452 research outputs found
Biosorption of anionic and cationic azo dye onto red macro alga : Determination of the significant variables using resolution V fractional factorial design
No full textNaturally inspired biosorbent from macro algae species are favored because of its excellent biosorptive capability and low cost. The present investigation reports the potential of red macro-alga, E. spinosum as a biosorbent to remove both anionic and cationic azo dyes, namely Acid Yellow 17 (AY17) and Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. A resolution V fractional factorial design (2v5-1) analysis was employed to study the main effects and interaction of variables on the biosorption process. Factorial matrix with five variables; pH (2–12), dosage (0.4–2 g/L), initial concentration (50–200 mg/L), contact time (5–120 min) and temperature (30-50 °C) at two levels were conducted in batch study. Pareto charts and ANOVA (within 95% confidence level) were applied to examine the relationship and significance between independent variables and their interactions. A regression model with R2AY17 = 0.9998 and R2MB = 0.9995 was implemented to fit the experimental data. The results obtained indicated that the most significant variables that affected biosorption process were initial concentration and the dosage of the dyes. Experimental screenings are crucial in optimization studies. The remarkable performance of E. spinosum as biosorbent to absorb both dyes shows a great potential to be implemented for local marine macro alga as an alternative. Resource for biosorption process
Evaluation of photo-fenton degradation of reactive black 5 using response surface method
No full textPhoto-Fenton degradation of a reactive dyestuff, Reactive Black 5, was investigated in this study. The effects of UV light on Fenton Reagent process and the influence of reagents dosage, UV light intensity and initial dissolved oxygen concentration on photo-Fenton were explored. The experiments were conducted in a 3-L batch-mode reactor and were designed using Response Surface Method. The performance of the systems was assessed based on TOC removal. UV light was found to increase the efficiency of Fenton Reagent process by about 100%, reduce the reaction time by half and lessen the iron requirement by about 85%. Within the range used in the experiments, UV light intensity, and iron and hydrogen peroxide dosages were found to have significant positive influence on the efficiency of the photo-Fenton process. Iron dosage was significant in the early stage, peroxide dosage was significant at the later stage while UV light intensity was significant throughout the reaction period. The initial dissolved oxygen concentration was not a significant factor for photo-Fenton. Depending on the conditions of the reaction, TOC removal of 41.3% to 88.2% was obtained by photo-Fenton oxidation after 30 minutes.
Kajian ini menyiasat keupayaan foto-Fenton dalam menguraikan pewarna reaktif, Reactive Black 5. Penilaian dibuat ke atas kesan sinaran UV kepada proses Reagen Fenton dan kesan dos reagen, keamatan sinaran UV dan kepekatan oksigen terlarut awal ke atas kelakunan foto-Fenton. Ujikaji makmal direkabentuk dengan menggunakan kaedah Response Surface dan dijalankan dengan menggunakan reaktor jujukan bersaiz 3 L. Kelakunan sistem dinilai berdasarkan kepada penyingkiran TOC. Sinaran UV didapati meningkatkan keberkesanan proses Reagen Fenton sebanyak 100%, mengurangkan masa tindakbalas kepada separuh dan mengurangkan 85% keperluan ferum. Berdasarkan kepada julat yang digunakan di dalam ujikaji, keamatan sinaran UV dan dos ferum dan hidrogen peroksida didapati memberi kesan positif yang signifikan kepada proses foto-Fenton. Dos ferum memainkan peranan penting di peringkat awal tindakbalas sementara dos peroksida menjadi penting di bahagian akhir tindakbalas. Keamatan sinaran UV memainkan peranan yang penting di semua peringkat tindakbalas. Kepekatan oksigen terlarut awal didapati tidak memainkan peranan yang penting kepada foto-Fenton. Selepas tindakbalas selama 30 minit, pengoksidaan foto-Fenton didapati mampu menyingkirkan TOC sebanyak 41.3% hingga 88.2%, bergantung kepada keadaan ujikaji yang dijalanka
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DI TK ULUL AZMI WAY HUWI LAMPUNG SELATAN
No full textABSTRAK
Karakter merupakan nilai-nilai prilaku manusia yang
berhubungan dengan budaya dan adat istiadat. Media audio visual
yaitu salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk
menyampaikan cerita pada anak guna membantu mengembangkan
karakter anak usia dini Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
bagaiamana peranan guru dalam membentuk karakter anak usia dini
melalui media audio visual di Taman Kanak-kanak Ulul Azmi way
huwi Lampung selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan
deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian 1 guru dan 16 peserta
didik. Alat pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan yaitu observasi,
wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan
menggunakan reduksi, display dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil
penelitian yang dilakukan penulis dapat dilihat bahwasanya karakter
anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-kanak Ulul Azmi way huwi mulai
berkembang, dapat dilihat dari kondisi anak yang mulai berkembang
(MB) 8 anak Dari 16 anak. penulis meyimpulkan bahwa peran guru
dalam membentuk karakter anak usia dini melalui media audio visual
di Taman Kanak-kanak Ulul Azmi way huwi yaitu sebagai: sumber
belajar, fasilitator, pengelola, demonstrator, pembimbing, motivator,
evaluator, dapat membentuk karakter Anak usia dini melalui kegiatan
menonton cerita dengan memperhatikan langkah-langkah dan
indikator pencapaian yang sesuai dengan perkembangan karakter anak
usia dini
Kata Kunci: Media Audio Visual, Membentuk Karakter, Peran
Guru
iii
ABSTRACT
Character is human behavioral values related to culture and
customs. Audio visual media is one of the learning media that can be
used to convey stories to children to help develop the character of early
childhood. This research aims to find out the role of teachers in forming
the character of early childhood through audio visual media at the Ulul
Azmi Way Huwi Kindergarten. South Lampung. This research used a
qualitative descriptive approach with research subjects of 1 teacher and
16 students. The data collection tools that researchers use are
observation, interviews and documentation. Data was analyzed
qualitatively using reduction, display and drawing conclusions. From
the results of the research carried out by the author, it can be seen that
the character of early childhood children at the Ulul Azmi Way Huwi
Kindergarten is starting to develop, it can be seen from the condition of
the children who are starting to develop (MB) 8 children out of 16
children. The author concludes that the role of teachers in forming the
character of early childhood through audio-visual media at the Ulul
Azmi Way Huwi Kindergarten is as: learning resource, facilitator,
manager, demonstrator, mentor, motivator, evaluator, can form honest,
cooperative, and responsibilities for early childhood through the activity
of watching stories by paying attention to the steps and achievement
indicators that are appropriate to the character development of early
childhood.
Keywords: Audio Visual Media, Character Building, Teacher's
Rol
Introduction to family medicine
No full textPrimary care (also known as family medicine as a medical speciality in primary care) is the first point of contact that an individual has with health care provision. Primary care doctors are known as family doctors, general practitioners or family physicians. Family medicine is a medical speciality that provides comprehensive and continuous health care for the individual and the whole family. The practise encompasses the biological, clinical aspect and behavioural sciences, whereas the scope covers all ages from womb to tomb, all sexes, all aspects of the organ system and all diseases
Family's Messengers Stories of Ulul Azmi in The Quran (A Thematic Interpretation)
No full textThis thematic study has based on the verses about the stories (Qaṣaṣ), the kind is the story of the Ulul Azmi messengers. Ulul Azmi messengers are the five prophets who were special by Allah as in Q.46:35, Q.33:7, and Q.42:13. They are messengers who have the high determination and patience in fighting for the Allah’s religion. A messenger was a usual people who certainly lives in a family, they have parents, wives, and children. Whether the special degree that they get was also supported by family support or even their own family which be test for themselves, because defiance or denial of the Allah law. So, how does the Quran explained their family stories and their position as part of a family? This question will be tried to be answered in this thesis research.
The research method is the thematic method (Mauḍū‘ī Method) which is presented based on the description and analysis of the Quran’s verses about family’s messengers stories of ulul azmi as primary data, would be taking from the interpretations of several commentaries book collected and then analyzed carefully by author, after that complement data from histories books and stories of the prophets books and other related readings.
Family’s messengers stories of Ulul Azmi becomes interesting because their family members were not fully obedient people. The Prophet Nuh was preached for 950 years but only a few of people were believers, and among those who did not believe were his wife and child. The Prophet Ibrahim has a father who a carver of idol and he had to awaken his father to follow a straight path, but his father was still stubbornly opposed. Then, Ibrahim married Sarah, then remarried a slave named Hajar. From Hajar he obtained a child named Ismail and from Sarah even they were old, God gave Ishaq to them. And all of the prophets after Ibrahim came from the generations of Ismail and Ishaq. The Prophet Musa, a baby born in the age of a boy must be killed, but Allah gave inspiration to his mother to make a chest and wash it in the Nile, until the chest beyond the king’s unjust palace, he was even cared and becomes king’s foster son. He fled to Madyan, and then he married a shepherd girl. The Prophet Isa was born from the holy girl was a servant of Baitul Maqdis, since his birth his mother had been bombarded with various heinous accusations because puerperal a baby without marriage, so Isa who was still in the cradle spoke and explained to his peoples to defend his mother. The Prophet Muhammad tested when his wives demanded more shopping, and he could only leave them for one month until the verse came down to this problem. There are some verses of the Quran concerned his wives, they are Khadijah, Aishah, Hafṣah, and Zainab.
Based on the results of analysis was getting family’s messengers stories of Ulul Azmi that not all of them was obedient people, some were pious and some were disbelieved to died. Each family’s messengers stories tucked many valuable lessons, about the piety of the parents who descend to their children, family relations in hereafter, family functions, responsibilities as parents, the good children, to obedience and betrayal of a wife.
Keyword: family’s messengers stories, ulul azmi
Implementation of Oversight by the National Land Agency Against Officials Making Land Deed Who Commits Violations in Padang City Based on Ministerial Regulation Number 2 Year 2018
No full textIn state life, everyone has the same rights before the law. Even so, it does not mean that everyone is free to do anything, everything has a rule of law which if violated will be subject to sanctions in accordance with the rules that govern. In other words the law must be upheld in order to create a harmonious life. Enforcement of the law is no exception for Land Deed Making Officials, Land Deed Making Officials can also be subject to sanctions if they violate the rule of law. Therefore, in carrying out their duties, the Land Drafting Officer must obtain supervision so that he does not violate his position. With the Ministerial Regulation Number 2 of 2018 concerning Development and Supervision of Land Deed Making Officials, Land Deed Making Officials must be guided by these rules, so that they can carry out their duties properly. However, when the Land Deed Making Official violates the rules, it is possible to impose sanctions on the Land Deed Making Official, such as a respectful dismissal, an honorable dismissal, a temporary dismissal, or even with a written warning. The method used in this study is the Empirical Method which is analyzed qualitatively. To strengthen the research results, interviews were conducted with relevant parties at the research location. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency / Head of the Land Office has the authority to conduct guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials, where the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency / Head of the Land Office establishes the Supervisory Board and Guidance of Land Drafting Officials to help convey and explain the policies stipulated by the Minister regarding the implementation of his duties as Land Deed Making Officials. Then despite the enactment of Permen Number 2 of 2018, but the law enforcement is not as expected. Land Deed Making Officials who are facing legal problems seem to struggle alone without supervision from the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. Even Land Deed Making Officials who have already been convicted did not get sanctions from the National Land Agency or Board of Trustees and Supervisory Land Deed Making Officials. In other words, there is no supervision over the Acting Author of the Land Deed. Furthermore, there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) clear and strict regarding the supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no clear Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and firmly regarding supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials. there are obstacles in carrying out guidance and supervision of Land Deed Making Officials by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials such as: There are no technical guidelines (technical guidelines) / implementation instructions (operational guidelines) even there is no clear Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and firmly regarding supervision of the Land Deed Making Official. then the imbalance between the number of the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Drafting Officials and the number of Land Deed Making Officials itself causes the process of supervision by the National Land Agency and the Board of Trustees and Supervisors of Land Deed Making Officials
MUAMMER ENISE AZMI: AS A ROMANTIC NOVELIST IN THE SECOND CONSTİTUTİONAL ERA
No full textMeşrutiyet Dönemi, Osmanlı basını açısından oldukça hareketli ve velut bir dönemi içerir. Basın hayatındaki hareketliliğe bağlı olarak okuryazar kadınlar da makalelerini, mektuplarını ve çeşitli türlerde kaleme aldıkları edebî metinlerini dergilere gönderirler. Ancak dönem içerisinde edebî eserler kaleme alan bazı kadın yazarların zaman içerisinde yazma faaliyetlerini bıraktıkları da görülmektedir. Meşrutiyet yıllarında popüler aşk romanı türünde bir eser yazan, edebiyat dergilerinde hikâye ve deneme türünde eserler yayımlayan Muammer Enise Azmi de Cumhuriyet’ten sonra yazma faaliyetlerinden uzaklaşarak eğitim ve politika ile ilgilenmiştir. Bu makalede, hayatı ve eserleri hakkında daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamış olan Muammer Enise Azmi’nin biyografisi hakkında bilgi verilerek yazarın Tokat milletvekili Muammer Develi olduğu ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca yazarın Meşrutiyet Dönemi dergilerinde yayımladığı eserler de incelenerek popüler aşk romanı türüne giren Aşk ve Günah romanı tematik ve kurgusal açıdan incelenecektir. Aşk ve Günah’ın popüler roman özelliklerini taşıyan yönleri belirlenerek karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde yorumlanacaktır.The Second Constitutional Era involves a very dynamic and
productive era for press of the Ottoman Empire. Literate
women sent their articles, letters and literary texts in several
genres to journals of that period, depending on this dynamism
in press activities. However in this era, it is seen that some
women writers abandoned their writing activities over time.
Muammer Enise Azmi wrote a popular romance novel in the
Second Constitutional Era. He also published some works in
the genre of stories and essays in literary journals. After
proclamation of the republic, he became interested in
education and politics by leaving his writing activities.
There are no studies about Muammer Enise Azmi’s life and
works. This article will provide information about his
biography and it will be claimed that this author is Muammer
Develi, a member of parliament from Tokat. In addition, his
works in journals of this era will also be discussed. As a
popular romance novel, Aşk ve Günah will be analyzed
thematically and fictionally. In this way, the characteristic of
popular novel of Aşk ve Günah will be determined and
interpreted comparatively
MUAMMER ENISE AZMI: AS A ROMANTIC NOVELIST IN THE SECOND CONSTİTUTİONAL ERA
No full textMeşrutiyet Dönemi, Osmanlı basını açısından oldukça hareketli ve velut bir dönemi içerir. Basın hayatındaki hareketliliğe bağlı olarak okuryazar kadınlar da makalelerini, mektuplarını ve çeşitli türlerde kaleme aldıkları edebî metinlerini dergilere gönderirler. Ancak dönem içerisinde edebî eserler kaleme alan bazı kadın yazarların zaman içerisinde yazma faaliyetlerini bıraktıkları da görülmektedir. Meşrutiyet yıllarında popüler aşk romanı türünde bir eser yazan, edebiyat dergilerinde hikâye ve deneme türünde eserler yayımlayan Muammer Enise Azmi de Cumhuriyet’ten sonra yazma faaliyetlerinden uzaklaşarak eğitim ve politika ile ilgilenmiştir. Bu makalede, hayatı ve eserleri hakkında daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamış olan Muammer Enise Azmi’nin biyografisi hakkında bilgi verilerek yazarın Tokat milletvekili Muammer Develi olduğu ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca yazarın Meşrutiyet Dönemi dergilerinde yayımladığı eserler de incelenerek popüler aşk romanı türüne giren Aşk ve Günah romanı tematik ve kurgusal açıdan incelenecektir. Aşk ve Günah’ın popüler roman özelliklerini taşıyan yönleri belirlenerek karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde yorumlanacaktır.The Second Constitutional Era involves a very dynamic and
productive era for press of the Ottoman Empire. Literate
women sent their articles, letters and literary texts in several
genres to journals of that period, depending on this dynamism
in press activities. However in this era, it is seen that some
women writers abandoned their writing activities over time.
Muammer Enise Azmi wrote a popular romance novel in the
Second Constitutional Era. He also published some works in
the genre of stories and essays in literary journals. After
proclamation of the republic, he became interested in
education and politics by leaving his writing activities.
There are no studies about Muammer Enise Azmi’s life and
works. This article will provide information about his
biography and it will be claimed that this author is Muammer
Develi, a member of parliament from Tokat. In addition, his
works in journals of this era will also be discussed. As a
popular romance novel, Aşk ve Günah will be analyzed
thematically and fictionally. In this way, the characteristic of
popular novel of Aşk ve Günah will be determined and
interpreted comparatively
PENARIKAN HARTA WAKAF MENURUT PENDAPAT EMPAT MADZHAB DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF Naelul azmi, 1752144022
No full textABSTRAK
Tesis dengan judul “Penarikan Harta Wakaf Menurut Pendapat Empat Madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf” ini ditulis oleh Naelul Azmi dengan dibimbing oleh Dr. H. M. Saifudin Zuhri M.Ag. dan Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Kata Kunci: Penarikan, Harta Wakaf, Pendapat Empat Madzhab, Undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004.
Penelitian dalam tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Bahwa wakaf di Indonesia merupakan persoalan klasik yang sampai saat ini belum tuntas dan belum selesai seratus persen, walaupun perangkat peraturan perundangannya telah cukup banyak dan menjanjikan. Kasus-kasus menguapnya sejumlah harta wakaf di berbagai daerah di hampir seluruh Indonesia khususnya kasus penarikan kembali harta wakaf, membuktikan bahwa di sana masih banyak masalah yang harus segera dipecahkan.
Focus masalah dalam tesis ini diantaranya adalah, 1. Bagaimana pendapat empat Madzhab tentang hukum penarikan harta wakaf? 2. Bagaimana penjelasan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf dalam hal penarikan harta wakaf? 3. Bagaimana komparasi penarikan harta wakaf menurut empat madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research yang berarti suatu research kepustakaan atau penelitian kepustakaan murni. diantara data primernya adalah : Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm, al-Muatha’, fiqh al-Akbar, dan Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf. Sedangkan data skundernya adalah literatur lainnya yang relevan dengan judul tesis ini. Pendekatan penelitiannya adalah metode deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dalam penarikan harta wakaf ada sedikit perbedaan diantara pendapat empat Madzhab diantaranya: (a) Pendapat Imam Hanafi tidak diperbolehkan bagi wakif untuk menarik harta wakaf. (b) Pendapat Imam Maliki, kepemilikan menurut adzhab Maliki masih berada di tangan si pemberi. karena mengandung maksud bahwa orang yang diberi wakaf ibarat seorang hamba yang melayani tuannya hingga meniggal. Sehingga harta wakaf yang telah diberikan kepada penerima wakaf bias ditarik kembali oleh wakif. (c) Pendapat madzhab Syafi’I, menurut madzhab Syafi’I bahwa harta yang di wakafkan terlepas dari si wakif dan menjadi milik Allah, Akibatnya adalah bahwa benda yang telah diwakafkan tidak boleh ditarik kembali. (d) Pendapat madzhab Hambali, kepemilikan Harta Wakaf menurut pendapat Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal bahwa kepemilikan harta wakaf berpindah kepada orang yang diwakafi.
Sehingga wakif tidak bias menarik harta yang telah diwakafkannya. (2) Undang – undang no 41 tahun 2004 tidak mengantur secara detail (jelas) tentang penarikan kembali harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan. Undang – Undang no 41 Tahun 2004 disebutkan, harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan dilarang: Dijadikan jaminan, disita, dihibahkan, dijual, diwariskan, ditukar, dan dialihkan dalam bentuk pengalihan.(3) pembahasan terkait penarikan harta wakaf ada perbedaan di masing-masing madzhab, imam hanafi yang membolehkan penarikan harta wakaf, imam malik yang boleh ditarik harta wakafnya ketika sudah habis jangka waktunya, imam syafi’i dan hambali yang sama sekali tidak boleh, karena kehati-hatian imam syafi’i dalam memutuskan ijtihadnya. sedangkan dalam undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004 tidak disebutkan secara jelas terkait pelarangan penarikan harta wakaf. Oleh karena itu menurut penulis hendaknya dibuat Peraturan Pemerintah atau mengamandemen Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004
ABSTRACT
Thesis titled "Withdrawal of Assets Endowments According Opinions of four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf" was written by Naelul Azmi guided by Dr. H. M. Saifuddin Zuhri M.Ag. and Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Keywords: Withdrawal, Treasure Endowments, Opinion of Four Schools, Law No. 41 of 2004.
The research in this thesis is motivated by that endowment in Indonesia is a classic issue that until now and it has one hundred percents not completed yet, although the regulation of its laws has been quite a lot and promised. Cases of evaporation of a Treasure Endowments in various areas in almost all of Indonesia, especially the case of the withdrawal of Treasure Endowments, proving that there are still many problems that must be solved.
Focus problem in this thesis include: 1. What is the opinion about withdrawal of four wakaf property by four schools? 2. What is the explanation of Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf in the withdrawal of wakaf property? 3. How comparative withdrawal Treasure Endowments according to the four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf?
The method which used in this study is a research library which means a research literature or pure literature research. The primary datas of this research are: Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm al-Muatha ', Fiqh al-Akbar, and Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf. The sekunder datas are other literature relevant to the title of this thesis. The Research approach that used is descriptive analysis method.
The results showed that (1) In the withdrawal of wakaf property there is little difference among the four schools: (a) Opinion of Imam Hanafi is not permissible for wakif to attract wakaf property. (b) Opinion of Imam Maliki, according school of Maliki the ownership of wakaf property is still in the hands of the giver. because they mean that people who were given endowments like a slave who serves his master to die. So that the wakaf property had been given to the recipient endowments can withdrawn by wakif. (c) Opinion Shafi'i schools, according to the Shafi'i schools that treasure which be endowments is regardless of the wakif and belong to God, The result is that the object has been endowment should not be withdrawn. (d) Opinion schools Hambali, Treasure ownership of endowments in the opinion of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal that endowment property ownership is transferred to the person who receive the endowments. Wakif can not withdrawn the property that used be the endowments. (2) The laws No. 41 of 2004 does not manage obviously about withdrawal of property that has been being
the wakaf. The laws No. 41 of 2004 mentioned that property which is already be the wakaf is prohibited: Used as collateral, seized, assigned, sold, inherited, exchanged and transferred in the form of diversion. (3) The discussion about the withdrawal of wakaf property, there were differences in each schools, Imam Hanafi allowed withdrawal of wakaf property, Imam Malik allowed withdrawal wakaf property when it expired, Syafi'i and Hanbali that absolutely should not be, because of Imam Syafi’i’s prudence on establishing his interpretations. whereas in the law No. 41 of 2004 is not explicitly to mention the prohibition of withdrawal of wakaf property. Therefore, according to the author should be made the government regulation or amend Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf.
الملخص
الرسالة تحت الموضوع " أخذ مال الوقف عند المذاهب الأربعة وعند
الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف " الباحث : نيل العزم المرشد :
د. الحاج محمد سيف الدين الزهري المرشد : د. الحاج أحمد مهتدي أنصاري.
الكلمات المهمات : الاخذ ، مال الوقف ، رأي المذاهب الأربعة ، دستور
حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤
هذا البحث يأخذ من أن هناك مسألة قديمية في اندونيسيا عن الوقف التي
لم تحل حلها حتى الآن ولو كان هناك دستورا كثيرا يتكلم عنها. مسائل الوقف
التي تتوقع في أي مكان في اندونيسيا و خصوصا المسئلة عن أخذ مال
الوقف.هذه الرسالة تبحث عن : ١. ما آراء المذاهب الأربعة عن حكم أخذ مال
الوقف ؟ ٢. ما بيان دستور حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف ؟ ٣ .
ما مبادلة حكم مال أخذمال الوقف بين أراء المذاهب الأربعة و دستور حكمي رقم
٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف ؟
المنهج العلمي في هذا البحث المنهج المكتبي يعني المنهج بالكتب
الخالصة. منها كتاب المسند للإمام ابن حنبل والأم و كتاب الموطاء و الفقه الأكبر
و الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف و غيرها من الكتب التي تتكلم
عن الوقف.
يحصل من هذا البحث بعض النتائج : ١ . اختلاف آراء المذاهب الأربعة
عن أخذ مال الوقف أ. عند الحنفية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف.
ب. عند المالكية يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن التمليك في مال
الوقف في يد المعطي و لأن من الذي يعطى مال الوقف كالعبد يخدم سيده حتى
مات. ج. عند الشافعية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن المال
الموقوف ليس ملكا للواقف ولكن لله. د. عند الحنابلة لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب
أخذ مال الوقف لأن التملك في مال الوقف ينقل من الواقف إلي من وقف. ٢. لا
يشرح الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف.و فيه يبين أن
المال الموقوف ممنوع تصرفاته في الرهن والهبة والبيع والارث والمبادلة
وغيرها. ٣ . المبادلة بين آراء المذاهب الأربعة و الدستور الحكمي أن المذاهب
الأربعة إلا المالكية يمنعون عن أخذ مال الوقف ومع أن الدستور الحكمي لا
يشرح عنه قط.ومن هذه المبادلة ينبغي للحكومة عند الباحث ان يضع دستورا
جديدا أو يغير الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف
Enhancement of hydroxyl radical formation in hydrodynamic cavitation using multiple orifice plates
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