1,720,998 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The hidden faces of apomorphine : lessons from the past, current experimentations and future challenges
No full textDoyenne de la thérapeutique antiparkinsonienne, puissant outil pharmacologique au profil singulier, l’apomorphine est aujourd’hui indiquée comme thérapeutique de deuxième intention, au stade où les fluctuations liées au traitement oral handicapent le quotidien des patients. Si ses effets sur la triade parkinsonienne et les fluctuations motrices sont connus et objectivés depuis le milieu du XXème siècle, son spectre d’action sur les troubles non moteurs a, quant à lui, été encore peu exploré. Ce travail de thèse avait deux objectifs : (1) établir un état de l’art quant aux connaissances actuelles sur l’apomorphine et (2) étudier les effets d’un traitement par pompe à apomorphine sur la symptomatologie non motrice parkinsonienne, en particulier aux plans cognitifs et émotionnels, sur une période de six mois. Pour ce faire, deux études ont été menées. La première, intitulée APO-TEP, s’intéressait à l’évolution de l’état cognitif et de la qualité de vie de patients présentant la maladie à un stade avancé, mais ne pouvant bénéficier de la chirurgie de stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau subthalamique. Une exploration du métabolisme cérébral était associée à l’évaluation clinique. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence une amélioration significative des fonctions motrices, cognitivo-psychiatriques (fonctions exécutives et apathie) et de la qualité de vie après six mois de traitement. Des modifications d’activité cérébrale dans les réseaux fonctionnels cognitifs, moteurs et limbiques ont par ailleurs été observées, soutenant l’idée d’un substratum anatomo-fonctionnel diffus. La seconde étude, intitulée APO-EMO, évalue les effets du traitement par pompe à apomorphine sur la sphère émotionnelle, souvent altérée dans la maladie de Parkinson. Cette dernière étude est toujours en cours ; les résultats préliminaires ne mettent pour l’heure pas en évidence d’effets sur la perception individuelle des émotions (intelligence émotionnelle et expressivité). Les analyses visant à explorer les effets du traitement sur le mimétisme facial et la reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles seront menées dans un second temps. L’ensemble de ces résultats expérimentaux est discuté à la lumière des données de la littérature et plusieurs perspectives cliniques et de recherche sont développées. De nouveaux travaux, visant à mieux comprendre les réseaux neuronaux et les voies neurochimiques activées par l’apomorphine en perfusion continue, sont à mener. Longtemps cantonnée au rang de curiosité pharmacologique, l’apomorphine semble enfin trouver sa place dans l’arsenal thérapeutique.Apomorphine is a peculiar drug, currently used as a second-line therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD). If its motor efficacy has been amply established, questions remain about its effect on non motor symptoms, a common burden in PD. This thesis address these questions by (1) reviewing the state of the art of the current knowledge about apomorphine (history, pharmacology and current interest in neurological disorders) and (2) exploring the effect of continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) on cognitive and emotional symptoms in PD, while studying brain metabolism. Two studies were conducted: APO-TEP and APO-EMO. Well-tolerated, CSAI appears to be an interesting option in advanced PD. Changes in brain metabolism (motor, cognitive and limbic networks) were observed at 6 months and correlated to clinical improvement (executive functions, apathy and motricity) in patients with advanced PD and contra-indications for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Preliminary results of the ongoing APO-EMO study suggest that CSAI does not seem to improve emotional self-perception in patients; however we will further explore its effect on facial mimicry and facial emotion recognition. If further research is still needed, apomorphine seems to be destined to become a key feature of future therapeutic strategies, in PD (nonmotor symptoms, advanced PD, withdrawal of oral medications) but also in other dopaminergic disorders, and rightly so
Teaching Neuroanatomy in the 19th Century: Dr Auzoux’s Papier-mâché Anatomical Models (S12.003)
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To review and describe the anatomical models related to the brain and nervous system produced in the “Ateliers de l’anatomie clastique”(clastic anatomy workshops) founded by Dr Auzoux at Saint-Aubin-D’Ecrosville (Normandy, France) in 1828 Background: Dr Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux (1797–1880) was a French physician who specialized in the design, industrial production and sales of detachable anatomical models using his own innovative technique of papier mâché. His catalogue included a wide variety of human, animal, and botanical models. Our university’s collections include a few examples of these models, including a human brain. Design/Methods: Nonsystematic database (PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Internet Archive, Gallica) search, antique postcards database search and screening of online newspapers archives (RetroNews®, Newspapers. com®), with the search terms (English & French) Dr Auzoux, papier mâché, clastic anatomy (search period: 1797–1880) Results: Auzoux’s anatomy models were made of several solid parts that could be removed one by one, mimicking the dissection process:“a brain is constructed, in which, by means of numerous sections and the super-position of different parts, are shown all the details of its structure as well as the origin of the nerves in the whole extent of the cerebro-spinal axis”(“Catalogue of preparations of artificial anatomy”, 1841). Auzoux’s models of human neuroanatomy included brains (of different sizes) and the spinal marrow. Its comparative anatomy catalogue (1844) included the brain and the spinal marrow of several animals (rat, cat, goose, viper, tortoise, carp, molusca) and the nervous system of others (spider, crab, articulata & radiata). Conclusions: During the 19th century, Dr Auzoux’s brain anatomical models were used to teach neuroanatomy in different contexts, for both students (universities, schools) and the general public
Book Review: Lessons from the Lobster-Eve Marder's Work in Neuroscience - Eve Marder’s Work in Neuroscience
No full textBook reviewInternational audienc
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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