695 research outputs found
Towards Zero Emission Construction: A Comprehensive Study on Environmental Impacts and Performance of Machinery
No full textFinite sample econometrics / Aman Ullah.
No full texteconomic&political bookfair2015Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-225) and index.x, 230 pages
Reading James Jackson: Who's the author?:Reading Race, Collecting Cultures - The Roving Reader Files: 'Reading James Jackson'
No full textThe Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Race Relations Resource Centre is an open access University of Manchester facility. The blog 'Reading Race, Collecting Cultures' (www.aiucentre.wordpress.com) features on its website (http://www.racearchive.manchester.ac.uk). The Roving Reader Files category of blog posts is produced by Alison Newby (under the pseudonym The Roving Reader) in collaboration with Hannah Niblett (Collections Access Officer). The former provides the text and the latter provides the images. The Roving Reader Files are designed as public engagement materials. The intention is to introduce research skills and terminology to the general user/reader in an entertaining yet informative manner by revealing hidden stories, making unusual connections and sharing insights into using the Centre's collection for research. The related posts "Reading James Jackson: Who's the author?" and "Reading James Jackson: Footnotes" introduce readers to biography; scholarly editions and the role of the editor; the importance of contextualising sources in their historical period; footnotes and their uses
Contributions to the Field of Library and Information Sciences in Pakistan: A Bio Bibliometric Study of Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan
No full textAbstract
Purpose- This paper presents the bio-bibliometric analysis of Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan\u27s contributions to the Library and Information Science (LIS) field in Pakistan. This study includes the following: the year-wise distribution of research produced; authors\u27 collaboration; publications by type; language; geographical preference for research; and coverage of different subject areas.
Methodology/Design- The data for this retrospective study was requested through email from Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan with advance ethical permission and further verified from Scholar Google, the official university website, and departments where required.
Findings- The results of the study indicate that Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan is a prolific writer and supervisor in LIS in Pakistan. He contributed 178 items, including 76 articles, two books, 86 theses, and fourteen conference papers, and secured eleven research grants until June 30, 2022. His most significant contribution is establishing two LIS departments with two postgraduate LIS education (MPhil and PhD) programs for the first time in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He has the honor of launching the first LIS Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized research journal from the fertile land of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Research work by Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan has received worldwide recognition and has been accepted in leading journals in the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, and the United States of America. He used the English language to publish the majority of his research work. He believes in teamwork, and about 98% of his research work was done in collaboration. He is also an HEC recognized and approved Ph.D. supervisor.
Originality- This study is a unique biobibliometric study that systematically combined the research productivity of Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan and provided a holistic sketch of the literature produced on various themes of LIS during 2011–2022.
Research limitations- Due to the limited area of biobibliometrics of a single author, the results were not generalized
British Rule in the Subcontinent, Literary Movements, and the Authors of the Partition Period: Qudrat Ullah Shahab
No full textDue to the rapid development of events since the 19th century alongside the British rule of the Indian subcontinent, genres such as novels and short stories were left out of Urdu literature. At that time, poetry had a great influence on mobilizing the masses, and a poetry-oriented trend had occurred in Urdu literature. However, at the beginning of the 20th century when Qudrat Ullah Shahab lived, an important Urdu literature writer and subject of the article, stories and novels are seen to have gained popularity alongside the poetry genre. Although prose had come about from Western literary figures in this period, these writers had dealt with stories specific to their own regions. As the people found their lives in these works, prose also consolidated its place in literature. Qudrat Ullah Shahab lived between 1920-1986, the period thatwitnessed the division of Pakistan and India, and succeeded in reflecting the painful life stories of this period in his stories as best he could. This study aims to introduce the life, literary personality, and works of Qudrat Ullah Shahab as one of the important writers of the Indian subcontinent who lived through the Partition period and was especially famous for his autobiography titled Shahabnama. Before talking about the author in this context, mentioning the situation of the subcontinent and the literary movements regarding the types of prose in his period would be appropriate
O comportamento de defesa inato e a antinocicepção induzida pelo medo incondicionado induzidos pela ativação de receptores NMDA no hipotálamo medial são modulados pelo tratamento intradiencefálico com cannabidiol: papel do receptor canabinoide CB1
No full textThe impacts of exogenous cannabinoids, such as the chemical constituents of Cannabis sativa like cannabidiol (CBD), on brain regions having a modest number of cannabinoid receptors, for example, the ventromedial hypothalamus, are not yet surely knew. A few researches have shown evidence that ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) neurons play a role in modulating innate fear-induced behavioural reactions in rodents submitted to experimental models of panic attack, for example those based on prey versus wild snake confrontation paradigm. The panic attack-like state was also potentially induced in laboratory animals by N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), an excitatory amino acid, which stimulates neurons that organize defensive behavioural reactions in the central nervous system. Despite the fact that CB1 receptor-mediated endocannabinoid signaling mechanism underlies the antiaversive effect of exogenous anandamide in medial hypothalamus, there is still a lack of morphological evidence to support the distribution of CB1 receptors in the VMH. Henceforth, this study was designed to explore the specific pattern of distribution of the CB1 receptors in the VMH and, subsequently, the implication of these receptors in the endocannabinoidmodulated defensive behavioural responses followed by fear-induced antinociception evoked by NMDA microinjected in the VMH. A stainless steel guide-cannula was embedded in the rodent\'s brain coordinated towards VMH by means of stareotaxic surgery. Three different doses of cannabidiol (CBD) were microinjected in the VMH. The most effective dose was used after the pretreatment with the CB1 receptor-antagonist AM251, followed by NMDA microinjection in the VMH. The outcomes demonstrated that the defensive behavioural responses evoked in response to intra-VMH administration of NMDA (6 nmol) were decreased by intra-hypothalamic microinjections of CBD at the highest dose (100 nmol).These effects, however, were blocked by the administration of the CB1 receptor-antagonist AM251 (100 pmol) in the VMH. In addition, the fear-induced antinociception elicited by VMH chemical stimulation diminished after the VMH treatment with CBD, an effect reversed by the intra-diencephalic pretreatment with AM251. These findings suggested that CBD causes panicolytic-like effects when administered in the VMH, and that antiaversive effect recruits the CB1 receptor-endocannabinoid signaling mechanism in VMH.O papel dos canabinoides exógenos nas regiões do cérebro com um número modesto de receptores cannabinoides, por exemplo, o hipotálamo ventromedial, ainda não está plenamente esclarecido. Algumas pesquisas de nosso grupo, não obstante, mostraram o hipotálamo ventromedial (HVM) exerce modulação de reações comportamentais provocadas pelo medo inato em animais submetidos a um modelo de ataques de pânico. Crises de pânico foram induzidas em animais de laboratório por N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA), um aminoácido excitatório que, ao ser microinjetado em estruturas do sistema encefálico de aversão, estimula reações comportamentais defensivas no sistema nervoso central que mimetizam as respostas defensivas eliciadas por roedores confrontados com serpentes. Apesar do mecanismo de sinalização endocanabinoide mediado pelos receptores CB1 desempenhar um papel na modulação da neurotransmissão excitadora e inibitória no SNC, ainda há escassez de evidências morfológicas que embasem a distribuição dos receptores CB1 no HVM. Por conseguinte, este estudo foi idealizado para explorar a forma específica de distribuição dos receptores CB1 no HVM e, posteriormente, estudar a implicação desses receptores na modulação de respostas comportamentais defensivas, seguidas por antinocicepção induzida pelo medo, moduladas por endocanabinoides e evocadas por microinjetação de NMDA no HVM. Uma cânula-guia feita de aço inoxidável foi implantada no cérebro do roedor, e direcionada para o HVM por meio de cirurgia estareotóxica. Três diferentes doses de cannabidiol (CBD) foram microinjetadas no HVM. A dosagem mais eficaz foi utilizada após o pré-tratamento do hipotálamo medial com um antagonista do receptor CB1, o AM251, seguido da microinjeção NMDA no HVM. Os resultados demonstraram que as respostascomportamentais defensivas evocadas em resposta à administração intra-HVM de NMDA (6 nmol) foram diminuídas por microinjeções intra-hipotalâmicas de CBD na dose mais alta (100 nmol). Estes efeitos, no entanto, foram atenuados pela administração do antagonista do receptor CB1, AM251, na dose de 100 pmol no HVM. Além disso, a antinocicepção induzida pelo medo foi atenuada pela administração intra-diencefálica de CBA, o que foi revertido pelo pré-tratamenot do HVM com AM251. Esses dados sugerem que o CBD causa efeitos panicolíticos, quando administrado no HVM, envolvendo o mecanismo de sinalização do receptor CB1-endocannabinoide
Application of Systems Thinking in Health: Opportunities for Translating Theory into Practice; Comment on “Constraints to Applying Systems Thinking Concepts in Health Systems: A Regional Perspective from Surveying Stakeholders in Eastern Mediterranean Countries”
No full textSystems thinking is not a new concept to health system strengthening; however, one question remains unanswered: How policy-makers, system designers and consultants with a system thinking philosophy should act (have acted) as potential change agents in actually gaining opportunities to introduce systems thinking? Development of Comprehensive Multi-Year Plans (cMYPs) for Immunization System is one such opportunity because almost all Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) develop and implement cMYPs every five years. Without building upon examples and showing practical application, the discussions and deliberations on systems thinking may fade away with passage of time. There are opportunities that exist around us in our existing health systems that we can benefit from starting with an incremental approach and generating evidence for longer lasting system-wide changes
What is ADR and use of ADR Procedure in commercial contracts especially . Mediation clauses
No full textAlternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") is an alternative conflict settlement strategy. It follows the main objective of solving conflicts between parties in a stunning way with the help of independent professionals or renowned neutrals. Today the role of the ADR is more important, and the number of agreements with the ADR is increasing. One of the reasons for this development is that the ADR is usually more efficient and time-saving compared to normal justice procedures.
The current paper examines the most popular techniques for the solution of alternative dispute within the EU, which is mediation. It mainly focuses on the mediation process in civil and commercial conflicts.
This thesis associates ADR development and the European Law Legislative International Trade Conciliation (2002) as well as other laws as well as ADR services, such as ICC and other laws related to the services, CEDR. It conjointly makes comparisons between the US and bound MSs Courts to observe concerning the ADR problems. Additionally, it recognizes the ADR in the light of the right to valid remedy (European Union Principles).
In order to administer a deep insight into the subject, the paper describes additionally the ADR origin, its features and relevance, yet as its benefits over litigation/arbitration proceedings that aimed toward promoting ADR’s larger development to conflict resolution mechanisms.
What is more, it brings up the crucial ADR problems that the parties to a conflict may additionally come across in the path of ADR application, specifically, viability of the agreement responsibility to resort to ADR, capacity detrimental effects for the failure to comply with such duty, confidentiality of the ADR procedure, confidentiality of the ADR method, effect at the statute of issue, and barriers which could occur at the same time as imposing the agreementLLMMSc/M
Descripteurs intrasaisonniers et extrêmes pluviométriques en été austral sur l'Afrique du Sud : observations et modélisation à méso-échelle
No full textLes précipitations extrêmes sont d'une importance majeure et croissante dans les pays semi-arides et leur variabilité a de fortes implications pour les ressources en eau et les impacts climatiques sur les sociétés locales et l'environnement. Ici, nous examinons les descripteurs intrasaisonniers (ISD) et les extrêmes humides des précipitations d'été austral (novembre-février) sur l'Afrique du Sud (SA). En utilisant les observations quotidiennes de 225 pluviomètres et les réanalyses ERA5 entre 1979 et 2015, nous proposons une nouvelle typologie des événements extrêmes humides basée sur leur fraction spatiale, différenciant ainsi les extrêmes à grande et à petite échelle. La variabilité à long terme des deux types d'événements de précipitations extrêmes est ensuite discutée en détail dans le contexte des ISD. Suite à la définition d'une nouvelle typologie des extrêmes pluviométriques, distinguant les événements à grande et à petite échelle, nous examinons plus avant la relation entre ces deux types d'extrêmes pluviométriques et différents modes de variabilité climatique à différentes échelles de temps. Aux basses fréquences, les extrêmes pluviométriques sont évalués à des échelles de temps interannuelles (IV : 2 à 8 ans) et quasi décennales (QDV : 8 à 13 ans), qui sont principalement associées à l'oscillation australe El Niño (ENSO) et à l'Oscillation Pacifique inter-décennale (IPO), respectivement. Aux échelles de temps sub-saisonnières, la typologie des extrêmes pluviométriques est analysée en fonction des configurations synoptiques, déduites par sept régimes convectifs dont les thalwegs tropicaux tempérés (TTT : 3–7 jours), et la variabilité intrasaisonnière associée à l'Oscillation de Madden-Julien (MJO : 30 à 60 jours). Afin d'identifier les épisodes de précipitations potentiellement à fort impact, nous introduisons la durée dans la définition de la typologie des précipitations extrêmes. Les événements à grande échelle et à durée de vie la plus longue sont ensuite considérés comme des études de cas de périodes de précipitations potentiellement à fort impact et sont sélectionnés pour la modélisation à méso-échelle. À cette fin, nous utilisons un modèle de recherche et de prévision météorologique de pointe (WRF version 4.2.1) qui est largement utilisé à la fois pour la recherche et les applications de prévision opérationnelle. Les réanalyses ERA5 sont d'abord utilisées pour forcer le modèle WRF avec plusieurs configurations expérimentales sur différents cas d’étude afin d'obtenir la configuration WRF la plus performante. La configuration optimale est ensuite utilisée pour piloter des simulations WRF à l'aide de prévisions globales à résolution grossière, la version 2 de retroprévision (RF2) développée par la National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESLR) et à 25kms de résolution. Avec cette méthodologie, nous souhatons déterminer si la prévisibilité de ces événements majeurs peut être améliorée en termes d'intensité et de localisation en utilisant un raffinement d'échelle permettant la résolution de la convection profonde.Rainfall extremes are of major and increasing importance in semi-arid countries and their variability has strong implications for water resource and climate impacts on the local societies and environment. Here, we examine intraseasonal descriptors (ISDs) and wet extremes in austral summer rainfall (November−February) over South Africa (SA). Using daily observations from 225 rain gauges and ERA5 reanalysis between 1979 and 2015, we propose a novel typology of wet extreme events based on their spatial fraction, thus differentiating large- and small-scale extremes. Long-term variability of both types of extreme rainfall events is then extensively discussed in the context of ISDs. Following the definition of a novel typology of rainfall extremes, disentangling large- and small-scale events we further examine the relationship between these two types of rainfall extremes and different modes of climate variability at different timescales. At low-frequencies, rainfall extremes are assessed at interannual (IV: 2−8 years) and quasi-decadal (QDV: 8−13 years) timescales, which are primarily associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), respectively. At sub-seasonal timescales, the typology of rainfall extremes is analysed depending on the synoptic configurations, as inferred by seven convective regimes including Tropical Temperate Troughs (TTTs: 3–7 days), and the intraseasonal variability associated with the Madden-Julien Oscillation (MJO: 30–60 days). To identify potentially high-impact rainfall spells, we introduce duration into the definition of extreme rainfall typology. Large-scale longest-lived events are then considered as case studies of potentially high-impact rainfall spells and are selected for meso-scale modelling. To that end, we use state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF version 4.2.1) model which is widely used for both atmospheric research and operational forecasting applications. ERA5 reanalysis is first used to drive WRF simulations with several experimental setups on different case studies to obtain the finest WRF configuration. The optimal experimental design is then used to drive WRF simulations using coarse resolution global forecast i.e., Re-forecast version 2 (RF2) developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESLR) having a resolution of 25 kms. Here, we attempt to investigate if the properties of such major events can be improved using convection-permitting downscaling of these global grids in terms on intensity and location.The results demonstrate that using 7% of spatial fraction simultaneously exceeding the local threshold of the 90th percentile produces remarkable results in characterizing rainfall extremes into large- and small-scale extremes
Politics and patronage on the waters of Gomal Canal KPK, Pakistan
No full textThis paper aims to understand how the politics and patronage of the waters of the Gomal canal in the remote region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, are creating social inequality and letting the poor landholders suffer the effects of water shortage.
The Gomal Canal originated from the Gomal Zam Dame, situated in the outskirt of Wana, South Waziristan tribal district. The Gomal canal flows through the two southern districts of KP, i.e., Tank and some areas of Dera Ismail Khan. It was completed in 2011 and opened in 2013. The Gomal canal was extended into Warren Canal in December 2016. The primary and distributary channels constitute 264 km length that irrigates the farmland of district Tank and Dera Ismail Khan.
The research highlights the traditional ways i.e (Zama and Rod Kohi systems) people used before the onset Gomal Canal. Besides, it shows how political and local elites including upstream landlords of the area get benefit from the Canal water by diposessing the rest. The local politicians and landlords are ancestral beneficiaries of the governmental resources allocated to the people of these areas. These elites live in cities, and some of their family members reside in the villages to oversee land and look after crops. Moreover, they occupy lucrative jobs in the public sector. Although these landlords\u27 land is located at the end of the Main or Warren canal, they take most of the water from the Canal and irrigate their land in total capacity.
Through this study, I show how these elites take a due share of the water from poor farmers and small landholders and how this political ecology of unequal water distribution is creating problems for the agricultural ecology of Pashtun society in the remote area of Pakistan. Moreover, it explains causes of conflicts between head and tail-end stakeholders arise due to unfair water resource management. This study is based on six months of ethnographic research, participant observation, and autoethnography to collect the data from local people\u27s perspectives. I am from this area, and I use my experiences and activist position to understand how unequal water distribution affects poor, small, and powerless farmers, and landholders and how this shift affects rural life through injustice, corruption and bad water governance
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