17 research outputs found
ENHANCING INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL COLLABORATION FOR HUMANITARIAN DEVELOPMENT: YEMEN AS A CASE STUDY
No full textThis study investigates the improvement of inter-organizational collaboration for humanitarian development, with a particular emphasis on cash programming initiatives in Yemen. The study aims to boost the effectiveness and durability of these activities by addressing barriers to efficient collaboration between humanitarian organizations and government authorities. It assesses targeting tactics to guarantee that help reaches the neediest populations and examines how economic and political factors influence program execution. The study used a qualitative research design, relying on secondary data from publications, reports, surveys, and humanitarian databases to evaluate the effectiveness of cash transfer programs. Case studies of existing financial assistance programs in Yemen are also investigated to discover successful models and implementation issues. The findings show that, while cash-based assistance has greatly improved the living conditions of Yemen's most vulnerable inhabitants, structural difficulties such as fragmented coordination, political instability, and economic volatility limit its efficacy. The study emphasizes the necessity of inter-organizational collaboration, the implementation of unified social registration systems, and the use of intersectional targeting strategies to improve program inclusion and efficiency. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of enhanced governance and accountability structures to ensure the long-term impact of cash-based programming programs. The study suggests that improving inter-organizational collaboration, developing new targeting strategies, and addressing governance deficiencies are critical to increasing the resilience and sustainability of humanitarian operations in Yemen. Future studies should focus on assessing the long-term effects of cash-based programs, as well as investigating the role of digital alternatives in increasing assistance distribution transparency and efficiency. This study adds to the greater discussion on humanitarian relief by giving actionable ideas for improving cash programming in conflict-affected areas
An Optimization Approach of IoD Deployment for Optimal Coverage Based on Radio Frequency Model
No full textRecently, Internet of Drones (IoD) has garnered significant attention due to its widespread applications. However, deploying IoD for area coverage poses numerous limitations and challenges. These include interference between neighboring drones, the need for directional antennas, and altitude restrictions for drones. These challenges necessitate the development of efficient solutions. This research paper presents a cooperative decision-making approach for an efficient IoD deployment to address these challenges effectively. The primary objective of this study is to achieve an efficient IoD deployment strategy that maximizes the coverage region while minimizing interference between neighboring drones. In deployment problem, the interference increases as the number of deployed drones increases, resulting in bad quality of communication. On the other hand, deploying a few drones cannot satisfy the coverage demand. To accomplish this, an enhanced version of a concise population-based meta-heuristic algorithm, namely Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO), is applied. The objective function of IPSO is defined based on the coverage probability, which is primarily influenced by the characteristics of the antennas and drone altitude. A radio frequency (RF) model is derived to evaluate the coverage quality, considering both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) down-link coverage probabilities for ground communication. It is assumed that each drone is equipped with a directional antenna to optimize coverage in a given region. Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves maximum coverage with minimum transmission power. Furthermore, a comparison is made against Collaborative Visual Area Coverage Approach (CVACA), and a game-based approach in terms of coverage quality and convergence speed. The simulation results reveal that our approach outperforms both CVACA and the gamebased schemes in terms of coverage and convergence speed. Comparisons validate the superiority of our approach over existing methods. To assess the robustness of the proposed RF model, we have considered two distinct ranges of noise: range1 spanning from -120 to -90 dBm, and range2 spanning from -90 to -70 dBm for different numbers of UAVs. In summary, this research presents a cooperative decision-making approach for efficient IoD deployment to address the challenges associated with area coverage and achieves an optimal coverage with minimal interference.This research was funded by Project Number INML2104 under the Interdisciplinary Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. This study also was supported by the Special Research Fund BOF23KV17.
Authors at KFUPM would like to acknowledge the support received under University Funded Grant # INML2300. The author at Hasselt University acknowledges the support received from Special Research Fund (BOF) under Grant # BOF23KV17
IoD swarms collision avoidance via improved particle swarm optimization
No full textDrones flights have been investigated widely. In the presence of high density and complex missions, collision avoidance among swarm of drones and with environment obstacles becomes a challenging task and indispensable. This paper aims to enhance the optimality and rapidity of three dimensional IoD path generation by improving the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The improvements include using chaos map logic to initialize the population of PSO. Also, adaptive mutation is utilized to balance local and global search. Then, the inactive particles are replaced by new fresh particles to push the solution toward global optimal. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation is carried out and the results are compared with slandered PSO and with recent work CIPSO. The results exhibit significant improvement in convergence speed as well as optimal solution which prove the ability of proposed method to generate safety path for IoD formation without collision with terrain obstacle and among drones.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the department of the computer engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals for this work.Ahmed, G (corresponding author), King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Comp Engn Dept, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
The Impact of Training and Career Development on Employee Performance, with Job Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable in the Yemeni Universities
No full textThis study investigates the impact of training and career development on employee performance in Yemeni universities, with work satisfaction serving as a moderating variable. The major goal is to determine how training programs and career development efforts might improve employee performance and organizational effectiveness in higher education settings, particularly in light of Yemen's budget restrictions. The study uses Human Capital Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to investigate how skill development, career advancement, and job satisfaction interact to create a motivated and efficient workforce. The primary findings show that training considerably improves employees' abilities, whereas career development increases loyalty and long-term involvement. Job happiness was discovered to play an important moderating role: pleased employees more effectively use new abilities learned through training, magnifying the favorable influence on performance. However, difficulties such as inadequate financial resources and a lack of manpower hinder the effectiveness of training and development initiatives. Despite these challenges, even little expenditures in these areas result in significant increases in employee productivity, institutional success, and overall employee happiness. Also, the study finds that cultivating a culture of continuous learning and establishing focused training programs can greatly benefit organizations, especially in resource-constrained environments such as Yemen. Emphasizing job happiness can enhance the benefits of training and development by making employees more productive, engaged, and aligned with university goals. A future study should apply these findings to other higher education settings, looking at the long-term effects of work satisfaction and development programs on performance
The Problems of Development and Economic Security in Yemen
No full textThis review article investigates and examines the obstacles and critical challenges to Yemen's development and economic security, focusing on the consequences of protracted conflict, hyperinflation, and inadequate government. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, synthesizing insights from scholarly literature, reports from international organizations, and case studies to explore the complex dynamics at play. Data was gathered by doing focused searches using keywords like “problems,” “development,” “economic security,” “stabilization,” and “Yemen” on websites including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Yemen’s current economic landscape and the factors contributing to its decline. Results reveal that Yemen's protracted conflict has seriously harmed the country's economic framework, resulting in pervasive poverty, unstable food supplies, and a breakdown of social services. Corruption and inept governance have exacerbated these problems, impeding efforts to stabilize the economy and restore public trust. The impact of large international help is still limited because of continued violence and logistical obstacles in the delivery of relief. According to the study's findings, Yemen's recovery would necessitate a multimodal strategy that includes investments in education and career training, currency stabilization, economic diversification, and governance reforms. Effective governance and ongoing international support are also critical to achieving sustainable development and long-term stability
Efficient Modeling of Complex Sandy Coastal Evolution at Monthly to Century Time Scales
No full textWith large-scale human interventions and climate change unfolding as they are now, coastal changes at decadal timescales are not limited to incremental modifications of systems that are fixed in their general geometry, but often show significant changes in layout that may be catastrophic for populations living in previously safe areas. This poses severe challenges that are difficult to meet for existing models. A new free-form coastline model, ShorelineS, is presented that is able to describe large coastal transformations based on relatively simple principles of alongshore transport gradient driven changes as a result of coastline curvature, including under highly obliquely incident waves, and consideration of splitting and merging of coastlines, and longshore transport disturbance by hard structures. An arbitrary number of coast sections is supported, which can be open or closed and can interact with each other through relatively straightforward merging and splitting mechanisms. Rocky parts or structures may block wave energy and/or longshore sediment transport. These features allow for a rich behavior including shoreline undulations and formation of spits, migrating islands, merging of coastal shapes, salients and tombolos. The main formulations of the (open-source) model, which is freely available at www.shorelines.nl, are presented. Test cases show the capabilities of the flexible, vector-based model approach, while field validation cases for a large-scale sand nourishment (the Sand Engine; 21 million m3) and an accreting groin scheme at Al-Gamil (Egypt) show the model’s capability of computing realistic rates of coastline change as well as a good representation of the shoreline shape for real situations.Coastal Engineerin
A (im)possibilidade de imputação penal de lavagem de capitais por cumplicidade aos contadores no exercício cotidiano de sua atividade profissional
No full textCom o advento dos avanços tecnológicos, a interação supranacional das relações
socioeconômicas tem-se erigido de forma profícua, de modo a viabilizar maior circulação de capital. Em contrapartida, é nesse ambiente desenvolvimentista que a criminalidade econômica organizada avança, mormente por meio da utilização de atividades profissionais lícitas como instrumento viabilizador da circulação de capitais, via ocultação e dissimulação
de origem ilícita para sua inserção na economia formal. Com vistas à investigação desse fenômeno, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar o fundamento e o limite da participação delitiva sob a forma de cumplicidade por meio do exercício profissional contábil na lavagem
de capitais, denominado de cumplicidade por meio de ações neutras. E, para a composição dessa análise, optou-se pela abordagem metodológica de caráter qualitativo mediante uma revisão de literatura especializada de cunho descritivo-exploratório acerca do concurso de pessoas enquanto elemento fundamental à compreensão dos limites da responsabilidade penal nos casos de lavagem de capitais. O estudo nuclear desse trabalho recai sobre os fundamentos
da responsabilidade penal na cumplicidade por meio de ações cotidianas na prestação de serviços contábeis, buscando demonstrar o fundamento político criminal que permite isentar de responsabilidade penal comportamentos profissionais exercidos legalmente, e os fundamentos dogmáticos que demonstram a inexistência de colaboração delitiva com o fato
praticado por terceiro. A doutrina desenvolve uma variedade de construções teóricas que buscam solucionar a problemática da cumplicidade por ações cotidianas no âmbito da tipicidade objetiva, tipicidade subjetiva, analisando sobre as duas perspectivas da tipicidade
objetiva-subjetiva, existindo, inclusive, proposta de solução no campo da antijuridicidade. Resultados: a colaboração para o crime de lavagem de capitais, realizada por meio da
prestação dos serviços contábeis, é solucionada no âmbito da tipicidade objetiva: primeiro, em razão do princípio da proporcionalidade, que demonstra a inidoneidade do Direito Penal para
proteger o bem jurídico protegido na lavagem de capitais por meio da proibição de prestação dos serviços contábeis; segundo, pela aplicação do filtro normativo da imputação objetiva,
demonstrando que os serviços contábeis, em que pese o alto risco para a lavagem de capitais, é um risco juridicamente tolerável. Conclusão: o exercício profissional contábil representa
atividade juridicamente tolerada impunível, não ingressando na conduta típica do autor, submetido, ainda, aos deveres de colaboração com a persecução penal antilavagem nos termos
da Lei 9.613/1998, comunicando operações suspeitas e atípicas, sendo assim autorizado está a prestar seus serviços mesmo em circunstâncias de elevado risco para a realização da lavagem de capitais.With the advent of technological advancements, the supranational interaction of socioeconomic relations has proficuously emerged in order to enable greater capital circulation. Conversely, within this developmental environment, organized economic criminality progresses, chiefly through the use of licit professional activities as enabling
instruments for capital circulation, by means of concealment and dissimulation of illicit origins for insertion in the formal economy. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the present work aims at analyzing the basis and limits of delinquent participation in the form of
complicity by means of professional accounting practices in the laundering of capital, known as complicity through neutral actions. A qualitative nature methodological approach was chosen to compose the analysis, through a specialized descriptive-exploratory character literature review of the concourse of people as fundamental element to understanding the limits of criminal liability in cases of money laundering. The core study of this work lies on
the foundations of criminal liability for complicity by means of everyday actions in the provision of accounting services, seeking to demonstrate the criminal political foundation that allows to exempt legally performed professional practices from criminal liability, as well as
the dogmatic grounds indicating the non-existence of delinquent collaboration with the fact practiced by third parties. Doctrine develops a variety of theoretical constructions that seek to solve the problem of complicity by everyday actions within the scope of objective vagueness
and subjective vagueness, analyzing both perspectives of objective-subjective vagueness, also including an existing solution proposal in the field of anti-legality. Results: Collaboration
with the crime of money laundering, carried out through the provision of accounting services, is solved within the scope of objective vagueness. First, due to the principle of proportionality, which demonstrates the inaptitude of Criminal Law to protect the legal interest from money laundering by prohibiting the provision of accounting services. Secondly, by the application of the objective imputation normative filter, showing that accounting services, despite the high risk for money laundering, encompass a legally tolerable risk.
Conclusion: The professional accounting practice represents an unpunishable legally tolerated activity, not entering the typical conduct of the author, also submitted to the duties of
collaboration with the anti-money laundering criminal prosecution, under the terms of Law 9.613/1998, reporting suspicious and atypical operations, thus being authorized to provide such services, even in circumstances of high risk for the purpose of money laundering
Placenames in Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay and Gamilaraay Languages of North-West New South Wales
No full textYuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay and Gamilaraay are closely related languages that cover a large area of north-west New South Wales, from the New South Wales-Queensland border down to the Tamworth area, and from the edge of the Tablelands, west to beyond Walgett. Cognacy rates of around 60-80 per cent (Williams 1980: 1) and comparable grammars mean that the three languages are dialects. The names of these languages have two parts, the first part is the word for 'no', and the second is the comitative suffix meaning 'having'. So Yuwaalaraay has 'yuwaal' (actually 'waal') 'no', and Gamilaraay has 'gamil' 'no'. This is a fairly common way of naming Aboriginal languages in this area; compare, for example, Yugambal of the Inverell area which has 'yuga' 'no', and Wiradjuri from central-southern NSW which has 'wirray' 'no'. During 1999 work began on the Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay and Gamilaraay dictionary database. The project involves creating a dictionary with and for the Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay and Gamilaraay people. The author is compiling data from historical sources, from Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay and Gamilaraay people, and from the checking of historical information with the people. The content and final form of publication will be determined by local Aboriginal people. ... In the course of this work, names (so far, about 70) for places in the region have been incorporated into the database. These come from historical sources, other linguistic work and from Elders of the region, such as Uncle Ted Fields of Walgett who have a lot of valuable local knowledge. Analysis has begun on many other placenames that are potentially of Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaaliyaay or Gamilaraay origin; these are still to be checked with informants. Understandably, culturally sensitive information, such as placenames cited in Dreaming stories, are the subject of discussion as to whether or not they should be included in the dictionary
THE r STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF EQUATORIAL BROMOCYCLOBUTANE, CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY FROM TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT INFRARED SPECTRA OF XENON SOLUTIONS, AND VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
No full textAuthor Institution: DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64110,USA; DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON, CHARLESTON, SC 29424, USAVariable temperature (-55 to ) studies of the infrared spectra (4000-400 cm) of bromocyclobutane, c-CHBr dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. The infrared spectrum (4000-100 cm) of the gas has also been recorded. The enthalpy difference between the more stable equatorial conformer and the axial form, has been determined to be 372 34 cm . This experimental value of H is much lower than the average MP2(full) {\em ab initio} predicted value of 521 87 cm. The percentage of the axial conformer present at ambient temperature is estimated to be 14 1. By utilizing previously reported microwave rotational constants for the equatorial conformer combined with {\em ab initio} MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) predicted structural values, adjusted r parameters have been obtained. The determined heavy atom structural parameters for this conformer are with distances() C-Br = 1.942(3), C-C = 1.541(5), C-C = 1.552(3) and angles in degrees CCBr = 118.4(5), CCC = 89.7(5), CCC = 86.8(5), CCC = 88.9(5) and CCCC = 29.8. The results will be discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of some similar molecules
ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF THE ANTI-ANTI CONFORMER OF N-BUTYLGERMANE
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, IL 61920; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424; Department of Chemistry, University of \hbox{Massachusetts}, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003Rotational spectra for the five naturally occurring germanium isotopologues of the anti-anti conformer of -butylgermane have been measured using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer operating in the 4-18 GHz range. This conformer, determined by ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level to be the most stable of five possible conformers, has a heavy atom planar structure and dipole moment values (for the Ge species) of D and D, with D. Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have also been determined for the Ge nucleus and are in reasonable agreement with ab initio calculations. Small splittings, which were particularly apparent on the very weak -type transitions for all isotopic species, are presumably due to rotation of one or both of the internal rotors (CH and GeH) although these splittings have not yet been resolved sufficiently well to allow determination of any internal rotation parameters. The spectroscopic data will be discussed in relation to ab initio results and compared with results for similar species
