177,049 research outputs found
Sphingosine mediates TNFα-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ensuing programmed cell death in hepatoma cells
No full textNormally, cell proliferation and death are carefully balanced in higher eukaryotes, but one of the most important regulatory mechanisms, apoptosis, is upset in many malignancies, including hepatocellular-derived ones. Therefore, reinforcing cell death often is mandatory in anticancer therapy. We previously reported that a combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and cycloheximide (CHX) efficiently kill HTC cells, a rat hepatoma line, in an apoptosis-like mode. Death is actively mediated by the lysosomal compartment, although lysosomal ceramide was previously shown not to be directly implicated in this process. In the present study, we show that TNF/CHX increase lysosomal ceramide that is subsequently converted into sphingosine. Although ceramide accumulation does not significantly alter the acidic compartment, the sphingosine therein generated causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) followed by relocation of lysosomal cathepsins to the cytoplasm. TNF/CHX-induced LMP is effectively abrogated by siRNAs targeting acid sphingomyelinase or acid ceramidase, which prevent both LMP and death induced by TNF/CHX. Taken together, our results demonstrate that lysosomal accumulation of ceramide is not detrimental per se, whereas its degradation product sphingosine, which has the capacity to induce LMP, appears responsible for the observed apoptotic-like death.-Ullio, C., J. Casas, U. T. Brunk, G. Sala, G. Fabrias, R. Ghidoni, G. Bonelli, F. M. Baccino, and R. Autelli. Sphingosine mediates TNF alpha-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ensuing programmed cell death in hepatoma. J. Lipid Res. 2012. 53: 1134-1143
SODIUM-MEDIATED CELL SWELLING IS ASSOCIATED WITH IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE IN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES EXPOSED TO HYPOXIA OR MITOCHONDRIAL TOXINS
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Role of changes in intracellular K+ and Na+ levels in precipitating hepatocyte swelling and cell death.
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phraseme in genuesischer und genuesisch-italienischer Lexikographie
No full textIn this work, an overview on the state of the art of phrasemes in dialectal monolingual and bilingual lexicography will be given, focusing on the Genoese and Genoese-Italian lexicography. First, Genoese will be defined and then followed by a summary of the calready existing Genoese and Genoese-Italian dictionaries. It will be shown that the Genoese lexicography lacks many important aspects, amongst others also the matter of phrasemes and their equivalents. GEPHRAS1 is the first dictionary (focusing on GEnoese PHRASemes) documenting both synchronic and diachronic phrasemes, with particular focus on collocations, idioms, comparative, communicative and structural phrasemes. The project will serve as model for further phraseographical studies and will help preserving Genoese.Dieser Artikel zeigt, dass die dialektale Phraseographie noch in den Kinderschuhen steckt, u.a. da sehr viele dialektale Wörterbücher erst in der 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts erschienen sind und häufig von Laien verfasst wurden. Vor allem was die Phraseologie anbelangt, weisen die meisten Wörterbücher des Genuesischen (einsprachig sowie Genuesisch-Italienisch) keine Systematik im Hinblick auf ihre Konzeptionskriterien auf. Viele der zweisprachigen Wörterbücher zeigen insbesondere Schwächen in Bezug auf die Angabe der italienischen äquivalente. Das an der Universit ät Innsbruck angesiedelte FWF-Projekt GEPHRAS (Autelli et al. 2018–2021) stellt in der die diatopische Variation betreffenden Phraseographie insofern ein Novum dar, als es der lexikographischen Erfassung unterschiedlicher Arten von Phrasemen – Kollokationen, idiomatischen Redewendungen, komparativen, kommunikativen und strukturellen Phrasemen – besondere Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Hierbei strebt das online frei zugängliche Wörterbuch auch an, den Erhalt des Genuesischen zu f ördern. Das Wörterbuch listet (in morphosyntaktischer und innerhalb der Einträge in alphabetischer Ordnung) gel äufige Phraseologismen des Gegenwarts-Genuesischen und –Italienischen sowie historische Phraseme des Genuesischen auf. Darüber hinaus verfügt esüber Audiodateien, die sowohl die genuesischen als auch die italienischen Phraseme wiedergeben, sowieüber Zeichnungen, welche zu didaktischen Zwecken sowohl die wörtliche als auch ggf. die idiomatische Bedeutung der Wortverbindungen abbilden. In GEPHRAS wurden 100 substantivische, mit den genuesischen Graphemen , , , und beginnende Lemmata phraseographisch erfasst. Geplant ist, das Wörterbuch in einem Folgeprojekt (GEPHRAS2) durch die Erfassung weiterer Lemmata (beginnend mit den Graphemen bis ) zu vervollst ändigen. Zudem sind mit der IPA-Transkription der Phraseme sowie der Aufnahme von Beispielsätzen auch konzeptionelle Neuerungen
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"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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