä, että älypuhelinten käyttö kasvokkaisessa vuorovaikutuksessa on yhteistoiminnallinen saavutus. Väitöskirjassa tuodaan esiin ideoita siihen, miten älypuhelinten suunnittelu voisi tukea osallistujien nykyisiä käytänteitä esimerkiksi keskusteluista irrottautumiseen ja niihin (uudelleen)osallistumiseen älypuhelimen käyttöön liittyvissä vuorovaikutustilanteissa. Osajulkaisut Avgustis, I., Ibnelkaïd, S., & Iivari, N. (2024). Occupying another’s digital space: Privacy of smartphone users as a situated practice. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-024-09492-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-024-09492-z Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Avgustis, I., & Oloff, F. (2023). Getting (Others) involved with smartphones: Participation in showing sequences in multiparty settings. In P. Haddington, T. Eilittä, A. Kamunen, L. Kohonen-Aho, I. Rautiainen, & A. Vatanen (Eds.), Complexity of Interaction (pp. 297–345). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30727-0_9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30727-0_9 Avgustis, I., & Oloff, F. (2023). Mundane food photography: Managing multiple involvements in the context of self-initiated smartphone use. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i2.125292 https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i2.125292 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Avgustis, I. (2023). Respecifying phubbing: Video-based analysis of smartphone use in co-present interactions. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581052 https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581052 Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP auditorium (L10), Linnanmaa, on 30 August 2024, at 12 noonAbstract
This dissertation, accompanied by four original articles, examines how young adults use smartphones in everyday face-to-face interactions. Drawing on video-recorded data and ethnomethodological conversation analysis, this thesis uncovers intricate layers of complexity inherent in seemingly simple activities involving smartphones. There is a common thread across all the articles: When used in co-presence with other participants, smartphones are much more than “single-user devices”. Each article explores the collaborative nature of smartphone use while focusing on a specific device-related activity or practice.
Article I explores the accountability of smartphone-related (dis)engagements, examining how participants navigate the limited observability of onscreen actions during face-to-face interactions. Article II focuses on the accomplishment of joint smartphone use and investigates how participants manage contingencies linked to multiparty settings and the device’s affordances in the context of digital content sharing. Article III shifts the focus to the management of multiple involvements in the context of individual divergent smartphone use, highlighting the situated and collaborative nature of activity prioritisation. Finally, Article IV examines how participants manage the potential disruptive effects of smartphone use in situ and how smartphone users are re-engaged into joint interaction.
This thesis contributes to research on technology use in collocated interactions by elucidating the situated and collaborative aspects of smartphone-related activities and practices. It emphasises that smartphone use, including divergent device use, is a collaborative achievement involving all co-present participants. The dissertation also suggests ways in which design can support and align with participants’ existing practices of (dis-/re-)engagement in interactions involving smartphone use.Tiivistelmä
Tämä väitöskirja koostuu neljästä osajulkaisusta, joissa tarkastellaan älypuhelinten käyttöä jokapäiväisessä kasvokkain tapahtuvassa vuorovaikutuksessa. Väitöskirjatutkimus perustuu videoaineistoihin, joita on analysoitu etnometodologisen keskustelunanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkimus tuo esiin, että älypuhelimien käyttöön liittyvät näennäisen yksinkertaiset toiminnot ovat monitahoisia ja monikerroksisia. Kaikkia osatutkimuksia yhdistää havainto siitä, että kun älypuhelimia käytetään kasvokkaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa, ne ovat paljon muutakin kuin “yhden käyttäjän laitteita”. Osatutkimuksissa analysoidaan älypuhelimen käytön yhteistoiminnallista luonnetta erilaisiin vuorovaikutusilmiöihin keskittyen.
Artikkelissa I tarkastellaan älypuhelimiin liittyvien irrottautumisten selontekovelvollisuutta ja tutkitaan, miten osallistujat selviytyvät näytöllä tapahtuvien toimintojen rajallisesta havainnoitavuudesta kasvokkain tapahtuvan vuorovaikutuksen aikana. Artikkelissa II tutkitaan älypuhelimen yhteiskäytön toteutumista. Analyysi keskittyy siihen, miten osallistujat käsittelevät monenkeskisen vuorovaikutustilanteen osallistumiskehikkoon sekä laitteen affordansseihin liittyviä epävarmuustekijöitä digitaalisen sisällön näyttämisen yhteydessä. Artikkelissa III keskitytään monitoimintatilanteisiin ja erityisesti hetkiin, joissa yksi vuorovaikutuksen osapuolista käyttää itsenäisesti älypuhelinta. Artikkelissa korostetaan eri toimintalinjojen priorisoinnin tilannesidonnaista ja yhteistoiminnallista luonnetta. Artikkelissa IV tarkastellaan, miten osallistujat hallitsevat tilanteisesti älypuhelimen käytön mahdollisia häiritseviä vaikutuksia ja miten älypuhelimen käyttäjät otetaan uudelleen mukaan vuorovaikutukseen.
Väitöskirja kontribuoi teknologian käytön tutkimukseen kasvokkaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa selvittämällä älypuhelimen käytön tilannekohtaisuutta ja yhteistoiminnallisuutta. Analyyseissa korostuu havainto siitä, että älypuhelinten käyttö kasvokkaisessa vuorovaikutuksessa on yhteistoiminnallinen saavutus. Väitöskirjassa tuodaan esiin ideoita siihen, miten älypuhelinten suunnittelu voisi tukea osallistujien nykyisiä käytänteitä esimerkiksi keskusteluista irrottautumiseen ja niihin (uudelleen)osallistumiseen älypuhelimen käyttöön liittyvissä vuorovaikutustilanteissa
Respecifying Phubbing: Video-Based Analysis of Smartphone Use in Co-Present Interactions
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The concept of phubbing (generally defined as a practice of ignoring co-present others by focusing on one's mobile device) is now widely used in studies aiming to understand the effects of smartphone use on co-present interactions. However, most of these studies are quantitative in nature and fail to grasp the interactional context of smartphone use. Drawing on video recordings and utilizing multimodal interaction analysis, the present study examines phubbing in naturally occurring interactions among young adults. Contrary to most previous research, the analysis reveals that disengagement often precedes self-initiated smartphone use rather than follows it. The study identifies factors that affect whether phubbing is reciprocated and whether it is oriented to as problematic. As a result of the analysis, an alternative conceptualization of phubbing is offered. By reflecting on participants’ ways of managing phubbing and its consequences, we discuss design solutions for supporting them in this task.Abstract
The concept of phubbing (generally defined as a practice of ignoring co-present others by focusing on one's mobile device) is now widely used in studies aiming to understand the effects of smartphone use on co-present interactions. However, most of these studies are quantitative in nature and fail to grasp the interactional context of smartphone use. Drawing on video recordings and utilizing multimodal interaction analysis, the present study examines phubbing in naturally occurring interactions among young adults. Contrary to most previous research, the analysis reveals that disengagement often precedes self-initiated smartphone use rather than follows it. The study identifies factors that affect whether phubbing is reciprocated and whether it is oriented to as problematic. As a result of the analysis, an alternative conceptualization of phubbing is offered. By reflecting on participants’ ways of managing phubbing and its consequences, we discuss design solutions for supporting them in this task
Collecting and analysing multi-source video data. Grasping the opacity of smartphone use in face-to-face encounters
No full textThe ubiquity of smartphones has been recognised within conversation analysis as having an impact on conversational structures and on the participants’ interactional involvement. However, most of the previous studies have relied exclusively on video recordings of overall encounters and have not systematically considered what is taking place on the device. Due to the personal nature of smartphones and their small displays, onscreen activities are of limited visibility and are thus potentially opaque for both the co-present participants (“participant opacity”) and the researchers (“analytical opacity”). While opacity can be an inherent feature of smartphones in general, analytical opacity might not be desirable for research purposes. This chapter discusses how a recording set-up consisting of static cameras, wearable cameras and dynamic screen captures allowed us to address the analytical opacity of mobile devices. Excerpts from multi-source video data of everyday encounters will illustrate how the combination of multiple perspectives can increase the visibility of interactional phenomena, reveal new analytical objects and improve analytical granularity. More specifically, these examples will emphasise the analytical advantages and challenges of a combined recording set-up with regard to smartphone use as multiactivity, the role of the affordances of the mobile device, and the prototypicality and “naturalness” of the recorded practices
Collecting and analysing multi-source video data: Grasping the opacity of smartphone use in face-to-face encounters
Full text linkAbstract
The ubiquity of smartphones has been recognised within conversation analysis as having an impact on conversational structures and on the participants’ interactional involvement. However, most of the previous studies have relied exclusively on video recordings of overall encounters and have not systematically considered what is taking place on the device. Due to the personal nature of smartphones and their small displays, onscreen activities are of limited visibility and are thus potentially opaque for both the co-present participants (“participant opacity”) and the researchers (“analytical opacity”). While opacity can be an inherent feature of smartphones in general, analytical opacity might not be desirable for research purposes. This chapter discusses how a recording set-up consisting of static cameras, wearable cameras and dynamic screen captures allowed us to address the analytical opacity of mobile devices. Excerpts from multi-source video data of everyday encounters will illustrate how the combination of multiple perspectives can increase the visibility of interactional phenomena, reveal new analytical objects and improve analytical granularity. More specifically, these examples will emphasise the analytical advantages and challenges of a combined recording set-up with regard to smartphone use as multiactivity, the role of the affordances of the mobile device, and the prototypicality and “naturalness” of the recorded practices.Abstract
The ubiquity of smartphones has been recognised within conversation analysis as having an impact on conversational structures and on the participants’ interactional involvement. However, most of the previous studies have relied exclusively on video recordings of overall encounters and have not systematically considered what is taking place on the device. Due to the personal nature of smartphones and their small displays, onscreen activities are of limited visibility and are thus potentially opaque for both the co-present participants (“participant opacity”) and the researchers (“analytical opacity”). While opacity can be an inherent feature of smartphones in general, analytical opacity might not be desirable for research purposes. This chapter discusses how a recording set-up consisting of static cameras, wearable cameras and dynamic screen captures allowed us to address the analytical opacity of mobile devices. Excerpts from multi-source video data of everyday encounters will illustrate how the combination of multiple perspectives can increase the visibility of interactional phenomena, reveal new analytical objects and improve analytical granularity. More specifically, these examples will emphasise the analytical advantages and challenges of a combined recording set-up with regard to smartphone use as multiactivity, the role of the affordances of the mobile device, and the prototypicality and “naturalness” of the recorded practices
Getting (others) involved with smartphones: participation in showing sequences in multiparty settings
Full text linkIn this chapter, we will investigate smartphone-based showing sequences in everyday social encounters, that is, moments in which a personal mobile device is used for presenting (audio-)visual content to co-present participants. Despite a growing interest in object-centred sequences and mundane technology use, detailed accounts of the sequential, multimodal, and material dimensions of showing sequences are lacking. Based on video data of social interactions in different languages and on the framework of multimodal interaction analysis, this chapter will explore the link between mobile device use and social practices. We will analyse how smartphone showers and their recipients coordinate the manipulation of a technological object with multiple courses of action, and reflect upon the fundamental complexity of this by-now routine joint activity
Situated Agency in Digitally Artifacted Social Interactions: Introduction to the Special Issue
No full textThis special issue brings together video-based studies on the local accomplishment of human and non-human agency in digitally artifacted social interactions. It seeks to overcome the dual ontological approach to agency by observing its situated, multimodal, and dynamic enactment by interactants. This gathered body of research explores the notion of situated agency through various lenses. Contributions to this issue can be split into four groups: human-chatbot interactions (smart speakers and service telephone chatbots), human-robot interactions (social robots and robots in educational settings), interactions with digital technologies in specific contexts (autonomous cars and pedestrians, virtual reality and atypical users), and face-to-face human interactions involving the use of digital devices in mundane settings
Mundane Food Photography: Managing Multiple Involvements in the Context of Self-Initiated Smartphone Use
No full textThis article investigates mundane photo taking practices with personal mobile devices in the co-presence of others, as well as “divergent” self-initiated smartphone use, thereby exploring the impact of everyday technologies on social interaction. Utilizing multimodal conversation analysis, we examined sequences in which young adults take pictures of food and drinks in restaurants and cafés. Although everyday interactions are abundant in opportunities for accomplishing food photography as a side activity, our data show that taking pictures is also often prioritized over other activities. Through a detailed sequential analysis of video recordings and dynamic screen captures of mobile devices, we illustrate how photographers orient to the momentary opportunities for and relevance of photo taking, that is, how they systematically organize their photographing with respect to the ongoing social encounter and the (projected) changes in the material environment. We investigate how the participants multimodally negotiate the “mainness” and “sideness” (Mondada, 2014) of situated food photography and describe some particular features of participants’ conduct in moments of mundane multiactivity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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